Will reply in points.
No, you are wrong about the figures. The figure for "rounds" that you gave is for the bullet weights - The actual weight of rounds is 392 grains for M80. Weight of 7.62x39 ranges between 150 and 180 grains.
We dont ship bullets to troops, we ship rounds.
Bullets are these :-
View attachment 178311
These are rounds:-
View attachment 178314
part 2)
Yes, 762 by 51 has more energy, and more velocity. However, it is unnecessary for most situations. Like I said, the US found that out the hard way. The long range part of it is only useful in MG and DMR roles, in todays world the only reason to use it is against troops with high availability of armour. Thats why 762x51 has been given to more troops along china border than pak border.
I would have ideally preferred we dont switch as of now, and wait to see if 6.8 becomes standard among nato, and then switch to it. It is the best compromise here, but I think our govt is playing it a bit safe to make sure we dont end up with unusable rifles in the end if this doesnt work out.