Sukhoi Su 30MKI

p2prada

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A AESA radar won't offer that much of a performance advantage in AESA, other than in LPI. The basic tech is same. Advantages of AESA over PESA are more pronounced in areas like reliability and TCO.
AESA's advantages are also in detection, identification, classification, tracking, prioritization, multitasking etc over PESA. It is also more advanced in terms of EW, it is capable of high power ECM functions. It is also be great at data dissemination.
 

Defcon 1

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AESA's advantages are also in detection, identification, classification, tracking, prioritization, multitasking etc over PESA. It is also more advanced in terms of EW, it is capable of high power ECM functions. It is also be great at data dissemination.
Advantages in detection? Can you prove it or explain it? Rest of the features have more to do with the background computer rather than the radar itself.

Yes AESA is more advanced in terms of EW. But I doubt you will use it for EW when you already have SPECTRA. EW mode may have value for smaller fighters such as Tejas mk2 or really big ones such that Su35 where AESA will have some real power.
 

p2prada

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Can you make a comparison of Su-30, Rafale and Mig-29K in terms of RCS, practical weapons load, range with practical load, Type of weapons carried, Known capability of sensors etc. Please take only the capabilities which are available in already built planes, and not what is happening in labs.
I'll keep it simple.

RCS
Su-30 = ~12m2
Mig-29K = ~1m2
Rafale = ~0.1m2

Best ranges with tanks
Su-30 = 2500-3000Km (on internal)
Mig-29K = 3000 Km with three drop tanks
Rafale = 3700+ Km with three drop tanks (CFTs are available) Actual range in the region of 4500 Km with CFT.

Sensors:
Radar
Su-30 = Bars PESA - 130 Km for a 3m2 RCS
Bars Phase 1 - 200 Km for 3m2 (estimate)
Eventually be upgraded with Bars Phase 2 AESA. Estimate ~500 Km for 3m2.

Mig-29K = Zhuk-ME MS - 120 Km for a 5m2

Rafale RBE-2AA AESA - 200+ Km for 3m2

EW suite
Su-30 = Tarang Mk3 RWR + Israelis EL/L 8222 jammer (Ancient now)
Mig-29K = Same
Rafale = Spectra AESA EW suite, GaAs. Currently flying with GaN on a test bed.

IRST/Cam
Su-30 - OLS-30 - 90 Km against aerial target - 2 color system (You just see dots)
Mig-29K - OLS-29 - 90 Km against aerial target - 2 color system

Rafale - FSO - 130 Km against aerial target - QWIP (Creates a visual image of the entire target, hence target can be attacked at sensitive regions, like the cockpit, instead of just chasing engine heat)
TV Camera is also available and works at great ranges. Zoom functions available that give the Rafale a visual hawk-eye. So the pilot can actually see the target at 50+Km ranges.

MAWS/LWS
Su-30 = None
Mig-29K = None
Rafale = DDM - 4 sensors around the aircraft meant to pick up missiles and other aerial targets

There are much more subtle differences that come up when you do a system vs system comparison. Apart from the fact that Rafale's sensors suite is more advanced, it can also perform multiple functions at once. And some capabilities are far in excess compared to the other two. Like, when it comes to ground attack, the RBE-2 PESA alone can attack 6 targets on the ground at once while also engaging a bunch of targets in the air. The AESA version's capabilities are classified. Su-30 and Mig-29K can only attack two targets on the ground at once and none in the air at the same time.

Due to networking and fusion of sensors, other assets can also monitor Rafale's attacks. A soldier on the ground can watch the real time destruction of a target instead of waiting for confirmation later. Top brass can be watching the same at HQ.

Sensor fusion
Su-30 = None
Mig-29K = None
Rafale = The best available today. All sensors complement each other.

