Indian Army: News and Discussion

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Army hit by silent wall in LoC intelligence ops

There is concern in the highest levels of government over this silence especially because “we know that messages are being sent to militants in the Valley”, said a third official who also asked not to be named.


The army knows, through its sources in the Valley, that directions are being sent, but the Military Intelligence directorate has not yet been able to figure out if Pakistan-backed terror organisations have switched to a new system or just changed their frequency, the officials explained.(ANI File Photo)

The Indian Army’s monitors along the Line of Control with Pakistan have fallen silent for over two months now, affecting intelligence operations, senior officials aware of the development said.

The monitors fell silent soon after Article 370 was effectively revoked in Jammu & Kashmir on August 5. “The terrorists and their handlers have changed the frequency [they communicate on] and we have not been able to crack the new one,” one official said on the condition of anonymity. “We have been trying to intercept commands being sent to the Valley by terror organisations based there [in Pakistan] but have not been successful yet,’’ said another official who asked not to be named.

There is concern in the highest levels of government over this silence especially because “we know that messages are being sent to militants in the Valley”, said a third official who also asked not to be named.

The army knows, through its sources in the Valley, that directions are being sent, but the Military Intelligence directorate has not yet been able to figure out if Pakistan-backed terror organisations have switched to a new system or just changed their frequency, the officials explained.

According to intelligence garnered from on-ground sources in the Valley, the Lashkar-e-Taiba has been asked to target security forces and the Jaish-e-Mohammed led by Masood Azhar has been tasked to carry out bigger attacks. Jaish was behind the killing of 40 CRPF troopers this February. The best way to prevent terror attacks is through real-time intelligence, but the Army has for the first time been hit by a silent wall it is finding hard to penetrate.

All intelligence agencies operating in Kashmir suffered a setback due to the communications blackout. Post-paid mobile services were resumed in the Valley on Monday after 70 days, and agencies are hoping that this will help them re-establish contact with their sources. Up to 90% of intelligence received is through technical sourcing, the officials said.

The Army is therefore trying to crack the new frequency to get up-to-date with terror chatter
 

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Cut imports, focus on indigenisation, says a top Indian Army officer

While under the ‘Make’ process, the service headquarters will do the entire hand-holding and not make unreasonable demands, according to Naravane, it is time to become self-reliant.
For transporting rations and materials in inhospitable terrain, there are opportunities to use indigenous drones instead of the using mules for which the Indian Army spends Rs 400 on mules.
To reduce the import dependence, there is a need for higher spending on research and development (R&D) in the defence sector, says Indian Army officer.

Urging for more funds for R&D to meet future requirements, the Vice Chief of the Army Staff Lt Gen MM Naravane told the industry captains that “We have the capability but unfortunately we have not built upon it, or we have not changed with time.”

While under the ‘Make’ process, the service headquarters will do the entire hand-holding and not make unreasonable demands, according to Naravane, it is time to become self-reliant.

He was addressing the industry on Friday on the Make-II procedure of Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) at a seminar on ‘ARMY MAKE PROJECTS – 2019’ jointly organized by Indian Army and industry body FICCI.

Under the Make-II, private sector companies can take up product development on their own and are allowed to pitch it to the services. Over the last couple of years, in an effort to get clearances by the Service Headquarters, criteria for taking up projects has been simplified. So far the Indian Army has put out around 32 projects under the Make II category for the private sector to take up and today another 11 projects were unveiled.

In his address, Lt Gen Raj Shukla, Director General, Perspective Planning, said that by September 2020, some of the solutions offered by the private sector will be inducted in the Indian Army.

For transporting rations and materials in inhospitable terrain, there are opportunities to use indigenous drones instead of the using mules for which the Indian Army spends Rs 400 on mules.

To encourage the private players and start-ups the service headquarters have set up the project facilitation teams which are the primary interface between the service and industry during the design and development stage.

These teams provide technical inputs, trial infrastructure and other facilities as required by the vendor.

Emphasizing that collaboration between industry and defence is the need of the day, Subhash Chandra, Secretary, Department of Defence Production (DDP), Ministry of Defence said that support will be extended to sort out industry concerns.

