Know Your 'Rafale'

p2prada

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@halloweene

MICA's 67 Km is not that impressive. The dated RVV-AE has done 90 Km in tests and this is for the missile version introduced in the late '90s in IAF. Later versions have a smaller seeker and more fuel and were still being delivered until a year or two ago. Both missiles are obsolete in range performance when compared to newer missiles coming out today.

RVV-SD and Meteor exceed the range performance of RVV-AE and MICA.
 
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gadeshi

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@halloweene:
Another thoughts:
6 - ASMP/A is analogue for Kh-22/32 but is inferior in range (300km to 500km), speed (3M to 4.5M) and warhead weight and power. It is not a tactical missile or ARM/ASM. And it costs 18 millions of Euros! OMG!!!
7 - METEOR needs a lot of additional testing before it will be ready. Considering European population decay and degradation last decades (noone wants to be an engineer, just lawyers, dantists, MBAs and gays) and budget difficulties, we will wait it long, as well as MICA NG.
8 - Don't you know, why Russians and Americans both have abandoned ramjet AAMs idea at the same time? This is because ramjet intakes cause huge parasite drag, especially on the passive flight path, when the engine is burned-out which negates the most its advantages. It eats too much speed and energy envelope to be capable of shooting down a maneuvering target on the proper ranges.
9 - METEOR has only 100km range even with air-breezing ramjet, while Item 177M (RVV-SD) and AIM-120C-7 have the same 110 and 100 kms on usual SRM without any drawbacks and starting to claim 180km threshold in the nearest future on SRM as well. Don't you think this is an opportunity to think about METEOR as about another one European failure (very expensive, BTW)?
 
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halloweene

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1- Super 530 is retired. Saying it is "shit" doesn't mean anything without better arguments. Irrelevant
2- AS 30 was shitty, why? Short ranged, certainly and again, retired. Irrelevant
3- AASM irrelevant in modern AD environment. If you say so... (btw it has a 15+ Kms range if released ground level, 65+Kms range)
4-Magic 2 a "shit as compared to R60". Please develop? Anw retired. Irrelevant.
5- how funny you count practical range to be 1/3 of max range about mica and 1/2 for other missiles. Explain?
6- Where did you find ASMP/A range? Highly classified and generally estimated to 500 + Kms.
8- Russinas and US abandoned Ramjet projects because they were unsucessful. Meteor isnt advertised for 100 Kms, but MORE than 100 KMs and about denegy depletion, it has mauch larger NEZ with Ramjet than any other missile atm.
9- Etc. Etc. How do you call someone asserting smthing is a "liqui shit" without any data etc???? Ah yes a troll.
Btw why didn't Scalp come into the equation?
 

Drsomnath999

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BTW, French always have poor missiles, AA and AF both. So, it will be a good idea to integrate Russian missiles into Rafale weapons list either.
PLZ

dont post such kind of flamebaiting posts especially in this thread.

MBDA company in which france is also a partner is one of the leading makers of Missiles right now.

I dont want this thread to turn out into another D^^^k enhancing contest .

if u have anything related about rafale u are always welcome to post in this thread

CHEERS
 

gadeshi

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PLZ

dont post such kind of flamebaiting posts especially in this thread.

MBDA company in which france is also a partner is one of the leading makers of Missiles right now.

I dont want this thread to turn out into another D^^^k enhancing contest .

if u have anything related about rafale u are always welcome to post in this thread

CHEERS
OK, if you want it.
I've said all I want with the arguments.
If the arguments are unsuitable for French patriots let them be in shadows.

CHEERS.
 
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Drsomnath999

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OK, if you want it.
I've said all I want with the arguments.
If the arguments are unsuitable for French patriots let them be in shadows.

CHEERS.
1st thing this is not the thread for Vs arguments

2nd thing most of your views lack backing / proper sources mostly your own opinion

3rd thing we all are patriots irrespective of nationalities why only french be in shadows, Russians weapons aint flawless at all ,they have their issues also??? but those things not required to be discussed in this thread at least .Yes u can create your own Vs thread on it i have no problem rather i
would also contribute in that thread

CHEERS
 

Drsomnath999

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Airforces Monthly , March 2014:



COURTESY-OLYBRIUS
THANK U FOR THE INFO MATE
 

gadeshi

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1st thing this is not the thread for Vs arguments

2nd thing most of your views lack backing / proper sources mostly your own opinion

3rd thing we all are patriots irrespective of nationalities why only french be in shadows, Russians weapons aint flawless at all ,they have their issues also??? but those things not required to be discussed in this thread at least .Yes u can create your own Vs thread on it i have no problem rather i
would also contribute in that thread

CHEERS
OK, I'll do it. Will create missiles comparison theme.
 

