Indian Army: News and Discussion

[WolfPack86]

Russia Offers India Sprut Lightweight Tanks Amid Stand-Off With China
The government, amid border tensions with China, has given the army approval for emergency procurement of lightweight tanks that can be deployed in high-altitude conditions. Russia in turn has offered India its 18-ton Sprut SDM1 lightweight tanks for possible procurement amid the ongoing stand-off with China in eastern Ladakh. Sources in the defence and security establishment said the offer for Spruts, capable of being airlifted, was made during Defence Minister Rajnath Singh’s visit to Russia in June as per media reports.



This will be a significant upgrade allowing the reintroduction of light tanks that can play a critical role in areas such as Ladakh, where they can be more nimble than the heavier main battle tanks. The acquisition will be made under the emergency purchase nod given after the recent Ladakh standoff to bolster defences.



This will be a significant upgrade allowing the reintroduction of light tanks that can play a critical role in areas such as Ladakh, where they can be more nimble than the heavier main battle tanks. The acquisition will be made under the emergency purchase nod given after the recent Ladakh standoff to bolster defences.



The deployment of new Type 15 light tanks by China along the LAC in eastern Ladakh in late April has come as a wakeup call.

Deterrence Value



The army has been given the go-ahead for urgent purchases amid signs that Beijing intends to keep the border hot.



The army is looking for air-transportable tanks that can be landed or airdropped at forward locations for lightning-quick deployments to counter aggression, sources said. Unlike China, which has an extensive road network connecting the border, India’s infrastructure is still matching up and is being upgraded, though forward airfields have been developed at strategic locations.



The decision to go ahead with a new light tank is part of a series of major emergency procurements cleared by the government at a critical meeting last week. This includes new loitering munitions from Israel, more Heron unmanned aerial vehicles, additional Sig Sauer assault rifles, man-portable surface-to-air defence missiles, Spike anti-tank guided missiles and a range of ammunition.

“The satellite imagery visuals of Chinese T-15 / ZTPQ light tanks camouflaged in the depth areas of eastern Ladakh, during the recent standoff, is a wakeup call for upgrading deterrence in areas where medium-category tanks are difficult to employ,” former director general, mechanised forces, Lt Gen AB Shivane (Retd), has written in a detailed study on the reintroduction of light tanks for the government-backed Centre of Joint Warfare Studies (CENJOWS). The retired officer has suggested that light tanks would add to the credible deterrence posture and war-fighting capability on the northern front where medium-category tanks cannot reach. He has also suggested that these new tanks be made in India.

Limited Options



However, for emergency procurement, India will have limited options as few nations currently produce these tanks. While China is not an option, the US has embarked on a light tank under its Mobile Protected Firepower Program but it’s currently at prototype stage. Russia has the air-transportable Sprut SDM1 light tank that has commonalities with the T72 and T90s operated by India.



While India has a robust tank force, all of them are heavy main battle tanks — T72s, T90s and the Arjun — considered more suitable for operations in the plains. While these tanks have been sent to the Himalayan border as well, navigating them to difficult borders has been a major issue.



India has operated light tanks in the past that came in handy during the 1947-48 Kashmir operations as well as the 1962 war but these have been slowly phased out as the world moved to heavier armour.

Russia Only Country To Operate Airborne Tanks



Russia is the only country in the world to operate airborne tanks and despite its weak armour, the Sprut-SDM1 boasts of firepower comparable to any modern main battle tanks.



India and China are locked in a standoff in multiple locations in eastern Ladakh since May 5. The tension escalated in the Galwan Valley on June 15 in which 20 Indian Army personnel were killed during a violent face-off with Chinese soldiers. PLA soldiers also died in a retaliatory attack, however, China did not disclose the number of casualties.

Russia Offers India Sprut Lightweight Tanks Amid Stand-Off With China

Russia's offer comes as China has deployed Type 15 light tanks while India has relied on the heavier battle tanks. Talks are on, but...

www.indiandefensenews.in

 

[WolfPack86]

Russia offers India Sprut lightweight tanks amid stand-off with China
Russia has offered India its 18-tonne Sprut SDM1 lightweight tanks for possible procurement amid the ongoing stand-off with China in eastern Ladakh, ThePrint has learnt.

Sources in the defence and security establishment said the offer for Spruts, capable of being airlifted, was made during Defence Minister Rajnath Singh’s visit to Russia in June.