Chandra recommended that the MSMEs and start-ups need to be integrated into the defence manufacturing ecosystem
 

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Indian Army can soon track equipment by just a click

Software will allow commanders to track status, availability of equipment in real time


NEW DELHI: The Indian Army is working on streamlining and automisation of its maintenance response to improve operational readiness. The readiness state of entire equipment inventory including the vehicles, drones, missiles, tanks, night vision devices, radars, rifles, helicopters down to the cables will be available at a click for the Commanders.

Lt Gen Anil Kapoor, Director General, Electronics and Mechanical Engineers (EME) Corps said, “We are working on a software that will present all critical readiness states at a click. It will show the state of serviceability, mileage, the next service due and so on thus providing the commanders' ability to prepare better for the operations and exercises.”

Software Beehive will connect Army’s 2,000 different types of workshops all across India. Every decision-maker in the chain will be able to track equipment and their readiness in real-time. The Army conducts exercises all year round in varied terrains which include deserts with extreme high temperatures, super-high altitude with the temperature plummeting up to minus 50 degrees to marshy areas thus the maintenance of these equipment to keep the army moving becomes utmost important.

Beehive will arm the commanders with ability to forecast requirements, allocate and relocate vehicles in different theatres and will help in the procurement planning too, said Lt Gen Kapoor.

The Corps of EME keep the army mobile and functional with its responsibilities right from the design, development, trial, inspection and refit of weapon systems and equipment. They also provide technical advice to units and conduct recovery operations in peace and war.

“The process will take about a year to complete and is being done in 8 modules. We are going to first do alpha and beta testing, then will go for cyber proofing of it by the Army cyber group after which it will be implemented across,” said Lt Gen Kapoor. Of the eight modules, one is done and the second is underway. It will be completed by October 2020.

  • Equipment handling: 30 lakh
  • Items in inventory: 2,000
  • Types of equipment:80
  • Types of vehicles: 2,000
What it can track

  • Vehicles
  • Drones
  • Missiles
  • Tanks
  • Night vision devices
  • Radars
  • Rifles
  • Helicopters
 

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Army Jawan dies in mine blast in Nowgam
The soldier was killed when he accidentally stepped on the mine while patrolling in Nowgam.


Vigil has been stepped up along the border to counter any attempts of infiltration. (FILE | PTI)


SRINAGAR: An Army jawan died in a mine blast in Nowgam sector of Kashmir's Kupwara district, an Army official said on Tuesday.

The soldier was killed when he accidentally stepped on the mine while patrolling in Nowgam on Monday night.

Vigil has been stepped up along the border to counter any attempts of infiltration
 

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IAF's Apache helicopters need integration with ground forces: Experts
The IAF maintains that exposure and experience of its fighter pilots is much more superior than the Army as far as aerial combat and warfare is concerned.



Newly-inducted IAF helicopters 'Apache' perform during the 87th Indian Air Force Day celebrations at Hindon Airbase in Ghaziabad. (Photo | Parveen Negi, EPS)
NEW DELHI: With 22 Apache helicopters set to join the Indian Air Force (IAF) by March 2020, defence experts have raised the need for integrating the multi-role combat choppers with ground forces for better operational capabilities, logistics and training.

Eight units of the US-made combat helicopter Apache AH64E (I) -- where 'I' stands for India-specific enhancements -- were inducted into the 25 Squadron of the IAF in Pathankot in September. India has entered into a multi-billion contract with US aviation major Boeing in September 2015 for acquiring 22 Apache choppers in flyaway condition.

Subsequently, the central government signed another contract worth Rs 4,168 crore for acquiring six Apache choppers for the Army.

The choppers for the IAF are being delivered to India in phases.

"Four additional choppers have subsequently been delivered after the induction of the first batch of eight helicopters into the IAF. Five more choppers will be delivered in December this year. The last installment of five choppers will be delivered in March next year. For the Army, the process of evaluating the six acquisitions is underway," a Boeing spokesperson told IANS.

The choppers, known as 'Tank Killers', provide close air support to armoured formations and ground forces by flying at 'tree-top heights'.

In advanced militaries across the globe, including the US and the UK, the Apache choppers have been inducted into the Army.