Weapons and payloads are similar with the exception that European weapons are currently more advanced in many ways, like QWIP seekers in IR seekers than the crappy two band system on R-73/74. Rafale beats both Su-30 and Mig-29K in terms of range. Rafale beats Mig-29K in terms of payload.
 

p2prada

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Advantages in detection? Can you prove it or explain it? Rest of the features have more to do with the background computer rather than the radar itself
It has less to do with the computer and more to do with the hardware and software. The ability to change the power of each module gives you the option of switching between high and low gain antennas to get the best result. So, you can choreograph the antenna to perform multiple tasks at one. This way the radar is performing volume scan, target tracking, PD scanning and other modes all at the same time. So you are studying all the basic characteristics at once on AESA. On a PESA you can't perform all of them at the same time. You definitely need processing power, but it is secondary considering you need the radar hardware first.

The actual radar modes and functions of an AESA are still classified, so we don't know the modes available. But it is generally established that the AESA's abilities are much better than PESA in all categories.



LPI alone increases the ability of a radar by many, many times. Actually any radar can perform LPI, it is just that AESA takes it to an entirely new level.

Yes AESA is more advanced in terms of EW. But I doubt you will use it for EW when you already have SPECTRA. EW mode may have value for smaller fighters such as Tejas mk2 or really big ones such that Su35 where AESA will have some real power.
We don't need high power systems for EW, we need very low power now, in the region of tens of watts. The entire radar is not used for EW, but only a part of it. The value of a radar based EW is important for all types of fighters, not just one or two.

The antenna surface is also much larger, hence greater ability to intercept signals. Naturally it is restricted in the X band, so the system is used more in attacking X band radars and seekers rather than other types.

Yes, Rafale will use Spectra more, but I was comparing AESA to PESA/MS.
 

sgarg

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You are not comparing apples to apples for all parameters. The ones I could see just by reading through your post:

1. Range - you gave range of Su-30 on internal fuel only, but gave a range for Rafale and Mig-29K with drop tanks. The range should be given for all planes on internal fuel only.

2. RCS - 12 sq m for Su-30 and 1 sq m for Mig-29K - does not make any sense as Mig is not so much smaller compared to Su-30. If RCS reduction can be achieved in Mig-29K, it can possibly be achieved in Su-30 also at least to the same ratio as both planes are coming from the same technology base. Add to that the fact that India already has RCS reducing paint (or coating) technology. Your RCS of 0.1 sq meter for Rafale makes no sense at all. Please quote your source.

3. IRST range - All the ranges quoted by you seem too high to me. Please quote your sources.

4. Missile warning - Both Su-30 and Mig-29K have Tarang RWR. The old tech does not mean equipment does not work. What is the difference in real battle scenario?

5. "RBE-2 PESA can attack 6 land targets at once while attacking bunch of targets in the air" - seems like a very fuzzy statement to me. Source please? Again the problem is the chatter on the Web is highly inflated. What tests have been done to prove this capability?

6. Radar detection range - You are saying that proposed Su-30 AESA and proposed Rafale AESA having similar detection range whereas Mig-29K PESA radar has a much lower detection range.
If Mig-29K is fitted with AESA radar in future, the detection range issue goes away.

What I have heard is that Su-30 radar can detect planes taking off from Pakistan's air bases that are quite set off from border. So a Su-30 can actually track PAF planes right from the time of taking off. I am not sure what more you need in terms of capability.

When you talk of China, the mountainous terrain will make it difficult to see very far. As for a Rafale undertaking a deep penetration mission in China, it will encounter heavy resistance from fighters as well as ground based air defence batteries. It remains to be seen how effective Rafale would be in such scenario.
 

sgarg

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The best option for India (for nuke delivery in China) is perhaps F-22 or similar stealth plane. Rafale as a deep penetration aircraft simply does not make sense with its external fuel tanks sacrificing RCS and maneuverability.

Rafale does have good internal fuel capacity, so yes it can be a good option for air defence. How much better compared to other fighters is the issue though.

Rafale - good plane but wildly expensive. If Mr Jaitley has to keep his head above water, he will do well to bury this deal despite resistance from IAF. Let IAF eat shit for running a seriously flawed competition.
 

sgarg

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RCS for Su-30MKI is likely to be around 4 sq meter. For Mig-21Bison and Mig-29K, it should be around 3 sq meter.
For Rafale it should be around 1 sq meter.

