Main Battle Tanks and Armour Technology

If Tanks have to evolve, which path they should follow?

  • Light Vehicles-Best for mobility

    Votes: 25 7.3%
  • Heavy Armour-Can take heavy punishment.

    Votes: 57 16.7%
  • Modular Design-Allowing dynamic adaptions.

    Votes: 198 58.1%
  • Universal Platform-Best for logistics.

    Votes: 61 17.9%

  • Total voters
    341

hest

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As I know there are no plans buying Rogatka -yes?
Yes, there are. In fact in document which I shown tanks for modernisation on these and next year will be 101 T-72B2 (Rogatka). Simple upgrade was only for 2011 and is no longer.

So what is so super behind Leo2A4 level in T-72BA1? I can see only one real advantages - Sosna-U and it's better only due to Cetherina thermo...
For simple upgrade, basically firepower and FCS, gun with modern ammunition Svinets-1 (thought L/44 with Dm-53 is still good), guided missile, thermal sight allowing better bad weather and night performance.

Rest is more or less similar, except mobility but it is still decent and not as critical aspect.

But there will be no more such modernsiation, in favour of Rogatka.
@Damian, te difrence between EGS, NGP, TTB, TankBlockIII and Ob195/Armata is that -Armata will be exist, and rest programs where closed.
So even if Armata will be refresh Ob.195 whit simpler FCS (not multichannel whit full auto mode) then it will be better tnak then whole rest now. And It will forced refresh rest tanks in Germany and USA, and maybe in France.
And there is no alternatvie for Armata in Russia now. And fact that army don't buy "new" Ob.188A1/A2 and Ob.188M clerly shown that there is no real alternative.Propably Armata will be 2-3 years later, propably production will be slower and smaller then is claimed now, but there is no alternative for Armata. This tnak is "to be or not to be" for UVZ. Like Kurganiec-25 for Kurganmasz.
Indeed all those Western programmes ceased in 90s with end of Cold War.

About T-90AM, it has yet to pass trials for decision to be made, there is no official position, but everything is possible.
 
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Damian

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1 Modernisation can be more effective path for those who actually have good planning. And which countries, USA or Europe purchase new production ?
USA is actually purchasing new tanks. The modernization is not even a good word for what is done in JSMC, it is actually, something we can call remanufacturing. Hull is cut and then welded again, and turrets are completely new.

2 Same as in US where production line was not closed only because of lobbysm.
Better read what US Army officials said, what GDLS/JSMC said and what politicians said.

US Army didn't said it does not want new tanks, they said, that they want to pause production to save money and redirect them in to R&D program of the newer more advanced variant, or rather for M1 redesign and modernization. GDLS said that ok but this means that during pause worker without a work can find a new job and restarting production might be expensive and difficult task, so the consensus was that US Army will stop purchasing tanks, but GDLS will work on foreing orders and eventually there will be orders from smaller branches like ARNG and USMC.

So before You will say something, check all sources.

There is always a political aspect, but I consider workers, jobs, scientifical developement...
Russia lost all solid scientific base when LKZ had been closed and KMDB stayed in independent Ukraine.

@Damian, te difrence between EGS, NGP, TTB, TankBlockIII and Ob195/Armata is that -Armata will be exist, and rest programs where closed.
So even if Armata will be refresh Ob.195 whit simpler FCS (not multichannel whit full auto mode) then it will be better tnak then whole rest now. And It will forced refresh rest tanks in Germany and USA, and maybe in France.
1) If "Armata" will be purchased, remember if.
2) Yes if "Armata" will be manufactuerd, then it will be catalyst for USA, Germany, perhaps also France to start their own programs for new MBT.

And there is no alternatvie for Armata in Russia now. And fact that army don't buy "new" Ob.188A1/A2 and Ob.188M clerly shown that there is no real alternative.Propably Armata will be 2-3 years later, propably production will be slower and smaller then is claimed now, but there is no alternative for Armata. This tnak is "to be or not to be" for UVZ. Like Kurganiec-25 for Kurganmasz.
Oh You know, I will not cry if UVZ will bancrupt
 
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hest

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USA is actually purchasing new tanks. The modernization is not even a good word for what is done in JSMC, it is actually, something we can call remanufacturing. Hull is cut and then welded again, and turrets are completely new.
Costly work and necessary otherwise plant will no longer be able to operate. In UVZ there is continous production for export, T-90S for Algeria, etc.