"The Apache is meant for armoured battles in scout and attack roles. They have to operate in close coordination with and close support of ground defence. The Army Aviation Corps has the expertise to fly choppers. There needs to be complete integration of the choppers with the Army in terms of training as well as command and co-ordination with land forces. It will be easier to develop tactics and doctrine together," retired Lt Gen Deependra Singh Hooda, former Northern Army Commander, told IANS.


IAF's Apache chopper | PTI
Army veterans are of the argument that any equipment is better held with one particular service for better operations, logistics and maintenance. "With two different services, there will be bureaucratic hassles even for training purposes," added Hooda.

However, the IAF maintains that exposure and experience of its fighter pilots is much more superior than the Army as far as aerial combat and warfare is concerned. The IAF has flown combat helicopters including the Mi 8, the Mi 17, the Mi 25 and the Mi 35 in the past which it cites as precedence for acquiring the Apache combat choppers.

"The IAF talks, speaks and walks aerial warfare. It is the lead service provider in aerial warfare. The Army Aviation Corps is very nascent and had been under the control of the IAF for a long time. The air defence and air space of India is controlled and guarded by the IAF. It is not a question of ownership of the choppers. It ultimately depends on the experience and exposure of the parent organization," retired Air Chief Marshal Fali H Major told IANS.
 

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Hike in monetary assistance to slain soldiers’ families
At present, financial assistance of Rs 2 lakh was given to battle casualties in case of death and also to those sustaining 60 per cent and above disability besides to several other categories.


Defence Minister Rajnath Singh (Photo | PTI)

NEW DELHI: Initiating a big welfare move on Saturday, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has given in-principle approval to enhance monetary assistance to next of kin of battle casualties from existing Rs 2 lakh to Rs 8 lakh. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) in its communique said, “Rajnath Singh has given in-principle approval to the enhancement of monetary assistance to Next of Kin (NoK) of all categories of Battle Casualty (BC) from Rs two lakh to Rs 8 lakh. The amount will be granted under the Army Battle Casualties Welfare Fund (ABCWF).”

At present, financial assistance of Rs 2 lakh was given to battle casualties in case of death and also to those sustaining 60 per cent and above disability besides to several other categories. Rs 1 lakh financial assistance to soldiers with less than 60 per cent disability.

The assistance is given in addition to liberalised family pension, financial assistance from Army group insurance, Army Welfare Fund and ex-gratia amount. The ABCWF — instituted in 2017 — was set up after a large number of people offered to provide monetary assistance to the families of battle casualties following an incident in February 2016 at Siachen, wherein 10 soldiers were buried in an avalanche.

It was implemented retrospectively with effect from April 2016. This fund is in addition to the various existing schemes for the welfare of NOK and children of battle casualties in the form of additional ex gratia. The already existing monetary grants include ex-gratia (central) for various ranks ranging from Rs 25 lakh to Rs 45 lakh and Army Group Insurance ranging from Rs 40 lakh to Rs 75 lakh.

Previous help
Rajnath Singh in the previous government, had launched ‘Bharat Ke Veer fund’ to assist families of paramilitary personnel killed or injured in action
 

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Anti-militancy operation in Gangabal forest area called off after no fresh contacts with terrorists
In view of difficult terrain, the highly trained para-commandos were pressed into service to assist troops during the search operation.


Security forces on Monday called off the 11-day-long anti-militancy operation in Gangabal forest area of central Kashmir’s Ganderbal district after no fresh contact was established with militants.

Superintendent of Police (SP) Ganderbal, Khalil Ahmad Poswal told this newspaper that the search operation was officially called off today after no fresh contact was established with the militants.

The police, CRPF and army men had launched a search operation in dense forests of Trumkhal in Gangabal area of Ganderbal on September 27 and intercepted a group of freshly infiltrated militants.

Two militants were killed in the gunfight in the first day of the operation.

Poswal said two unidentified militants were killed and security forces conducted search operation for 11 days to hunt the militants, who might have escaped from the area during the gunfight.

In view of difficult terrain, the highly trained para-commandos were pressed into service to assist troops during the search operation
 

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Rise in fake Twitter accounts of Indian army officers, as India-Pakistan's diplomatic war takes ugly turn



India and Pakistan's diplomatic war on scrapping Jammu and Kashmir's special status has taken an ugly turn over into the cyber world. Which has led to a rise in fake social media accounts of Indian army officers.