Radar Cross Section (RCS)

The growth in AWACS in our neighbourhood means that our planes are unlikely to be hidden as AWACS has ability to detect cruise missiles with much lower than 1 sq meter at long ranges.

Su-30 or Rafale, both will be visible.
 

Dhairya Yadav

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The best option for India (for nuke delivery in China) is perhaps F-22 or similar stealth plane. Rafale as a deep penetration aircraft simply does not make sense with its external fuel tanks sacrificing RCS and maneuverability.

Rafale does have good internal fuel capacity, so yes it can be a good option for air defence. How much better compared to other fighters is the issue though.

Rafale - good plane but wildly expensive. If Mr Jaitley has to keep his head above water, he will do well to bury this deal despite resistance from IAF. Let IAF eat shit for running a seriously flawed competition.
F22 is somewhat inferior when you compare it with F35, ET and Rafale when avionics is concerned. Only after some upgrades, it would retain its superior position in world.
Nuke delivery missions dont need much maneuverability. When carrying a nuke , a fighter mostly doesnt carry any other offensive weapons. An example would be Mirage 2000N . It is primary Nuclear Standoff weapon of France and it doesnt even have a Gun .
If not Rafale, What do you recommend ? No Aircraft in MMRCA is comparable to Rafale except ET. However, even though ET's cost is lower, it is indicated that its Life cycle costs are very high. Life cycle cost of Rafale is what attracted IAF the most.
MoD is actually very impressed with Rafale's capability and is looking to increase the order to 180+ planes, to get some discount on each plane as it would be a larger bulk order.
 
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Immanuel

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I'll keep it simple.

RCS
Su-30 = ~12m2
Mig-29K = ~1m2
Rafale = ~0.1m2

Best ranges with tanks
Su-30 = 2500-3000Km (on internal)
Mig-29K = 3000 Km with three drop tanks
Rafale = 3700+ Km with three drop tanks (CFTs are available) Actual range in the region of 4500 Km with CFT.

Sensors:
Radar
Su-30 = Bars PESA - 130 Km for a 3m2 RCS
Bars Phase 1 - 200 Km for 3m2 (estimate)
Eventually be upgraded with Bars Phase 2 AESA. Estimate ~500 Km for 3m2.

Mig-29K = Zhuk-ME MS - 120 Km for a 5m2

Rafale RBE-2AA AESA - 200+ Km for 3m2

EW suite
Su-30 = Tarang Mk3 RWR + Israelis EL/L 8222 jammer (Ancient now)
Mig-29K = Same
Rafale = Spectra AESA EW suite, GaAs. Currently flying with GaN on a test bed.

IRST/Cam
Su-30 - OLS-30 - 90 Km against aerial target - 2 color system (You just see dots)
Mig-29K - OLS-29 - 90 Km against aerial target - 2 color system

Rafale - FSO - 130 Km against aerial target - QWIP (Creates a visual image of the entire target, hence target can be attacked at sensitive regions, like the cockpit, instead of just chasing engine heat)
TV Camera is also available and works at great ranges. Zoom functions available that give the Rafale a visual hawk-eye. So the pilot can actually see the target at 50+Km ranges.

MAWS/LWS
Su-30 = None
Mig-29K = None
Rafale = DDM - 4 sensors around the aircraft meant to pick up missiles and other aerial targets

There are much more subtle differences that come up when you do a system vs system comparison. Apart from the fact that Rafale's sensors suite is more advanced, it can also perform multiple functions at once. And some capabilities are far in excess compared to the other two. Like, when it comes to ground attack, the RBE-2 PESA alone can attack 6 targets on the ground at once while also engaging a bunch of targets in the air. The AESA version's capabilities are classified. Su-30 and Mig-29K can only attack two targets on the ground at once and none in the air at the same time.

Due to networking and fusion of sensors, other assets can also monitor Rafale's attacks. A soldier on the ground can watch the real time destruction of a target instead of waiting for confirmation later. Top brass can be watching the same at HQ.

Sensor fusion
Su-30 = None
Mig-29K = None
Rafale = The best available today. All sensors complement each other.