The move came as India has deployed heavy T-90 tanks, weighing about 46 tonnes, in Ladakh, besides T-72 tanks, which weigh around 45 tonnes and were deployed earlier.


China, meanwhile, has deployed its new lightweight tanks, Type 15, which weigh around 33 tonnes.

Lightweight tanks allow faster mobility in mountainous terrain than regular battle tanks that weigh over 40 tonnes.

During Rajnath Singh’s visit, New Delhi and Moscow prepared a list of items that could be bought and sold in wake of the tensions at the Line of Actual Control (LAC).

The lightweight tank didn’t feature in India’s demands but was part of the Russian offer, said the sources.

However, some sources said the technical discussions are ongoing between the Indian embassy in Moscow and Russian authorities. Under technical discussions, both sides talked about the technical aspects of the weapons system to understand its capabilities and limitations.

But defence sources maintained that no emergency procurement is planned for these light weight tanks currently.


The interest in lightweight tanks

The need for light weight tanks has been noted in the past too, but the Army’s interest in it comes in the wake of tensions with China.

In 2009, the Army had issued a Request for Information (RFI) for 200 wheeled and 100 tracked light weight tanks for the new Mountain Divisions that was then being raised.

Now, the government-run Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is reportedly working on lightweight tanks. Reports suggest the DRDO is in talks with private company Larsen & Toubro for converting the K9 ‘Vajra’ 155 mm self-propelled howitzer into a 35-tonne light weight tank.

According to the planned DRDO design, the K9’s 155/52 mm howitzer will be replaced by a modular turret and 105 mm gun made by Belgian firm John Cockerel Defence SA. The gun is capable of firing at 42-degree elevation, which would be helpful in a mountain warfare scenario.

If the project fructifies, the L&T’s production line of Vajra would be used to produce these tanks. The production line in Surat is set to go idle by the end of this year when the 100th Vajra is delivered under the contract.

In the past, India had lightweight tanks that were used during the 1947-48 Kashmir operations and then the 1962 and 1971 wars. However, these later paved the way for heavier tanks.

Russia offers India Sprut lightweight tanks amid stand-off with China

Russia has offered India its 18-tonne Sprut SDM1 lightweight tanks for possible procurement amid the ongoing stand-off with China in eastern Ladakh, ThePrint has learnt. Sources in the defence and security establishment said the offer for Spruts, capable of being airlifted, was made during...

www.defencenews.in

 

[Bhadra]

End me Apna Signature bhi kiya hai apne. Bade wale ho A-bhadra

No sir, the problem is that many members start abusing Army when the day starts and that ends only when they go to sleep... That is taken as free for all without any due justification and such people deserve being called names because they think and act as if it is free for all...

Why fret .... one must get what one does...

 

[WolfPack86]

There are six platforms being offered by #Russia for #IndianArmy TOS-1A BTR-82A BMP-3 Sprut-SDM1 Pantsir S1 Tornado S

 

[Bhadra]

REINTRODUCTION OF LIGHT TANKS FOR NORTHERN BORDERS
BY | LT GEN AB SHIVANE, PVSM, AVSM, VSM (RETD)

CENTRE FOR JOINT WARFARE STUDIES - Think Tank India | Ministry of Defence India | Synergising Defence operations | CENJOWS APP | DRDO App | Defence App | Indian Army App

CENJOWS was raised at the initiative of Ministry of Defence on 24 Aug 2007 and is registered under 'The Societies Registration Act 1860'.To promote Integration as a synergistic enabler for the growth of Integrated National Power and provide alternatives in all dimensions of its applications...

www.cenjows.in

General

The satellite imagery visuals of Chinese T-15 / ZTPQ Light Tanks camouflaged in the depth areas of Eastern Ladakh, during the recent stand-off, is a wakeup call for upgrading deterrence in areas where medium category tanks are difficult to employ. Eastern Ladakh saw it coming....we cannot keep procrastinating ..... Imagine the presence of air portable amphibious light tanks in Pangong Tso or in valleys of Ladakh to push back any transgression. Deterrence would have been more credible.

Victory in 21st Century is measured by least cost and minimum time. The importance of Light Tank as a mobile protected firepower for the Indian Army for multi spectrum, multi front application cannot be ignored by professionals. It’s time Indian Army looks at upgrading the Combined Arms Capability for the Northern Borders. The present requirement of light tanks has been endlessly debated by the Indian Army, albeit more often than not with clouded fixations to medium tank and technological perceptions of yester years. With technology now permitting and evolution of next generation light tanks in the battle space, time has come to review our ‘one size fits all’ med tank solution. The need is to revert to a mix of medium and light tanks to meet emerging threats and generate future capability to fight the next war differently.