Sridhar

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Come clean on ties with Agusta: India to Dassault

With the defence ministry all set to blacklist Agusta-Westland-Finmeccanica for the VVIP helicopter bribery scandal, it has asked French aircraft manufacturer Dassault to clarify whether the Anglo-Italian chopper company was supplying parts for its Rafale medium multi-role combat aircraft (MMRCA) slated to be acquired by India at the cost of $20 billion.
A photo of AgustaWestland AW101 chopper, configured to meet diverse roles for pre-dominantly Maritime and Utility tasks. Photo: agustawestland.com

South Block sources said the ministry wanted to seek prior clarification from Dassault during the negotiation stage as it did not want to face legal or operational hurdles for spare parts after the 126-aircraft deal had been signed.

"Dassault has been asked whether Agusta-Westland-Finmeccanica was original equipment manufacturer for the Rafale MMRCA as there were reports on the same. We have pointed out to Dassault that India was involved in litigation with the Anglo-Italian company over charges of bribery in the 12 VVIP helicopter purchase scandal," said a senior defence ministry official.

Come clean on ties with Agusta: India to Dassault - Hindustan Times
 

sob

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There is no money nor will to push the deal thru.

Sent from my GT-N7100 using Tapatalk
 

JAISWAL

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A big step in India's Rafale jet deal with France

French firm will send 18 Rafale fighter jets, India will build the rest


:thumb: :thumb:
Courtesy: AFP


File photo: A French Dassault Rafale fighter performs in an air show over Le Bourget airport, north of Paris


New Delhi: The Indian government and French aerospace major Dassault have sealed a work share agreement in what is being described as a big step forward, almost two years after negotiations began in the deal for 126 Rafale fighter jets to be bought by India.

The government's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited or HAL will do that will be manufactured in India. Dassault would do the rest of the work, sources said.

The first 18 of the fighters will be fully manufactured in France and will be brought to India in "fly-away" condition.


India has apparently rejected Dassault's reservations about having HAL as the major player.

The final contract, though, is still far from being signed. For one, India's Ministry of Defence has no money in the current financial year that ends this month, for initial payment.

Also, general elections are due by May and the final contract will only be signed by the next government, if it chooses to go ahead on the same terms and conditions.

Dassault Aviation had won the contract to supply 126 Medium, multi-role combat aircraft or MMRCA in 2012. The massive contract is pegged at anywhere between 12 to 15 billion dollars.

Sources said the deal is complex and requires both sides to be in sync on commercial factors, logistics and HAL's ability to assemble the Rafale.

For instance, the radar on the Rafale jet is to be manufactured by Bharat-Electronics Ltd (BEL) in Bangalore. The Radome (the protruding snub nose on the aircraft) would, however, be manufactured by HAL at its Hyderabad facility. Dassault wanted clarity on how the two units would coordinate their activities.

Now, HAL has apparently agreed to set up a new facility close to the one that BEL has in Bangalore.

The French and Indian governments are also working on an agreement for a sovereign guarantee that Dassault will supply, service and maintain the Rafales over the next 40 years.

This is an important provision in the Indian defence procurement procedure, designed to ensure that manufacturers don't renege on their commitment.


Source
 

Immanuel

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Btw, just realized that F35 wont have a rover capability... Aka useless for modern CAS...
U.S. Navy Details Ship Mods Required For F-35
The Rafale lacks a IRST, AKA useless for modern day Air combat... whats the point?? Let's not be comparing the Rafale to the F-35, plenty of weaknesses in the Rafale that simply can't match to the F-35. Morever, With plenty of Litening Pods in their inventory, all they need a one such pod underbelly to make it ROVER capable.
 

halloweene

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first with a litening underbelly they would lose stealth. Second they'd need to integrate it.

About IRST, Rafale do not have a dedicated infrared system, These functions are performed by a network of sensors (DDM-NG, MICA seekers, any IR pod sensor and powerful camera for identification). Probably lacking very long range IR tracking on french (not indian) Rafales, but quite smart approach.
 