Weapons and payloads are similar with the exception that European weapons are currently more advanced in many ways, like QWIP seekers in IR seekers than the crappy two band system on R-73/74. Rafale beats both Su-30 and Mig-29K in terms of range. Rafale beats Mig-29K in terms of payload.
All the Rafale Specs are heavily inflated at best, its AESA ranges are lower than the Block 60s, the IRST is at best similar in ranges to the OLS. As for the Jammers, well yet to be case where the Spectra could effectively jam even a regular block 50, let alone an MKI. You severly at best underestimate the jammers and ECM on current 4th and 4.5 gen aircraft. In a 1vs1, Mig-29K/Rafale/MKI, both will have degraded performance i.e missile launch evelope will decrease and in such cases the R-27/OLS combo allows for better launch envelopes even if degraded, Mica can't match that, hence the newest R-27 version were ordered for the MKI/29 fleets. The Mig-29K is a formidable enemy in its current stage, we'll talk about Rafale when it gets a helmet that can cue targets operationally.
Also some sources for your claims would help your post
 

Immanuel

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F22 is somewhat inferior when you compare it with F35, ET and Rafale when avionics is concerned. Only after some upgrades, it would retain its superior position in world.
Nuke delivery missions dont need much maneuverability. When carrying a nuke , a fighter mostly doesnt carry any other offensive weapons. An example would be Mirage 2000N . It is primary Nuclear Standoff weapon of France and it doesnt even have a Gun .
If not Rafale, What do you recommend ? No Aircraft in MMRCA is comparable to Rafale except ET. However, even though ET's cost is lower, it is indicated that its Life cycle costs are very high. Life cycle cost of Rafale is what attracted IAF the most.
MoD is actually very impressed with Rafale's capability and is looking to increase the order to 180+ planes, to get some discount on each plane as it would be a larger bulk order.
F-22 is not inferior to the F-35 and certainly not the Rafale, F-22 had adequqtae tech to supress all comers and thats what matters. It still has no real worthy competitor that stands a chance in a real combat scenario, whether in BVR/WVR, the F-22 will always shoot first and talk later.

As for the Life Cycle costs, well it is already confirmed that the price & cost eveluation of both fighters was shoddy and plenty of items were 'forgotten' by the Dassault camp hence the massive cost escalation, the Rafale is not really the L-1 if the EF counter offer is lower as suggested.
 

Dhairya Yadav

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F-22 is not inferior to the F-35 and certainly not the Rafale, F-22 had adequqtae tech to supress all comers and thats what matters. It still has no real worthy competitor that stands a chance in a real combat scenario, whether in BVR/WVR, the F-22 will always shoot first and talk later.

As for the Life Cycle costs, well it is already confirmed that the price & cost eveluation of both fighters was shoddy and plenty of items were 'forgotten' by the Dassault camp hence the massive cost escalation, the Rafale is not really the L-1 if the EF counter offer is lower as suggested.
F22 has been out of production for past 7 years . The US Congress was critical of the project , as what you mentioned that It has no real competitor and also its stupidly high costs.
I consider Rafale deal much similar to F22 program. Yes, its one of the most advanced fighters, but it too has stupidly high costs.
If someone says Rafale is not worth the money, I would somewhat agree. But , if someone says Rafale is inferior to Mirage , Tejas etc, I would disagree.

If the 180+ Rafale proposition brings down the cost of Rafale measurably, I would say Do It. We need a fighter of that calibre.

US an EU's other nation are just trying to torpedo Rafale project, as France is one of the select countries in the world among US, Russia to have self reliant defence industry.
Not that it should have any effect on the deal, I say go for the value for money fighter.
I strongly think that MoD will try hard to bargain, hell, I say , start talking to EADS, BAE for ET , just to pressurize Dassault . They will buckle down under pressure, I guarantee that.
as they desperately need export orders for Rafale.