Maybe instead of reading stupid news from mass media, better read what US Army officials said, what GDLS/JSMC said and what politicians said.

US Army didn't said it does not want new tanks, they said, that they want to pause production to save money and redirect them in to R&D program of the newer more advanced variant, or rather for M1 redesign and modernization. GDLS said that ok but this means that during pause worker without a work can find a new job and restarting production might be expensive and difficult task, so the consensus was that US Army will stop purchasing tanks, but GDLS will work on foreing orders and eventually there will be orders from smaller branches like ARNG and USMC.
It is an example of opposition to Army intention and decision made for different reason, lobbysm, and it is everywhere.

Russia lost all solid scientific base when LKZ had been closed and KMDB stayed in independent Ukraine.
Well, this joke. In fact Ukraine had to set entirely new production with cooperation as optical, gun production, armour, etc facilities were lost.


1) If "Armata" will be purchased, remember if.
2) Yes if "Armata" will be manufactuerd, then it will be catalyst for USA, Germany, perhaps also France to start their own programs for new MBT.
Should it be produced, you think it will be simple for the rest ?
 

Damian

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Costly work and necessary otherwise plant will no longer be able to operate. In UVZ there is continous production for export, T-90S for Algeria, etc.
You know so little, new tanks are also manufactured by GDLS for export.

GDLS manufactured 1,130 M1A1's for Egypt, 218 for Kuwait and 373 for Saudi Arabia, 1,721 total, these were new builds, how many new builded T-90's UVZ sold? 985. ;)


It is an example of opposition to Army intention and decision made for different reason, lobbysm, and it is everywhere.

Well, this joke. In fact Ukraine had to set entirely new production with cooperation as optical, gun production, armour, etc facilities were lost.
The only joke here is UVZ and UKBTM with incompetent staff.

Should it be produced, you think it will be simple for the rest ?
Of course it will be, because mechanical components like engines, transmissions, suspension systems are allready there, ready for production, FCS, thermal sights, electronics, everything is allready there, armament is allready there, be it Rh-120/L55 or XM360E1

There is such think like know how, and even if something that was designed, but was not inducted in to service, is not lost, but can be used later.

Besides this, NATO countries have such advantage that they can share their technology and design solutions in form of licences, and because of deper mutual trust, it is easier for Germany-USA cooperation that Germany-Russia cooperation with full transfer of technology and knowledge.
 
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hest

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You know so little, new tanks are also manufactured by GDLS for export.

GDLS manufactured 1,130 M1A1's for Egypt, 218 for Kuwait and 373 for Saudi Arabia, 1,721 total, these were new builds, how many new builded T-90's UVZ sold? 985. ;)
That was before, now there is no such export order, so redundant production is necessary. UVZ had always strong orders and more in respective period.



The only joke here is UVZ and UKBTM with incompetent staff.
So they are first on export market.

Of course it will be, because mechanical components like engines, transmissions, suspension systems are allready there, ready for production, FCS, thermal sights, electronics, everything is allready there, armament is allready there, be it Rh-120/L55 or XM360E1.
What there is available does not serve if you pretend to be on level, but strong developement efforts are needed. About guns

You know, in civilized world there is such think like know how, and even if something that was designed, but was not inducted in to service, is not lost, but can be used later.

Besides this, NATO countries have such advantage that they can share their technology and design solutions in form of licences, and because of deper mutual trust, it is easier for Germany-USA cooperation that Germany-Russia cooperation with full transfer of technology and knowledge.[/QUOTE]
 

Damian

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That was before, now there is no such export order, so redundant production is necessary. UVZ had always strong orders and more in respective period.


This is a document from DSCA which means that Morocco needs only to wait for Congress approval.

Oh and there's more.

http://www.dsca.osd.mil/pressreleases/36-b/2006/Saudi Arabia_06-31.pdf

Saudis send documents around 2006, and the upgrade process was not finished yet, so GDLS will have a lot of work, because currently Saudis payed only for ~200+ tanks, ~100+ are still waiting for funding in Saudi Arabia.