  • A senior officials in the security apparatus told the Hindustan Times, that at least 50 Twitter accounts masquerading as personal handles of senior generals and commanders including Chief of Army Staff General Bipin Rawat, Northern Army Commander Lieutenant General Ranbir Singh “highlighting alleged atrocities” in Kashmir were shut down at the request of the security agencies.

    According to the Hindustan Times report, a fake Twitter handle of a serving colonel serving in Jammu and Kashmir allegedly said that, “In the past 6 days at least 69 of my Indian soldiers have been killed in unprovoked fire by Pakistan Army.” Similarly, another fake account of former Directorate General of Military Operations (DGMO) Lieutenant General Vinod Bhatia said, “according to my intelligence report there is more than 700 Kashmiri has been killed thousands of women were raped there is completely blackout, school colleges are closed. Shame on Us.” Likewise, the Twitter handle of former Vice Chief of Army Staff Devraj Anbu said the removal of Article 370 was a big mistake. Interestingly, even a fake account of Lieutenant Colonel Shrikant Purohit, who is an accused in Malegaon blast case, has a tweet against the establishment.

    Another senior official monitoring the cyber world told the Hindustan Times, “An analysis shows a clear trend, some of these fake accounts posted normal humdrum stuff on and off. The credibility of the people behind the accounts ensured an organic growth in the number of followers. An account of serving colonel opened in July 2019 gathered over 1500 followers. After, August 5, these handles tried to saturate the environment with messages about atrocities in Jammu and Kashmir and Article 370.
 

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People carry the body of a person who was killed in firing by Indian forces, at Nousehri (Photo: AP)
India destroys three terror launch pads in Pakistan
  • This was the third instance of India directly targeting terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan-controlled territory since 2016
  • New Delhi said Pakistan’s firing at Indian positions to push in terrorists is aimed at fuelling an insurgency in Kashmir

NEW DELHI : India on Sunday launched a major strike against terrorist training camps in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, killing 6-10 terrorists and an equal number of Pakistani troops besides decimating at least three launch pads. This was the third instance of New Delhi directly targeting terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan-controlled territory since 2016.

India’s retaliation comes days after the Paris-based Financial Action Task Force (FATF) gave a stark warning to Pakistan that it has time only till February 2020 to stem the flow of finances to terrorist groups and tighten banking channels or be placed in a blacklist alongside Iran and North Korea.

India’s action also follows comments by defence minister Rajnath Singh warning that India would take steps to wind up terrorist training infrastructure in Pakistan if Islamabad was unable to do so.

In February, New Delhi used air power to take out a terrorist training camp in Balakot in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. This came after a suicide bomber blew up a bus carrying paramilitary personnel, killing 40. In 2016, the Indian Army had sent in special forces to destroy launch pads across the de facto Line of Control in Kashmir.

6-10 Pakistani soldiers killed, 3 terror camps destroyed: Gen Bipin Rawat
Indian Army chief commented on action taken by the force after provocations by Pakistan.
Current Time 0:00
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Duration 2:26


“Pakistan has been making threats urging Kashmiris to rise up against India," said former foreign secretary Kanwal Sibal, referring to Prime Minister Imran Khan’s remarks after India scrapped a provision in its Constitution giving special status to Jammu and Kashmir and integrating the region more closely with India. “The message to Pakistan is that India will firmly deal with any terrorist threat from Pakistan," Sibal said, adding: “It is New Delhi saying clearly that we will retaliate if there is any move to stoke trouble."

India’s tough message on Sunday came after Pakistan opened fire on Indian positions in Kashmir’s Tangdhar area, killing two soldiers and one civilian, and injuring three other civilians. Army chief Bipin Rawat told reporters that “six to 10 Pakistani troops and an equal number of terrorists were killed" in the Indian action. Rawat also said the Indian Army had prior information on the terrorist launch pads. “Of late, we had information that terrorists are coming closer to camps in the forward areas. In the last one month, we have seen repeated attempts from different sectors to infiltrate terrorists. It was decided that we target that terror camps across. We had the coordinates of these camps. We have caused severe damage to terrorists’ infrastructure," he said.