However , This thread is unduly being occupied by Rafale. Lets end this Rafale saga on Su30MKI thread. :)
 

Immanuel

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Well the high costs they can live with, considering the F-22 still delivers Day 1 go to war capability and they will surely at the tip of the spear of any massive engagements against any serious threat. Moreover, the costs are justified, for what is does well, its good, it still remains the only 5th Gen fighter with true stealth, considering the last stealth bomber the B-2 cost well over 2 billion a unit.

I agree that the Rafal deal should have 200 fighters at a lower total cost and then they can sign it
 

p2prada

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You are not comparing apples to apples for all parameters. The ones I could see just by reading through your post:

1. Range - you gave range of Su-30 on internal fuel only, but gave a range for Rafale and Mig-29K with drop tanks. The range should be given for all planes on internal fuel only.
The range I have given states "best range." The reason we can't compare just internal fuel for Rafale and Mig-29K is because when they are on strike missions, they will fly with tanks. This is a real world comparison.

2. RCS - 12 sq m for Su-30 and 1 sq m for Mig-29K - does not make any sense as Mig is not so much smaller compared to Su-30. If RCS reduction can be achieved in Mig-29K, it can possibly be achieved in Su-30 also at least to the same ratio as both planes are coming from the same technology base. Add to that the fact that India already has RCS reducing paint (or coating) technology. Your RCS of 0.1 sq meter for Rafale makes no sense at all. Please quote your source.
RCS isn't calculated like that. B-2 bomber is 10 times bigger than a Mig-29. It's payload alone is twice the weight of the Mig-29K, but its RCS is 0.0001m2.

As for Rafale, it has been stated to be between 10 to 20 times smaller than Mirage-2000 in terms of RCS. The Mirage-2000's RCS is 1m2.

Your lack of knowledge is not my fault. you can google the source.

3. IRST range - All the ranges quoted by you seem too high to me. Please quote your sources.
OLS-35
http://defenceforumindia.com/forum/indian-air-force/32861-know-your-rafale-8.html#post522282

4. Missile warning - Both Su-30 and Mig-29K have Tarang RWR. The old tech does not mean equipment does not work. What is the difference in real battle scenario?
You don't get it. RWR is just a radar warner. MAWS and LWS are entirely different. If you launch a missile from 50 Km away, the Missile Approach Warning System will pick up the missile. MAWS come in two types, active and passive. Active system like the one on EF consists of antennas that work like radar. They detect airborne missiles. A passive MAWS can either be infrared or ultraviolet. Both have their uses. Rafale has an infrared detector which detects heat from the missile, be it the burner or skin friction. The F-35's EODAS can detect ballistic missile launches from 800 Km away. So, Rafale's MAWS is quite similar. RWR is worthless in this scenario because it requires the missile's seeker to be switched on. By the time the RWR picks up the missile it will be too late because the missile is already within its No Escape Zone.

This is Rafale's new DDM-NG.


This is what it sees.


Then comes the LWS or the Laser Warning System. Laser is emitted by IRST in order to detect range before a missile is launched. The LWS is meant to detect this laser.

Su-30MKI and Mig-29K don't have these. Only Malaysian Su-30MKM, Su-35 and Mig-35 comes with MAWS and LWS.

5. "RBE-2 PESA can attack 6 land targets at once while attacking bunch of targets in the air" - seems like a very fuzzy statement to me. Source please? Again the problem is the chatter on the Web is highly inflated. What tests have been done to prove this capability?
The more I read your posts the more I realize your all your opinions on aircraft are entirely worthless.

The Rafale As Canada's Next Fighter – Part 2 | Ottawa Citizen
Using it, a Rafale is able to destroy six different ground targets across a wide area simultaneously.
I would recommend going through the Know Your Rafale thread. I never realized I was wasting time with your posts.

6. Radar detection range - You are saying that proposed Su-30 AESA and proposed Rafale AESA having similar detection range whereas Mig-29K PESA radar has a much lower detection range.
If Mig-29K is fitted with AESA radar in future, the detection range issue goes away.
You read it wrong. Read what I posted about radar again.

And Mig-29K's radar is a mechanical scan radar, it is neither AESA nor PESA. And Rafale's radar is not proposed, it is an operational radar which has already been deployed.