Oh and look, there is more - Taiwan considering used Abrams MBT purchase from US - Army Technology

In USA nobody will let production facility to just die. US Army needs to redirect funds in to R&D phase of the new, more advanced and redesigned variant of the M1, so they want to cease their purchases so the R&D will get more funding and will be quicker, this means a stop in orders from 2014 to 2017 - 3 years, but in the same time, JSMC will work on USMC orders, possible ARNG orders, and for foreing military sales.

UVZ is just reduntant junk company, with incompetent staff, and is making money on obsolete junk mostly like the T-72 series. Not to mention that UVZ by it's mafia like actions, unfair lobbying, destroyed all promising options for russian tank building and designing operations, when goverment sponsored that company and let others like LKZ/OKBTM bancrupt, and ceased all contacts with KMDB. So my best wishes that these criminals will bancrupt one day.

Oh BTW, GDLS is just one division of General Dynamics, there is also GDELS in Europe that is also well prospering, and GDLS Canada, General Dynamics on it's own is one of the biggest military companies on this planet, they are also manufacturing ships for US Navy.

UVZ is just a tiny something from a small town compared to General Dynamics.

http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/production/Top100

It is not even possible to compare tiny UVZ with well prospering companies like GD.

So they are first on export market.
And what means first on market?

I did not seen any highly developed country in Europe, North America or even Asia to purchase UVZ products, even Indians are not completely happy and considers upgrade program from KMDB.

And let's face it, incompetent engineers from UVZ are not even capable to properly instal ERA on their tanks.

What there is available does not serve if you pretend to be on level, but strong developement efforts are needed.
 
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hest

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You would first check what is going on outside Russia, well for example this:


This is a document from DSCA which means that Morocco needs only to wait for Congress approval.

Oh and there's more.

Saudis send documents around 2006, and the upgrade process was not finished yet, so GDLS will have a lot of work, because currently Saudis payed only for ~200+ tanks, ~100+ are still waiting for funding in Saudi Arabia.
When they even want to close facility it tells that there is no production load from export as there is for example in UVZ and facility is not able to live without forced domestic purchase.

Should there be export success, it would be enought to just keep the production by itself.

Besides this, You are poorly educated being that seems to not understand what he is reading so I will explain You. In USA nobody will let production facility to just die. US Army needs to redirect funds in to R&D phase of the new, more advanced and redesigned variant of the M1, so they want to cease their purchases so the R&D will get more funding and will be quicker, this means a stop in orders from 2014 to 2017 - 3 years, but in the same time, JSMC will work on USMC orders, possible ARNG orders, and for foreing military sales.
Now for 2020 there is no more than "engineering proposal", early fase which is far from being a solid next gen programme.

UVZ is just reduntant junk company, with incompetent staff, and is making money on obsolete junk mostly like the T-72 series. Not to mention that UVZ by it's mafia like actions, unfair lobbying, destroyed all promising options for russian tank building and designing operations, when goverment sponsored that company and let others like LKZ/OKBTM bancrupt, and ceased all contacts with KMDB. So my best wishes that these criminals will bancrupt one day.
KBTM facility as well as design bureau entered in UVZ holding and continue their activities. KMDB is now in Ukraine.

Oh BTW, GDLS is just one division of General Dynamics, there is also GDELS in Europe that is also well prospering, and GDLS Canada, General Dynamics on it's own is one of the biggest military companies on this planet, they are also manufacturing ships for US Navy.

UVZ is just a tiny something from a small town compared to General Dynamics.
So much, when export fails, and much smaller companies have better scientifical base and give better, more succesfull products, for example German companies which took part in US GCV and numerous tenders.

Because it is an error to compare big conglomerates with specialised companies.

And what means first on market? Where they are first on market?

I did not seen any highly developed country in Europe, North America or even Asia to purchase UVZ products, even Indians are not completely happy and considers upgrade program from KMDB.
You should criticise GDLS and Abrams which lost all European competitions to Leopard 2, of KMW and Rheinmettal, much smaller companies :) and struggles to find export contracts.

T-90 alone is the most succesfull product and most produced for export.

And let's face it, incompetent engineers from UVZ are not even capable to properly instal ERA on their tanks.
Yeah, you should go and lecture them with your knowledge.
 
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hest

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Of course it will be, because mechanical components like engines, transmissions, suspension systems are allready there, ready for production, FCS, thermal sights, electronics, everything is allready there, armament is allready there, be it Rh-120/L55 or XM360E1.
And how do you consider all this, current engines, systems, without developement to be next generation ?