Two Indian Army personnel, Hav Padam Bahadur Shrestha and Rin Gamil Kumar Shrestha, who lost their lives in Pakistani firing, in Tangdhar sector along the Line of Control (LoC) in Jammu and Kashmir (Photo: PTI)
An Indian Army spokesman said the Pakistani army opened fire “to assist infiltration by terrorists into Indian territories. “As a result, there was a calibrated escalation of weapons undertaken by the Indian side in which terrorist launch pads and Pakistan army posts, giving incidental protection to these launch pads and certain gun positions, were hit."

“The Indian Army retains the right to respond at a time and place of its choosing in case Pakistan Army continues to assist terrorist activities across Indian borders," he added.

New Delhi said that Pakistan’s firing at Indian positions to push in terrorists is aimed at fuelling an insurgency in Kashmir and carrying out attacks in other parts of the country. This is a charge Pakistan denies. A second reason for Pakistan to violate the 2003 ceasefire agreement with India is to refocus international attention on the decades-old Kashmir dispute given that it does not receive as much traction as it once did, Indian officials said.

The Pakistani push on infiltration comes as India tries to normalize the situation in Kashmir after Parliament abrogated Article 370 of the Indian constitution conferring special status on the region. This has infuriated Pakistan as it changes the contours of any future talks between New Delhi and Islamabad.

Pakistan has been trying to spotlight some measures taken by India to ensure there is no violence in Kashmir— detaining some prominent political leaders, cutting off communications and enforcing curfew. Many of these restrictions have now been removed with reports of terrorists targeting truck drivers and labourers from other states of India coming in.

The spike in tensions comes as India and Pakistan are preparing to sign a pact that will allow Indian pilgrims to visit Pakistan to pay respects at the Kartarpur Sahib gurudwara where the founder of the Sikh faith Guru Nanak lived the last years of his life.


A woman mourns the death of her relative, who, according to the family, was killed in shelling, during a funeral in Nousehri village (Photo: Reuters)
According to two people familiar with the development, the targets destroyed by the Indian army were in the Neelam valley of Pakistan administered Kashmir “As per our information four-five Pakistani soldiers have been killed and several have been injured," one of those cited above said. “Pakistan targeted our civilian area killing one and injuring three civilians. Our troops retaliated strongly causing heavy damage and casualties to the enemy. Two of our soldiers have also been killed," the person said.

An ANI report said the Indian army struck Jura, Athmuqam and Kundalsahi after credible inputs came of significant number of terrorists operating there.

The Pakistan army spokesman, in a Twitter post, said India had initiated “unprovoked CFVs (ceasefire violations) in Jura, Shahkot & Nousehri sectors deliberately targeting civilians. Effectively responded. 9 Indian soldiers killed several injured. 2 Indian bunkers destroyed. During exchange of fire 1 soldier & 3 civilians shaheed (killed), 2 soldiers & 5 civilians injured."

“Targeting innocent civilians by Indian Army is an attempt to justify their false claims of targeting alleged camps. Injured civilians evacuated to district hospitals. UNMOGIP as well as domestic & foreign media have open access to AJK (Azad Jammu and Kashmir/Pakistan administered Kashmir), a liberty not available in IOJ&K (Indian Occupied Jammu and Kashmir)," the spokesman said in a second Twitter post.

The last was a reference to the restrictions in place after the scrapping of Article 370 by India.

Later on Sunday, the Pakistan foreign office summoned Indian deputy high commissioner Gaurav Ahluwalia to protest the deaths.

This is the third time in recent years that India has hit terrorist training camps and launch pads inside Pakistan controlled territory. The first time India launched cross border operations to eliminate terrorist training camps in Pakistan was in 2016 in the aftermath of an attack on an army garrison in Uri in which 19 Indian soldiers had been killed. Indian special forces crossed the de facto line of control border in Kashmir and destroyed terrorist launch pads there. In February this year, the Indian airforce struck a terrorist training facility in Balakot in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakthunkwa province. This came after a suicide bomber blew up a bus carrying indian paramilitary personnel killing 40.
 