Drsomnath999

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The Rafale As Canada's Next Fighter – Part 2

Factor 3 : Compatibility and Weapons Capacity.

As stated above, Rafale can carry any NATO standardized weapon (although some are not integrated yet for the French air force, there is no technical difficulty to it). Considering its "French ecosystem" as a requisite is a false opinion as stated above. It would be much more interesting to evaluate which original weapons Rafale would bring to CAF.

First, the Meteor missile is a Ramjet missile and the most modern, lethal, air-to-air weapon in the NATO arsenal. The upcoming AMRAAM missile latest version will have a near similar range (above 100 Kms), but with a much smaller No Escape Zone (NEZ). Missile manufacturer MBDA is also working on integrating the Meteor on the F-35 so there can be no incompatibility argument. The Rafale is one of the earliest adopters and will have it deployed ahead of the F-35 or Eurofighter Typhoon, which is only beginning testing this year.

Second, the MICA missile (Missile d'Interception et de Combat Aérien or interception and aerial combat missile). This missile has both IR and EM capabilities, and a unique IR Beyond Visual Range (BVR) capabilities which the Sidewinder 9X Blk2 is only trying to match. Its relatively small size and thrust vectoring make it a very agile missile, with a range of 500m to 65+ Km. It is a "fire and forget" missile with LOAL (Lock After Launch) and can be shot "over the shoulder" (rearwards). In 2010, MBDA stated a remarkable 93% successful shots out of 240 trials11. An over the shoulder fire of MICA on a target illuminated by a second Rafale (third party targeting) was demonstrated in 200724. MBDA is presently developing a Mica "NG" missile which, using the same body, that will offer more range, a dual boost engine dramatically increasing NEZ and even more precise seekers25. It should also bring a new datalink capability allowing a buddy plane to guide the missile independently from the shooting plane (presently it is needed to guide the missile via the shooting plane datalink)

Third, the AASM SBU38 (Smart Bomb Unit) "HAMMER." Probably (although expensive) the most advanced NATO Air-to-Ground weapon-so much so, that it's amazing capabilities saw NATO dub it "The Magic Weapon" during the Libyan conflict. The HAMMER is a kit added to Mk 82 250 Kg bombs consisting in a rocket propeller and a guiding system. The guidance system comprises INS/GPS, INS/GPS Laser or INS/GPS Infrared options. It has off-boresight capabilities (it can be shot at 50 Km from the target at medium altitude and 15 Km of the target during very low penetration flight). Using it, a Rafale is able to destroy six different ground targets across a wide area simultaneously. The HAMMER is advertised by its manufacturer in 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 Kg versions36.

Fourth, the SCALP/Storm Shadow Long Range Stand Off Munition (LRSOM) "cruise" missile. France's Rafale is the first of the latest generation fighter jets to qualify and use this long-range cruise missile in combat. It was successfully deployed during the French Air Force's "first-in" missions in Libya, taking out critical targets. The Typhoon is only commencing initial tests this year and from an interoperability perspective, it is also to be incorporated into the F-35 a number of years from now.51

Rafale can also come with Reco NG dual band reconnaissance pod (known as AEROS for export), allowing extremely sharp images to be transmitted in real time via a highly directional broadband datalink. It is capable of blending images from near IR and visible bands to create very high resolution 3D images, even from very long distances35.

Several other European weapons are qualified for the Rafale: Exocet antiship missile, ASMP-A nuclear ramjet missile (although this won't be available for export, it demonstrates the capability of the plane to resist nuclear electromagnetic flash). The nuclear mission of the Rafale is a testimony to penetrate heavily defended enemy areas.

Finally, Rafale can be refueled using the "probe and drogue" method already used by RCAF, avoiding a costly adaptation of the CC150 Polaris refuellers. This technique was quoted in a US report to congress as more efficient for fighter refueling as it allows to refuel two planes simultaneously19. It is of note that the Rafale also has a "buddy-to-buddy" refueling capability, allowing it to perform even longer range missions in the absence of a refueller.

Factor 4 : Sensors and Situational Awareness

Apart from stealth (to be discussed further), the sensor suite and data fusion is described by Lockheed as one of the main features of the so called "5th Gen." aircraft. And they are right – in a US context. Amongst "4th Gen." US aircrafts, only the future (if ordered, otherwise the production line will shut down in 2016) FA/18 "Advanced" Super Hornet will feature a sensor fused display, as this is more or less a common feature to "Eurocanards".