If you are talking about the future, then the stuff on Rafale will be even more insane. Mig-29's MLU will be around the same time as the French start the MLU process for Rafale. And Russia won't spend a lot of money on Mig-29K while the French plan to spend humongous amounts on Rafale, along with IAF.

What I have heard is that Su-30 radar can detect planes taking off from Pakistan's air bases that are quite set off from border. So a Su-30 can actually track PAF planes right from the time of taking off. I am not sure what more you need in terms of capability.
You can make calls using any mobile phone, so why do you need a smart phone?

When you talk of China, the mountainous terrain will make it difficult to see very far. As for a Rafale undertaking a deep penetration mission in China, it will encounter heavy resistance from fighters as well as ground based air defence batteries. It remains to be seen how effective Rafale would be in such scenario.
Are you telling me the Himalayas can go up to heights of 18 Km?

Are you telling me the Himalayas extend 3000 Km to the north and 3000 Km to the south?

Ever heard of the word called "plains"?

You need to learn your geography too.
 

p2prada

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All the Rafale Specs are heavily inflated at best, its AESA ranges are lower than the Block 60s, the IRST is at best similar in ranges to the OLS.
:facepalm:

As for the Jammers, well yet to be case where the Spectra could effectively jam even a regular block 50, let alone an MKI.
A single Rafale flew against 3 Singaporean Block 50/52s and beat them.
 

p2prada

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As said before, some sources for your claims would be nice. UAE dropped the Rafale because it was far more expensive and for a far lower price F-16 Block 61 would offer mostly the same capability

UAE requests Block 61 F-16s, and upgrades to Block 60 fighters - IHS Jane's 360
The Koreans rejected the F-15 for the F-35. So what's your point?

The UAE deal is lost only if one of them confirms the news.

As for the source on the Singapore tests, it is lost in the deep chasm called the Internet. It was news back in 2009.
 

sgarg

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The range I have given states "best range." The reason we can't compare just internal fuel for Rafale and Mig-29K is because when they are on strike missions, they will fly with tanks. This is a real world comparison.
Su-30 range can be extended by aerial refuelling. But realistically its range is sufficient for the missions it is needed.

You buy stuff according to need.

I get your point. Rafale has some equipment that is more advanced than MKI though this seems overkill to me.

I doubt that IAF can aspire for and afford the best the world has to offer. Ultimately it is a combination of need and affordability.

I think India needs single engine fighters in very large numbers. They consume less fuel, and are relatively inexpensive and better fit into India's defensive mindset.
 

sgarg

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The money saved from Rafale deal should be used to build Indian industry. India needs investment into labs, fabrication facilities, test facilities, and manufacturing facilities for a range of equipment.

My conclusion - Rafale may be the best plane in the world but the deal is not happening. When a contract is awarded for $9B and then later the actual cost rises up to $22B, I can assure you GOI procurement procedures have no way to adjust this price.
 

p2prada

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Su-30 range can be extended by aerial refuelling. But realistically its range is sufficient for the missions it is needed.

You buy stuff according to need.
Is that why the Russians have added drop tanks to the Su-35 and Su-34 and increased their ranges by another 1000 Km, when their internal fuel ranges were already higher than the MKI?

This is the upgraded IAF Mig-29 with a CFT on top.


This a Su-34 with PTB-3000, 3000L tank. This is over the 12 tonnes in fuel that it already carries inside.


I am actually hoping the IAF adds wetpoints to the MKI for at least 2 PTB-2000, 2000L drop tanks, same as the Su-35. I also want IAF to lose the airbrakes in exchange for an extra fuel tank, so internal fuel will be 10.5 tonnes instead of 9.6 tonnes today. This is possible in the Super Sukhoi upgrade. Both have been done on Su-35. There is nothing called having enough range.

I get your point. Rafale has some equipment that is more advanced than MKI though this seems overkill to me.
There is nothing called overkill. If the Starship Enterprise was available, I would support its purchase.

We buy warmachines for war, not for show and tell.