For the gun, RH-120 is not any perspective, because it is required to vastly increase energy to be effective, as will be in future Armata, capable to pierce throught all current tanks' frontal armour.

Also interesting thing, is that there are domestic developements of thermal sights of third generation based on newest technology, superior even to imported French, which will be incorporated in future vehicles.
 

Damian

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When they even want to close facility it tells that there is no production load from export as there is for example in UVZ and facility is not able to live without forced domestic purchase.

Should there be export success, it would be enought to just keep the production by itself.
They wanted a pause in production on tanks production line, the facility itself is manufacturing more types of armored fighting vehicles than tanks, but facility CEO shown his concersn about keeping workers that are responsible for tanks production, if these guys will gone during 3 years of lack of US Army orders then restarting production will be more expensive and more difficult, also there was a concern about subcontractors.
Should there be export success, it would be enought to just keep the production by itself.
They exported more M1's than Your beloved UVZ T-90's, so who should talk here about export success... other thing is that US didn't wanted to export tanks everywhere, there are other priorities for real superpower like maintaining it's dominance than competing with lesser countries... for example Russia.

Now for 2020 there is no more than "engineering proposal", early fase which is far from being a solid next gen programme.
And You think that program for next generation tank can't be started? USA is rich country compared to Russia where most people have lower life standards than in small Poland. Americans can do whatever they want.

KBTM facility as well as design bureau entered in UVZ holding and continue their activities. KMDB is now in Ukraine.
You think I do not know this? For OKBTM this is a tragedy to be under UVZ. KMDB is far more lucky.

So much, when export fails, and much smaller companies have better scientifical base and give better, more succesfull products, for example German companies which took part in US GCV and numerous tenders.

Because it is an error to compare big conglomerates with specialised companies.
US Army said that SAIC which was in the tender and was using German companies SPz Puma design, is not meeting requirements of US Army, SAIC was first one that was kicked out from competition.


You should criticise GDLS and Abrams which lost all European competitions to Leopard 2, of KMW and Rheinmettal, much smaller companies and struggles to find export contracts.

T-90 alone is the most succesfull product and most produced for export.
I will not criticize GDLS or M1 (it is M1 , Abrams is just honorable name, but US Army do not use it, there is official nomenclature with alfa numerical codes, and only these are used), as M1 is far more promising, perspective product than a T-90.

And Leopard 2 success is a different story.

Oh BTW because You not understand this little niuanse. GDLS is just a division of GD, that is specialized in AFV's designign and manufacturing. So it means that each GD division is like smaller company specialized in something.

This is how modern companies are structurized, and this is why they perform better on market, while companies like UVZ are somewhere, there behind strugling to survive.

Yeah, you should go and lecture them with your knowledge.
I do not need to, KMDB engineers for years are showing how poor are engineers in UVZ. Thery really aren't capable to properly place ERA on their tanks, and this is truth.
 
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Damian

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And how do you consider all this, current engines, systems, without developement to be next generation ?
And how do You know that without development. You are so stupid that You do not even understand that in the west there is no advertisement for next generation solutions when they are in the R&D phase.

West is not that stupid

For the gun, RH-120 is not any perspective, because it is required to vastly increase energy to be effective, as will be in future Armata, capable to pierce throught all current tanks' frontal armour.
New gun can emerge from Rh-120, besides this NATO had a know how and developed 140mm guns, that were successfully tested, if these will be needed, they will be inducted in to service.

As for "Armata", this is nothing more than Your wishfull thinking
 
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militarysta

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Damian, I have one small request or wish if You want:
Please try to discuss in more polite and gentle way. You are very agressive in discussion and many of your argument's are rude "ad personam". This way of writing makes your whole argumentation a little crappy - even if you had right and good argument then when You write in style:
-"You are so stupid that You"
-" is not that stupid like You or your masters"
-"Now You can go, and take Your prize from Your master"
-"You are really idiot"
-"Learn to read idiot, because the only thing You present here is that You are uneducated prick."
-" a wet dream of Yours... little slave"
-"listen idiot You think "
-"Oh look, little communist is hurt butted."
-"here is You, little useless Bellarussian on Putins leash"
-"Hey seriously, tell me, how it is to be a someones slave?"
You present yourself as rude, uncultured full of complex men.