Aboard Rafale, data from all sensors, Radar, Front sector optronics (FSO), Electronic Warfare suite (SPECTRA), IFF (identify friend or foe), IR MICA missiles and datalinks are merged into a clear unified visual symbolism on situational awareness display9. This capability was highly praised in a recent test evaluation by Vianney Riller Jr, who has also flown latest versions of F-18 E/F and SAAB Gripen9. Besides all subsystems are virtualized and independent, the heart of the system is the MDPU (Modular Data Processing Unit), composed of 19 LRUs (line replacement units), each of them 50 times more powerful than previous generation aircraft computers. The architecture of the system allows flawless upgrade of processors, and a second bay is provisioned to receive another MDPU. This type of architecture also eases maintenance and upgrades of the whole combat system. The system is able to "create" tracks using fragmented data from several sensors.

Visualization can be integrated into the tactical head level display, an original feature with its screen collimated to infinite in order to prevent vision accommodation delays between the screen and the HUD/pilot outer vision. Virtually every sensor including "plugged ones" like a reconnaissance pod or Data sent from JTACs (Joint Tactical Air Controllers) will be fused in the tactical presentation given to the pilot.

On the subject of displays, Rafale is available with a fully-integrated helmet-mounted display developed by Thales, although the French forces have not ordered it as yet.53

Rafale's sensor suite includes:
· RBE2 AA radar. It is a state-of-the-art AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) radar composed of roughly 1,000 GaAs modules 12. It incorporates an original "cloud concept" architecture allowing future GaN made modules and conformal antennas to be added without changing the overall architecture of the radar14. With an average input power of 10 kW, it s described as very similar to F-18 E/F AN/APG 79 radar in terms of technology and maturity22. Although its exact range is classified, the "Centre d'Expériences Aériennes Militaires" (CEAM, the unit qualifying new materials), stated several times that the range was "doubled" as compared to the previous PESA radar. Dassault's CEO, Eric Trappier, once stated "more than 200 Km." It is able to track 40 planes or other targets and engage eight of them simultaneously within a 140° angular domain15. It features a "non cooperative" identification system and can generate high resolution Synthetic Aperture maps40 and comes with an automated supplementary follow-ground terrain mode.

· OSF-IT Front sensor optronics. The OSF posseses a powerful TV channel allowing the pilot to identify a target at more than 50 Km. This function is particularly useful, with very restrictive engagement rules. The system also features a laser telemeter.

· IFF (Identify Friend or Foe) the proposed version of Rafale (F3R) features latest IFF (mode 5/S);

· Three Laser Warning Receivers covering 360° around the plane, with angular location of laser emitter capabilities;

· Infrared Search and Track (IRST). This is accomplished through a combination of systems. Détecteur de Départ de Missiles Nouvelle Génération ("DDM NG" or new generation missile departure detector) comprises two "fish eye" passive imaging infrared detectors. These are more than just a missile approach warning system (MAWS). Their high level of accuracy for IR threat detection contributes to comprehensive situation awareness in a similar manner to F-35 EODAS9,16 with a 360-degree spherical coverage. In fact they are precise enough to be compatible with the future use of DIRCMs (Direct Infrared Counter Measures). The infrared versions of the MICA missiles are also integrated into the situational awareness picture providing a far IR channel together with or independent of the targeting pod. The MICA IR sensors provide full IR capability throughout the duration of the mission as the sensors do not rely on short-duration nitrogen canisters for cooling, as do most U.S. infrared missiles.

· Three Radar Warning Receivers. These three antennas (120° coverage each) are located on the tail fin base and canard roots. These systems use interferometry calculation methods in order to locate threats allowing a less than 1° accuracy and over a 200 Km range 15,17. This precision allows them to passively (without using active sensors) give firing solutions. During ATLC 2009, they were able to locate radars that had stayed unnoticed to a specialized aircraft configuration, F16 CJ20.

· The three latter sensors are part of the famous "SPECTRA" EW suite, which is also capable of self learning (and real time deeding its own threat databank) and ELINT/SIGINT tasks using recorders.

Factor 5 : Stealth and SPECTRA.

In the early'80 s, the DGA (French procurement agency) and Armée de l'Air started studied the self protection system of the future combat aircraft.