While we continue to deliberate, we see the resurgence of state of art Light Tanks world over, including the threat from Chinese Light Tank ZTPQ recently deployed opposite our northern borders in Tibet. It’s time we stop discussing and start acting, building up on our experience of the past and the operational necessity of the future. Let us not forget given the same borders and foe, the light tanks did us proud and emerged victorious, even when we had medium tanks as part of our inventory. Let the Light Tank be a shining model under “Make in India”.

******************

Lessons for the Future. So, what are the lessons we draw from these conflicts for the future:-

• Light tanks enjoy enhanced strategic, operational and tactical mobility for rapid deployment in inaccessible areas and where medium tanks movement is impeded.
• Development of punitive deterrence based capability on the Western Front and dissuasive deterrence capability on the Northern Front mandates a mix of medium tanks and light tanks.
• Given our operational matrix and capability development, light tanks will be a force multiplier and a game changer in high altitude / marginal terrain in the Indian context.
• 4GW environment and Hybrid Wars will mandate agile and deployable mobile protected firepower best executed by an agile light tank as part of a combined arms team.
• In today’s security paradigm, as India finds its rightful trajectory in the comity of nations, role of light tanks for strategic out of area contingencies (OOAC) and security of our island territories as part of a Rapid Deployment Force will seek ascendancy.

Global Overview of Light Tanks

There are a large number of light tanks, both tracked and wheeled, in the inventory of foreign armies. Amongst the more advance are the Russian SPRUT- SDM1, the Chinese ZTQ 105 / Type 15 and the USA Project MPF Light Tank.

 

[Bhadra]

REINTRODUCTION OF LIGHT TANKS FOR NORTHERN BORDERS
BY | LT GEN AB SHIVANE, PVSM, AVSM, VSM (RETD)

Light Tank - Operational Perspective

India’s security paradigm entails multi-spectrum, multi-front and diverse terrain challenges at short notice. In particular the threat trajectory is likely to take ascendancy on our Northern Borders and future limited wars, being fought in the mountains and marginal terrains. Deterrence and coercive diplomacy will thus need to be empowered through combat ready and credible rapid deployable forces. Towards this end the Indian Army restructuring initiative aims to generate lean, agile, versatile and technology enabled Integrated Battle Groups. The equipment profile of Mechanised Forces must accordingly have the right mix of medium and light tanks to generate greater operational options and versatility in future wars. The reintroduction of light tanks would permit air deployability, move on tracks or wheels across mountain passes/low classification bridges, pass through narrower lanes inbuilt up areas, and wade through marshier / riverine terrain like in Punjab or Rann of Kutch, otherwise impeded bythe present medium tanks in inventory.

The broad employment concept of light tank thus revolves around its superior mobility (Strategic, Operational and Tactical), versatility, enhanced manoeuvrability (small turning radius, high power to weight ratio and low nominal ground pressure), and lethal firepower especially high angle fire cum missile firing ability. While strategic mobility advantage of light tank certainly provides strategic flexibility, however its superior agility, ‘power to weight ratio’, and ‘dimensions’, which gives it a major advantage with reference to inter and intra valley movement in high altitude terrain.

Along the Northern Borders, it would augment the defence potential by forward deployment and denial of corridors to enemy. The primary role would essentially be to close in and destroy enemy forces and facilitate the freedom of action by infantry in mountainous or marginal terrain. Its availability would add teeth in limited offensive or quid pro quo operations into enemy territory. The light tanks would not only target the will of the enemy but also enhance capability through pre-emption, dislocation and disruption of enemy forces. Thus, light tanks would add to the credible deterrence posture and war fighting capability in the Northern Front especially where the medium category tanks cannot reach.

Along the Western Borders proliferation of BUA and canals / swamps have restricted mobility corridors for medium tanks. The Rann of Kutch with its low soil bearing capacity also impedes movement of heavier vehicles. A mix of medium and light tanks with amphibious capability and superior tactical agility would thus facilitate the tempo of operations as also serve as potent reconnaissance force in the Western Front. Its innovative application could help in seizing control of time, space and force matrix in war. Light tank would also find its enhanced utility in hybrid wars of the future.