I doubt that IAF can aspire for and afford the best the world has to offer. Ultimately it is a combination of need and affordability.
We can afford it.

I had already posted this before so let me post it again. Back in 2000 our defense budget was $10 Billion. From 2000 until 2015 we should have spent $25 Billion in fighter jets alone. That's $15 Billion in MKI, $4 Billion in Mirage-2000, $2 Billion in Mig-29, apart from LCA, Hawks and Pilatus. And all assorted expenditure in training and maintenance. Not including the money we may have already spent on Super MKI. And not including the navy's purchase of jets. Now imagine how much we have spent on other aircraft as well, like Phalcons, DRDO-CABS AEW&C, C-17, C-130J, IL-78MKI, IL-214, A330 etc. The C-17 alone was $4.1 Billion, we have ordered 6 more and plan to order a dozen more after that. But when it comes to fighter jets alone we have spend $25 Billion. That's 2.5 times more than our defense budget in 2000.

Our defense budget in 2015 should be at $40 billion. If we apply the same 2.5 times increase then from 2015 to 2030 we should be spending 40*2.5 = $100 Billion. If we take Rafale at $20 Billion and FGFA at $30 Billion, that only comes up to half the amount. It means in the next 15 years we can not only spend on Rafale and FGFA, but we can also take up two more projects the same size as Rafale and FGFA with little issues. This extra money can be spent on AMCA, AURA etc. So you see how all of this suddenly makes sense.

We can easily afford Rafale.

I think India needs single engine fighters in very large numbers. They consume less fuel, and are relatively inexpensive and better fit into India's defensive mindset.
It's pointless. We need the power of twin engines just to sustain operations over the Himalayas while carrying decent payloads. If we use single engine jets, we won't be able to take the war into China, we will end up fighting over our own skies. That was the plan before, but no longer the plan today.

We do not have a defensive mindset anymore.

Indian Army s 15 year land warfare capability roadmap - SP's Land Forces
The TPCR envisages that the future land battlefield will extend beyond immediate geographical space and physical domain with the increasing ability of the warring sides to look deep into each other's territory.

The battle would overlap through multi spectral domains, i.e., conventional, sub-conventional and non conventional.

The futuristic aerial platforms must comprise advanced avionics, state-of-the-art navigation and weapon systems. The aircraft must have high reliability and survivability in an electronically dense environment. (Single engine aircraft can't do all this.)
Indian Army alone cannot meet the twin threats of Pakistan and China
It is an open secret that the Indian Air Force (IAF) opposes the CDS. Unlike the tactical air force that it was, since the arrival of Su-30 aircraft, it talks about strategic reach. Moving away as a support service to the IA, the IAF is building capabilities for effect-based operations. This implies an emphasis on offensive counter-air operations, which would by its effect assist land operations.
It (IA) is transforming from a threat-based to a capability-based force to meet challenges of the entire spectrum of war below the nuclear threshold.
India plans US$10bn mountain strike corps to counter China|Politics|News|WantChinaTimes.com
India is building a new 620-billion-rupee (US$10 billion) mountain strike corps to counter China along the China-India border in the northeastern part of the country, according to a report from the New Delhi-based Hindustan Times.
The time you are thinking about is gone.
 
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sgarg

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1. Mountain strike corps - India is a continental power and is generally obsessed with land warfare. You have to understand in that context.

Just raising a corp will not guarantee that India can get deep into Tibet with this force. India has no overwhelming advantage vis-a-vis China that guarantees success of a deep thrust into China. However these additional soldiers can fill the gaps as perceived by army leadership to defend territory.

2. Capability maps etc. will not do any good if these are not in tune with country's industrial capability.

3. The twin threats of India and China require very significant growth in domestic military industrial base. Otherwise you will lose far too many soldiers in such a scenario. You will need a quantity of weapons that you can never import even in your dreams.

4. Your "affordability calculations" are wrong. Even if you take average of 6B USD per year for IAF capital purchases for next 15 years, that has to be split over quite a few programs. Even if you take half of it for fighter purchases, there is no way IAF can dish out $22B just for Rafale.
 

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