And personnally I'm ashamed becouse both of us are the Poles, and when you write as quoted - you made shame for all people from Poland on western forums.

It's no offence - but You manner of sicussion is so rude that reading this toppic is difficult for so many crap here.
Think about that, becouse I know You and I know that you can talks on hight substantive level whithout beeing rude for other peopels.
 

LurkerBaba

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Yes please tone down on the Ad hominems. It's very difficult to edit out all the posts and deleting them would result in loss of valuable information
 

Damian

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Damian, I have one small request or wish if You want:
Please try to discuss in more polite and gentle way. You are very agressive in discussion and many of your argument's are rude "ad personam". This way of writing makes your whole argumentation a little crappy - even if you had right and good argument then when You write in style:
-"You are so stupid that You"
-" is not that stupid like You or your masters"
-"Now You can go, and take Your prize from Your master"
-"You are really idiot"
-"Learn to read idiot, because the only thing You present here is that You are uneducated prick."
-" a wet dream of Yours... little slave"
-"listen idiot You think "
-"Oh look, little communist is hurt butted."
-"here is You, little useless Bellarussian on Putins leash"
-"Hey seriously, tell me, how it is to be a someones slave?"
You present yourself as rude, uncultured full of complex men.

And personnally I'm ashamed becouse both of us are the Poles, and when you write as quoted - you made shame for all people from Poland on western forums.

It's no offence - but You manner of sicussion is so rude that reading this toppic is difficult for so many crap here.
Think about that, becouse I know You and I know that you can talks on hight substantive level whithout beeing rude for other peopels.
I can talk on high level with people that are worth to talk this way, and are listening.

I will not talk politely with a damn propagandist that is incapable to comprehend reality and to read with understanding... not to mention that Lidsky is bashing with mud all non russian developments.

I'am preaty much disgusted with people like him, with this silly homo sovieticus mentality.

Oh and BTW it is a known history in cirlces of interest how UVZ/UKBTM destroyed not only soviet tank industry but also Russian tank industry.

Maybe let's first start with history, take a look on T-72, You know what it is?

Well let's go back in history, in 1950's and 1960's Alexander Morozov was designing it's new revolutionary tank Object 430, later there was improved variant Object 432, that latter become T-64, but design had teething problems, so Soviet goverment authorities ordered UKBTM to design T-64 with simpler engine the V-45.

It was attempt to have a simpler design but unified with the more advanced ones.

Of course Leonid Kartsev knew that future of UKBTM depends on him, especially that his previous designs that were nothing more than further evolution of T-62, that was not very well designed tank, were also not successfull ones.

So what he done? Oh he just stole the general concept of new tank made by Morozov, and by replacing suspension and autoloader besides engine, + other smaller changes, he designed a T-72.

And voila the whole unification idea and end to an logistical nightmare died because of ambitions of people from UKBTM.

Of course it does not matters to them that they were not very talented tank designers. Actually which is a funny thing, UKBTM never designed tank on their own. Because during WWII Morozov team that was from Kharkiv, was located in Nizhny Tagil, and they were working there on T-34 series, T-44 and T-54, later when Morozov get back to Kharkiv, he abandoned T-54 series and left it to Kartsev team who was evolving the obsolete design.

I will wrote about this later. But I can assure You, history is interesting and shows, how incompetent people at UKBTM were and are, of course there were designers that were seeing a need for change, they designed a progressive design like Object 187, but this promising tank was rejected so history of the failed T-72 was continued in form of T-90... which later to be improved, used a turret design from Object 187.

So it is better to be carefull with UVZ/UKBTM, there were design bureaus much more ambitious that were working on their own designs, not stoling them from others.
 
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militarysta

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I can talk on high level with people that are worth to talk this way, and are listening.

I will not talk politely with a damn propagandist that is incapable to comprehend reality and to read with understanding... not to mention that Lidsky is bashing with mud all non russian developments.

I'am preaty much disgusted with people like him, with this silly homo sovieticus mentality.
Damian whole thing is not about Lidsky, but You and your extremlly rude kind of discussion here. And nothing explain beeing so rude and writing about "slaves" "uneducated prick." "idiots" etc.
And rudness, agrression and anger dosen't make your argument's better. In fact it's a sign of weenes in discussion not strenght.