With its air portability and amphibious characteristics, its role as part of Rapid Deployment Force for OOAC as part of an emergency response force, backup armour-deficient airborne troops,amphibious operations for establishing a beachhead and protection of our island territories, would add to our capability matrix. Its utility as part of UN Forces could also find favour and add to the nation’s international stature.



Role, Deployability and Desired Capabilities

Role. The light tank must be designed to defeat armour and low flying helicopters, provide fire support to assaulting infantry, destroy strongholds and fortifications and perform reconnaissance and combat security task.

Deployability. The light tank weight and its dimensions must facilitate tactical, operational and strategic lift capability and adaptability to designated operational roles. It must ensure transportability by rail, road (on tank transporters) and in service aircrafts, as also operational and tactical mobility within the theatre of operations. It must be an amphibious fighting vehicle capable of day and night operations in both High Altitude mountainous terrain of Northern Borders and plains of Western Front. It should facilitate low air drop in emergencies.



Desired Capabilities. The desired capabilities necessitated are:-

• Lethality. Ability to destroy enemy targets both armoured and fortifications at 2000m and possess ATGM missile firing capability up to 4Km both by day and night. High angle firing capability of elevation not less than 17 degrees using a state of art fire control system. Stabilised shoot capability on the move. Secondary armament and AD machine gun with a remote control mount. Its sighting configuration must cater for a “Hunter - Killer” mode.
• Mobility and Agility. It must generate a high power to weight ratio of minimum 25:1 with steep gradient climb ability. The engine derating in High Altitude must not fall below 20:1 capability. It must have a higher power density ratio and low nominal ground pressure with a small turning radius to travel over passes and bridges as obtaining in the Northern Borders particularly of eastern Ladakh, on track (rubber pads)/ wheels. Auxiliary power unit and amphibious capability are essential.
• Survivability. It must be able to survive against RPGs, and artillery air burst with scalable modular add on armour and option for active protection system for a full combat configuration. Its survivability must essentially be in its low silhouette, advance stealth technology suite, automatic screening system besides NBC protection and fire suppression systems.
• Mission Reliability and Logistic Ease. It must maintain high operational readiness rates through reduced logistic / maintenance foot prints, modular form fit sub-systems, in-built diagnostics & redundancies (fault-management) and high mean time between failure.
• Digitisation and Vetronics. These must generate higher situational awareness, network enabled operations and higher interoperability. In reality, this network centric approach in an AFV- involves the following systems and sensors as given fallows:
• Battlefield Management System (BMS)
• Software Defined Radio (SDR)
• Automated Target Tracker (ATT)
• Commanders Panoramic Sight (CPS)
• Gunners Main Sight (GMS)
• Laser Target Designator (LTD)
• Laser Range Finder (LRF)
• Laser Warning and Countermeasure System (LWCS)
• Drivers Sight with Thermal Imager (TI)
• Affordability. There will always be the issue of fiscal support that comes with increased complexity, as these advanced solutions must be able to operate reliably in all environments and be resilient to all types of threat. However, it is desirable that the cost of Light Tank be lower than a medium category tank for greater acceptability in today’s Corona inflicted fiscally constrained environment.

Way Forward

Given the emergence of Chinese Light Tank and escalatory matrix of the threat on our Northern Borders, the operational necessity for a light tank is well established. A pragmatic and professional analysis is indicative of operational imperative of light tanks for the Indian Army. The process is often debated and offers multiple options for procurement. In the order of priority, it could be through the SP partnership model, a Government to Government deal, a variant of FICV or new project under Make categorisation. It must be shining example of Make in India initiative. May the decision makers never be clouded by myopic vision and address this critical capability, already delayed beyond reasons professional, at the earliest.

 

[Bhadra]

Main Thrust of Gen Shivane's Argument
​

* Necessity of an Anti tank protected mobile gun platform.
* Mobility and everything else through mobility including its reach to difficult inaccessible areas of high altitude areas.
* Mobility further extended to air transportability, air dropability and amphibious capability.
* Terrain specificity - Northen Front, jungles, Riverine terrain and out of area contingencies including Island territories.

* Light tank as Infantry support platform, anti-tank platform but not as a platform for mobile warfare manoeuvre and penetration battles against heavy armour environment. A Defensive platform for norther area and a limited offensive machine for other terrains.