Future threat analysis as well as cost considerations (acquisition and maintenance) led to a compromise between high kinematic abilities and the different parries to theses threats.

· Preventive avoidance led to full spectrum signature reduction features, automatic very low altitude and very high-speed terrain following ground system and adaptation of pathways using a sophisticated mission preparation system.

· In-flight detection of threats and adapted course change, allowing real time adaptation of preventive avoidance.

· Avoidance by neutralization – jamming, decoying and ultimately destroying threats.

Whole Spectrum Signature reduction measures are obtained by several means, mostly classified, some documented. In the IR spectrum for example (heat detection), there is a supplementary cool air channel around the engine exhaust. In the radar spectrum, extensive use of composites (1/3rd of the plane mass, 70% of the wet surface (that is roughly to the same extent as the future Pak-Fa Russian fighter)), and RAM coatings, presence of serrated "saw-tooth" patterns on canards and wing trailing edges, as well as inside air intakes. Instead of deflecting incoming radar waves to an angle away from the emitter, they are channeled towards "spike" points heavily treated against reflection. Dassault engineers do not claim their plane to be "stealthy", but very discreet or "sneaky." All in all, the Rafale has a radar cross section reduction by 20 times compared to the Mirage 200015.

Avoidance of known threats is obtained either by mission planning (and the data will appear on the tactical display) or in real time, via Link 16 or detection by any of the plane sensors. In the latter cases, SPECTRA is able to propose actions vs. emerging threat, be it bypassing via recommending a new route to the pilot in order to avoid lethal areas (sophisticated enough to take into account the characteristics of the threat and topography), jamming, decoying or destroying the threat.

Here lies the origin of the SPECTRA concept, which most modern EW suites are only now emulating. Far from being a simple "situation Awareness" suite, SPECTRA is capable of offensive actions. It has 3 AESA highly directional jamming antennas allowing deception jamming. The possible types of jamming involved have been extensively discussed on the net and are highly classified. We know it uses a DRFM (Digital Radio Frequency Memory) chain and "intelligent" jamming instead of "brutal jamming". False range targets, velocity gate pull-off, and narrow band Doppler noise created by using digital RF memory (DRFM) are the common coherent EA techniques which can be used effectively against LPI radars23. Simply put, it is able to feed enemy radar with wrong data about presence, location and number of planes. It acts as an illusionist instead of using noisy, blinding "projectors" ("broadband white noise jammers"). Furthermore, depending on conditions, SPECTRA is able to detect and localize potential threats accurately enough to allow a shooting without using active (detectable) sensors. Some interesting results nevertheless leaked to specialized press, here are some:

· While flying over Libyan air defenses (before the Libyan air defense system was suppressed by tomahawk salvo), Rafales planes "poofed" from enemy radars31.

· During NATO Mace XIII exercise in Slovakia, a Rafale B flew unmolested over a S300 radar (and was the only type engaged in the exercise able to do it)21

· During Joint warrior 2013-1 exercise, rumours say SPECTRA literally gave headaches to Eurofighter's Captor M radar, preventing it from tracking visible and detectable Rafales.

· During his test flights in 2012, DefesaNet test pilot Vianney Riller Jr. could shoot, entirely relying on aircraft passive sensors, a plane attacking him in his 6 o'clock position from way over 10 NM. At the moment, as far as I know, Rafale is the only operational plane able to perform such a shot.

· In a 2011 technical presentation brochure at Le Bourget, "virtual stealth technology" is stated27.

SPECTRA is completely integrated to the airplane (and will react differently according to the plane configuration). This is a very important feature as the suite wasn't added to the plane like a jamming pod would, but was designed for the plane as a coherent system (with exact radar behavious, IR signatures and loads in mind).

This advanced, integrated EW capability is another area where the Americans are actually playing catch-up. The Rafale is the only aircraft delivering this advanced combat capability on the market today. The Boeing EA-18G Growler, the electronic warfare variant of the F-18 Super Hornet, will only be getting this capability in a next generation external jamming pod from Raytheon on 2020. In order to have the air-to-air, air-to-ground AND EW capabilities at once, you need to fly both the SuperHornet and Growlers – two jets compared to one Rafale.48

In conclusion, instead of relying completely on a stealthy shape, Rafale relies on a smart avoidance system and highly sophisticated sensor suite, real time mission planning and top end AESA jammers. It is noticeable that in 2014, a Rafale demonstrator will fly with gallium-nitride (GaN) made SPECTRA antennas, a world first, demonstration the involvement of French state in constantly upgrading the aircraft. Again, this will be six years ahead of the Growler getting that capability and only promised on the F-35.48

The Rafale As Canada's Next Fighter – Part 2 | Ottawa Citizen


P.S Halloweene who wrote this article:p
 

Drsomnath999

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MBDA MICA EM/IR

Program
The e MICA - Intercept Missile Combat and Self-defense is a medium-range missile to replace both the missile Super 530D / F and Magic 2 .