And you are so lucky - on otvaga, NFOW, TankNet and other forums you will be benned for only one post in style what you present in last few pages.
And again think what peoples for other countres think about Poland on polish peoples when they red your post. Im personnaly shamed when im reading your posts here!
 

Akim

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Each of us is subject to ideology, no matter where he lives: in the West or in the East. Simply we must will convince each other, that our looks are correct.
 

Damian

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Damian whole thing is not about Lidsky, but You and your extremlly rude kind of discussion here. And nothing explain beeing so rude and writing about "slaves" "uneducated prick." "idiots" etc.
And rudness, agrression and anger dosen't make your argument's better. In fact it's a sign of weenes in discussion not strenght.
I really do not care about other people opinion about me, this does not matter, it becomes rather strange when You do care about others opinion. ;)

And again think what peoples for other countres think about Poland on polish peoples when they red your post. Im personnaly shamed when im reading your posts here!
If someone base his opinions about nation after talking with single representative of this nation, he is definetly idiot.

I'am difficult, I admit it, and I do not care if other people see me as asshole, I prefer to be an asshole who knows about what he is talking than a nice guy who is vulnerable to manipulation.

But we should back to the discussion.

The another interesting fact is that during 1980's, Minister of Defense of Soviet Union was deeply involved in to the T-80 program. It appears that before introduction of next generation MBT,they wanted to ease production, reduce costs and logistic issues by manufacturing only two tanks, one was T-80U from Leningrad/Omsk and second was T-80UD from Kharkiv.

It was logical step, get rid of non promising T-72's, and unify a fleet with actually single tank type with two variants that have only different powerpack and other minor changes.

Unfortunetly again plans were destroyed, and again UKBTM/UVZ used a fact that Soviet Union was crumbling and used a new weak president Yeltsin for their purposes.

Look at some interesting facts, Omsk facility was stillmanufacturing T-80U's, because Kharkiv was left in Ukraine and GT engine was too expensive for Russia, manufacturing of T-80U was not seen as a good idea, but still it was possible to redesign it's slightly with a Diesel engine manufactured in Russia, why not?

T-80U was advanced machine, with very good protection, mobility, firepower, real FCS, it was great design for further evolution.

Also tank crews liked vehicle, especially it's modern suspension. There was absolutely no reason to not use this design.

Of course even in UVZ/UKBTM there was Object 187, even better tank... but how it ended? It was classic move, instead of using progressive design, they promoted regressive Object 188, that was nothing else than T-72B on steroids with components taken from T-80U.

Well I'm sorry but how anyone who want to be objective can claim that UKBTM/UVZ done everything on their own?

First they stole general design idea from Morozov, later to improve their failed product they needed to use components from a different tank.

And now the best part here, initially the new tank was codenamed T-72BU, but for marketing purposes their renamed it as a T-90 and promoted as a completely new vehicle.

Later it becomes even more interesting, when a facility that manuifactured cast turrets closed their production line, they were forced by this to use a turret initially designed for Object 187, and after that and other minor improvements, they designated new version as T-90A.

The history of T-72 is just a shame, I rarely agree with Andrei Tarasenko, but he is right, T-72 and UKBTM/UVZ is just a shame for Soviet and now Russia's tank designing and manufacturing history, it is a history of stealing or using design solutions and components of other design bureaus and their designs.

So there is nothing to be praised in their actions.

India have a rare opportunity that KMDB is proposing their modernization for T-90S. I strongy suggest to compare all KMDB designs, and even their modernization proposals like T-72MP for T-72 series. Because let's be clear here, India can have a much better deal with Ukraine than with Russia on this.

KMDB known as KB-60M in Soviet Union, was known from it's quality and their focus on details, like for example such trivial for someone issue like properly installed ERA on tank, so there are no ballistic gaps in it's protection, something very typical for UVZ tanks.
 
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Damian

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Small comparrision.



This is T-72MP made by KMDB, it is an upgrade proposal for T-72 series. We can see a modern FCS, commander have a panoramic sight, a remotely controlled machine gun, tank have a new more modern Diesel engine. But take a look at ERA configuration. KMDB engineers allways were focused on this detail, to place ERA in such a way that there won't be any gaps in it. Look at hull, there is also a tight protection of ERA, without any significant or unnecacary gaps.



Now the T-72B with Kontakt-5 ERA. You can clearly see gaps in protection for both hull and turret frontal projection.