Important Technical Parameters,

- Engine power ratio - It must generate a high power to weight ratio of minimum 25:1 with steep gradient climb ability. The engine derating in High Altitude must not fall below 20:1 capability.

- Angle of Elevation of Gun - This is the os important characteristics and the most important lesson of Afghan Campaigns and a reason why MBTs like t-72 could t be deployed and used there. Then General says that the tank must have High angle firing capability of elevation not less than 17 degrees using a state of art fire control system. Stabilised shoot capability on the move.


Other significant characteristics are given by the General in the article.

 

[Bhadra]

What Gen Shivane Ignored and can be Fetal in Ladakh.
​

9 Ignoring and absence of battlefield environment especially the nature and type of Chinese threat in Ladakh totally demolishes General's logical edifice.

- The General has built a theme of the necessity of a Light which essentially is based on the unsuitability of Medium Tanks, especially in Ladakh due to mobility. Such an assumption can be very fetal for Ladakh considering the enemy forces. If Mobility is the issue.measure are required to be taken to enhance mobility rather than throw the baby out.

6 Highland Mechanised Infantry Divions, With two mechanized Regiments of three Mechanised battalions and ane Armoured battalion each and an Armoured Regt, the chines will be able to filed 351 ZBD-04A IPCs and 165 ZTZ 99A MBTs.

4 Highland Motorised Infantry Division. With 86 X BMP II clone ICVs,and 99 X Type 88 Tanks and the preponderance of other ant tank weapon platforms.

This by no means is a light anti-tank environment, And this force in no way is to be stopped with any light tank of twenty-ton class tanks, Agreed that the Light tanks has a 125mm gun but without adequate protection that tank in this anti tank environment is simply a useless pillbox in Depsang, Spangur, Chumar or Demchok. A Tin can what they jokingly call.

 

[WolfPack86]

LIVEFIST On Light Tanks For Ladakh

 

[WolfPack86]

LIVEFIST On Light Tanks For Ladakh

 

[ezsasa]

What Gen Shivane Ignored and can be Fetal in Ladakh.
​

9 Ignoring and absence of battlefield environment especially the nature and type of Chinese threat in Ladakh totally demolishes General's logical edifice.

- The General has built a theme of the necessity of a Light which essentially is based on the unsuitability of Medium Tanks, especially in Ladakh due to mobility. Such an assumption can be very fetal for Ladakh considering the enemy forces. If Mobility is the issue.measure are required to be taken to enhance mobility rather than throw the baby out.

6 Highland Mechanised Infantry Divions, With two mechanized Regiments of three Mechanised battalions and ane Armoured battalion each and an Armoured Regt, the chines will be able to filed 351 ZBD-04A IPCs and 165 ZTZ 99A MBTs.

4 Highland Motorised Infantry Division. With 86 X BMP II clone ICVs,and 99 X Type 88 Tanks and the preponderance of other ant tank weapon platforms.

This by no means is a light anti-tank environment, And this force in no way is to be stopped with any light tank of twenty-ton class tanks, Agreed that the Light tanks has a 125mm gun but without adequate protection that tank in this anti tank environment is simply a useless pillbox in Depsang, Spangur, Chumar or Demchok. A Tin can what they jokingly call.

Why are the good jernails getting fixated on light tanks?

Looks like more articles have been written about light tanks than any other IA equipment related subtopic during this escalation.

 

[Tanmay]

Why are the good jernails getting fixated on light tanks?

Looks like more articles have been written about light tanks than any other IA equipment related subtopic during this escalation.

Why go for light tanks when bridges in Leh , JK are being replaced with new concrete ones with 70 tonne capacity. Eveon on google earth its visible that many bailey bridges were replaced with concrete ones in JK , Laddakh and Arunachal. 70 Tonne bridges good enough for Arjun tanks!

https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-toda...-border-roads-organisation-1697786-2020-07-07

Visiting the bridge in Nimu, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi had visited recently, India Today saw that in a record time of three months, the BRO has replaced a bailey bridge which could only be used for 24 tonnes vehicles with the new one which can be used by vehicles up to 70 tonnes.

 

[Bhadra]

Why are the good jernails getting fixated on light tanks?

Looks like more articles have been written about light tanks than any other IA equipment related subtopic during this escalation.

