Direction and Focus on science. Somewhere along the way we lost interest as a society in pure science. We value engineers to send to TCS/Indy or to JP Morgan and McKinsey.What improvements can they make
Money from corporate and govt to build infrastructure and fund research. Which means also salaries to match. All our brightest PHDs are going to America.
How many patents do we file in India? Check Israel china as a comparison. What is the % of GDP we spend in education? In corporate r&D ?
Ofcourse there are exceptions but for a population of 1.3bn and top 5 economy it's a joke.
Btw one of my most favourite innovation lead companies is Asian Paints. Their AI on supply chain management is simply the best in the world across any industry as such I have seen. Choksy also has the distinction of buying thr first Super Computer in India (70s) before ISRO or anybody.
Very few forward thinkers like that sadly