And T-72B2, it have improved protection, (at last!), new gunner sight but... no commander panoramic sight neither remotely controlled machine gun. It is improvement but, not very significant one, neither really successfull.



Original T-90S for India, we can see similiar gaps as in case of T-72B. Well in fact both are the same tank with some changes. There are more ERA cassettes on Indian variant because it lacks Shtora APS.



Improved T-90S with welded turret, it is improvement, but again as above, only because lack of Shtora.




T-90 and T-90A, You can see huge gaps in protection, mainly due to Shtora IR jammers. Someone would say, it is so because there is no other way but...
 

Damian

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T-80UK, as we can see Shtora IR Jammers are placed on ERA cassettes.



Newest T-84/BM Oplot, also Varta IR Jammers are placed on the ERA modules.

So protection is tight, without gaps, in the same time people in UKBTM/UVZ seems to be uncapable to properly design this part of a tank.

And there are other interesting examples how UKBTM/UVZ was using other design bureaus solutions, for example commander cupola.

Originally T-72 use very simple commander cupola, primitive even.



But later on the T-90 they used a cupola design used by KMDB, first on T-64A:



Later on T-80UD.



And other tanks, but now compare the KMDB cupola with cupola used on T-90, it is exactly the same design.

And there would not be a problem at all, really if Leonid Kartsev would do what he was asked to do, to simply design a T-64 variant with V-45 engine, but for his own personall profits and profits of his design bureau, he used Morozov desing and made a completely different tank, that was in it's capabilities inferior to T-64, only just more reliable when both tanks were initially used, but in the end, T-64 was allways better and more modern.

For example when T-72's were using only a quasi FCS, called in Soviet Terminology a sighting complex, which had only laser range finder and ballistic calculator, T-64B had real fire control system with not only laser range finder and ballistic calculator but with full capabilities of modern FCS in the 1970's-1980's period, with for example lead calculation for firing at moving targets.

Of course the T-90 is not a bad tank at all, but not because it's designers were so great, they just used better components designed for other tanks and integrated them in to the T-72 design.

It ended bad at all for foreing customers using this tank? Not really, but the result could had been better if several alternatives would had been choosen.

And there were several, or purchasing relatively cheap (comparable in prize with T-90) tanks from Ukraine, or designing own design, or purchasing a western tanks.

This is Indian forum so for India there were options. Some very interesting I must say.

We know that Ukrainian option is out because back then pakistan was ordering tanks from Ukraine, so what next?

Arjun is not ready, T-90 might not be a perfect choice, but perhaps there was a way.

India aiming at Arjun being closer to western tanks, could do several things.

Order Leopard 2, I think that Germany would agree to sold some and set up a production line in India.
Order Leclerc altough back then it was not nececary a best choice.

I don't know if back then relations of India with USA or UK could permitt a purchase of tanks from them, but in theory it could be possible, UK was desperate to make a deal with Challenger 2E, it was overall not a bad tank.

And USA in 1990's was searching customers for M1A2, but I don't know if they would agree to set up a full production line in India, rather something like in Egypt with partial production of minor components + assembly line for knock down kits, I doubt that India would agree on that.

So the best alternative for T-90 was Leopard 2, the question however is, if such option was considered? If yes why no deal? And if not then why?
 
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hest

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Small comparrision.

Now the T-72B with Kontakt-5 ERA. You can clearly see gaps in protection for both hull and turret frontal projection.



And T-72B2, it have improved protection, (at last!), new gunner sight but... no commander panoramic sight neither remotely controlled machine gun. It is improvement but, not very significant one, neither really successfull.
Ha ha, you even do not see difference between cover and ERA ? Placement is similar on all tanks, I do not know where is the problem



T-80U



Modular Relikt can allow better placement

 

Damian

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Ha ha, you even do not see difference between cover and ERA ? Placement is similar on all tanks, I do not know where is the problem



T-80U



Modular Relikt can allow better placement



What I wrote was:

And T-72B2, it have improved protection, (at last!), new gunner sight but... no commander panoramic sight neither remotely controlled machine gun. It is improvement but, not very significant one, neither really successfull.
While in case of T-72B I wrote:

Now the T-72B with Kontakt-5 ERA. You can clearly see gaps in protection for both hull and turret frontal projection.
 
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