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NSA Ajit Doval along with Army Chief Gen. Bipin Rawat, Air Force Chief Air Chief Marshal RKS Bhadauria and, Chairman and Secretary DRDO Dr G Satheesh Reddy (R) during the inauguration of 41st Directors Conference at DRDO Bhavan in New Delhi on Tuesday. (Photo: ANI)
Army chief urges inclusion of indigenous tech in India’s defence arsenal
  • The statements assume significance given that India imports most of the hardware in its defence arsenal
  • Rawat said India will fight the next war with home manufactured arms and win it

New Delhi: Indian Army chief Bipin Rawat on Tuesday urged the inclusion of indigenous technology in the country’s defence arsenal, saying that this would give it the edge it needed against its adversaries in the future.

Speaking at an event organised by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in New Delhi, Rawat gave a thumbs up to indigenous technology and weapon systems and said India will fight the next war with home manufactured arms and win it.

The statements assume significance given that India imports most of the hardware in its defence arsenal, though successive governments have underlined the need to reduce reliance on imports. Since Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government took office in 2014, it has been pushing for defence manufacturing at home under the Make in India programme.

In his speech to the 41st DRDO directors conference in New Delhi, Rawat also said the DRDO needed to look at “systems for future warfare."

“We have to start looking at development of cyber, space, laser, electronic and robotic technologies and artificial intelligence," he said.

Congratulating defence scientists for their achievements, Rawat urged DRDO to ensure that while preparing systems for future warfare, DRDO should also focus on “non-contact warfare."

In his comments, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval said armies that were better equipped have always decided the destiny of mankind. “There is no trophy for the runner up. Either you are netter than your adversaries or you are not there at all," Doval said. He said two key factors that will shape global politics and future warfare were technology and money.
 

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An Indian army helicopter. (AP)

India to spend a whopping $130 billion for military modernisation in next 5-7 years

  • In its missile armoury, India currently has Agni-1 with a 700 km range, Agni-2 with a 2,000-km range, Agni-3 and Agni-4 with 2,500 km to more than 3,500-km range
  • Another key priority is to procure 110 multirole fighter aircraft for the IAF

NEW DELHI : As India faces complex security threats, the government has firmed up a mega plan to spend $130 billion to bolster combat capability of the armed forces in the next five to seven years, according to an official document.

Official sources said the government has decided on a broad plan to speed up modernisation of the Army, Navy and the Air Force under which a range of critical weapons, missiles, fighter jets, submarines and warships will be procured in the next few years.

They said the government's immediate priority is to fast-track infantry modernisation, including procuring 2,600 infantry combat vehicles and 1,700 future ready combat vehicles for the Indian Army.

Another key priority is to procure 110 multirole fighter aircraft for the IAF.

"The government will spend $130 billion for fleet modernisation in the next 5-7 years across all armed forces," the official document stated.

The armed forces have been pushing for adequate allocation of funds so that they are well prepared to deal with the possibility of a "two-front" war on both northern and western borders.

Sources said government is aware of China significantly ramping up its air and naval powers, adding the aim is to equip both the the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy with capabilities at par with its adversaries.

To bolster its operational capability, the Navy has already finalised a plan to have 200 ships, 500 aircraft and 24 attack submarines in the next 3-4 years. At present, the Navy has around 132 ships, 220 aircraft and 15 submarines.

The sources said the government is also determined to significantly enhance IAF's overall combat capabilities and a detailed plan is being finalised.

The government is also working on a mega defence project to make the airspace over almost all its major cities, including Delhi and Mumbai, virtually impregnable, the sources said.

It is also inducting the first batch of its intercontinental ballistic missile system -- Agni V -- which is expected to significantly bolster the country's air defence system.

The missile, with a strike range of 5,000 km, is capable of carrying a nuclear warhead. Very few countries, including the US, China, Russia, France and North Korea, have intercontinental ballistic missiles.

In its missile armoury, India currently has Agni-1 with a 700 km range, Agni-2 with a 2,000-km range, Agni-3 and Agni-4 with 2,500 km to more than 3,500-km range.

The sources said the government's focus will be to develop the domestic defence industry and key policy initiatives are expected to be rolled out for it in the next couple of months.
 

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It is also inducting the first batch of its intercontinental ballistic missile system -- Agni V -- which is expected to significantly bolster the country's air defence system.
Who are the Chu****s who write these things?
 

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Indian MoD’s Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) sanctions ₹3300 crore for 3 @MakeInIndia projects:
1. 3rd Generation ATGM
2. APU for T-90 & T-72
3. Electronic Warfare systems high high altitude areas


 

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