Why go for light tanks when bridges in Leh , JK are being replaced with new concrete ones with 70 tonne capacity. Eveon on google earth its visible that many bailey bridges were replaced with concrete ones in JK , Laddakh and Arunachal. 70 Tonne bridges good enough for Arjun tanks!

https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-toda...-border-roads-organisation-1697786-2020-07-07

Visiting the bridge in Nimu, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi had visited recently, India Today saw that in a record time of three months, the BRO has replaced a bailey bridge which could only be used for 24 tonnes vehicles with the new one which can be used by vehicles up to 70 tonnes.

Gen Shivane has made an excellent case for the necessity of a light tank .. say about a bridge or two Armoured Brigade size.

I at no point have written against that necessity when it comes to Light Tanks for the Neighboring friendly country when they require Indian help like IPKF or Maldives. India is slowly embracing Urban Naxalism and MOUT is almost a certainty for which IA must remain prepared. Besides India have security commitment towards friendly countries in IOR as also our own Island territories.

Even for our inaccessible plateau areas a few light tanks mixed with Medium tanks would be advantageous.

My point was that suggesting only light tanks For Ladakh in the face of 4 Highland Mechanised Infantry Division and 6 Highland Motorised Infantry Division which has so much of Medium tanks components, was not justified.

The Russian 2S25 Sprut-SD light Tanks with 560 hp will also function there at only 60 percent capacity and would not meet the requirement of enhanced mobility. What we need for Ladakh and other areas of high altitude is engine up gradation. I believe now Cumins is offering 1500hp engine which if fitted on to T-72 or T=09 tanks would make those more mobiles. Even the BMPs in Ladakh must have upgraded engines.

The other problem which I foresee is the angle of elevations of T-72 and T-90 guns which may become a big liability in Infantry support tasks and keep tanks a little away than the requisite distance of a firebase to overcome that problem.

General Shivane did mention Penang Tso as one of the suitable area of employment of light tanks and I would like to jump at that idea of an amphibious platform that can swim for 6 -7 hours and fire 125mm Gun when in the water... The tank also has an angle of elevation of 17 degrees and will be able to fire uphill. Firepower wise this Russian tank is the answer.

But protection wise this tank would not stand one shot of RPG.. which is so easily available even with third-class terrorists..

 

[ezsasa]

After the russian lobby did their sales pitch, now the American lobby is getting into the act.

Next stage is American lobby & russian lobby , will make the rest of us fight with each other on SM & Op-eds.

Heated arguments & tempers galore..
=========
Army to choose from Tata, American Stryker and Humvee for its armoured protection vehicle requirements

 

[Lancer]

After the russian lobby did their sales pitch, now the American lobby is getting into the act.

Next stage is American lobby & russian lobby , will make the rest of us fight with each other on SM & Op-eds.

Heated arguments & tempers galore..
=========
Army to choose from Tata, American Stryker and Humvee for its armoured protection vehicle requirements

Should just go with the Tata product + start locally producing more advanced versions of BMP's (since most militaries need a mix of wheel and track APC's).

For tanks, start working on a tank for the future, based on the Arjun.

 

[fire starter]

After the russian lobby did their sales pitch, now the American lobby is getting into the act.

Next stage is American lobby & russian lobby , will make the rest of us fight with each other on SM & Op-eds.

Heated arguments & tempers galore..
=========
Army to choose from Tata, American Stryker and Humvee for its armoured protection vehicle requirements

what only 3 platforms where are others?

 

[Aniruddha Mulay]

After the russian lobby did their sales pitch, now the American lobby is getting into the act.

Next stage is American lobby & russian lobby , will make the rest of us fight with each other on SM & Op-eds.

Heated arguments & tempers galore..
=========
Army to choose from Tata, American Stryker and Humvee for its armoured protection vehicle requirements

What is the Humvee doing in this competition for APC??

 

[Tuco]

After the russian lobby did their sales pitch, now the American lobby is getting into the act.

Next stage is American lobby & russian lobby , will make the rest of us fight with each other on SM & Op-eds.

Heated arguments & tempers galore..
=========
Army to choose from Tata, American Stryker and Humvee for its armoured protection vehicle requirements

Humvee ===whap yeh kya hey?

 

[fire starter]

Humvee ===whap yeh kya hey?

humvee is participating in LSV tender whereas there is separate tender for 8×8 whap like platforms seems like ANI mixed both of them.

 

[Tuco]

humvee is participating in LSV tender whereas there is separate tender for 8×8 whap like platforms seems like ANI mixed both of them.

Wasn't LSV tender limited to Desi companies only.