The Chinese are masters at lies and mind games, but not so good at actual fighting. Modi's mistake was falling for Chinese lies and being manipulated by them. Whenever any country is willing to make the sacrifice and fight with the Chinese fully, they back off. Otherwise how is it that smaller countries like Vietnam and Taiwan have been able to hold the Chinese off. But you have to show them that you are willing to fight and make sacrifices. I am not saying you do suicidal missions (unless there is substantial benefit, like I believe there was at Galwan, and I think that is why the Colonel made the supreme sacrifice). But don't just sit on the line either, because that benefits the Chinese as they keep redrawing the line at the times that suit them. Keep making the Chinese pay with blood and loss of territory (and loss of face), otherwise they will keep winning as they take over more territory. As far as technological edge goes, US had the technological edge in Vietnam, yet they lost. Russia had the edge in Afghanistan, but they lost. What is required is a leader with an iron will, who is not afraid of losing men. If Modi doesn't have it yet, he needs to read the Bhagvad Gita again, and then call the Chinese bluff. There is no greater death for these Indian soldiers than in fighting for their country, and they know this. Fight with the Chinese fully and with good strategy and embarass them. They will retreat, as they did in Vietnam.