Its unique design in the world allows it to be used in both intercept mission and dogfight from the Rafale and Mirage 2000-5 (Air Force). Launched from rails or ejector, it has two interchangeable seekers, electromagnetic or infrared, both for the short and medium range.
It has a coherent multi-targeting ability with weapons systems and aircraft carriers with a capacity "fire and forget".

Electromagnetic MICA is more intended for long-range engagements and MICA IR is rather intended for short engagements. At the end of 2010, MBDA announced a remarkable success rate of 93% on 240 shots made.

On the Rafale F3, MICA enables high collimator head of the aircraft display pilot the probability of direct hit from a missile before it is fired. In mode 1 and 2 couple Rafale F3/MICA, radar RBE2 updates in real time via a liaison aircraft missile (LAM) and four missiles coordinates 4 targets simultaneously until each homing MICA supports its own target.

The first homing shot was taken in 1991 for electromagnetic release (EM) and 1995 for infrared release (IR).
Produced by MBDA MICA was commissioned by the DGA to 1,110 copies. French forces will have the entire park of MICA in 2012.
MICA is assembled on the industrial site MBDA Selles-Saint-Denis (Loir-et-Cher). In addition, more than 1,000 missiles MICA have been sold to foreign customers, air-release or surface-to-air version of VL-MICA (MICA vertical launch) drawn from installed vertical containers on land platforms or ships.



Description

Seeker

The seeker electromagnetic (EM) is a highly evolved able to detect and track a target to several tens of kilometers active seeker. Designed for use in an atmosphere against severe measures, it is also able to choose the appropriate target, with or without information from the shooter weapons system.
The homing infrared (IR): very advanced technology, has an integrated self-cooling and requires no maintenance or specific implementation and a battery life of 10 hours. Its very sensitive detector and computer allow it to develop an infrared image of its field of vision, and thus recognize an aircraft of a lure or a bright landscape. It thus becomes insensitive to conventional infrared against measures.
Both seekers have the ability to be adapted without any special adjustment to the body of missile.

Liaison aircraft missile
This is a connection that allows the shooter to forward flight of the missile to the target information. Thus, all the evasive maneuvers that are known MICA, allowing it to adjust its trajectory and target research to the attachment of the seeker. Meanwhile, the aircraft gunner can evolve while keeping the target in the scope of its on-board radar. This liaison aircraft missile, very useful for shooting long distances, is not essential medium and short distance, thereby conferring an ability to "fire and forget" missile. This missile flight link is materialized by small antennas to the rear of the missile. Highly protected against the electronic interference, it is more undetectable.

Inertial reference
It allows the MICA at its phase called inertial flight, heading towards its target, possibly without connecting aircraft missile. Knowing the firing parameters (initial position, initial position and flight elements of the target), it can calculate the future position of the target, and thus to calculate the optimal path to be followed to detect and intercept thereof.

Methods shot
Mode 1: long distance shooting with liaison aircraft missile. This mode provides the longest spans, optimizing every moment the trajectory and the search field of missile.
Mode 2: long distance shooting without connecting aircraft missile. This mode allows the airplane shooter to engage multiple targets and break the fight.
Mode 3: short shooting distance with hooking the homing flight. This mode is optimized for close combat with a strong squint and use a helmet visor.
Mode 4: short shooting distance homing hung before firing. This classic mode allows the missile to be fired independently.


Load
12 kg of explosive blast and fragmentation.

Propulsion
Powered by solid fuel.

Aircraft (s) Forwarder (s) of Naval Aviation

Rafale M F1, F2 and F3
Typical configuration of air defense:
-2 To 4 missiles MICA EM or IR missiles MICA EM or 4 and 2 Magic 2 ,
-1 Can releasable.
https://translate.google.co.in/tran...www.ffaa.net/weapons/mica/mica_fr.htm&act=url
 

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