China Economy: News & Discussion

[ym888]

World University Rankings 2024: China creeps closer to top 10

World University Rankings 2024: China creeps closer to top 10

North America has also revived while Oceania’s international outlook has dipped. Patrick Jack picks out key rankings trends

www.timeshighereducation.com

 

[ym888]

What is China’s hydrogen fuel and transport strategy?

China's hydrogen industry development on the "fast track" (expert interpretation)

Interviewed expert: Jia Weilei, vice president of Beijing Ecological Civilization Engineering Research Institute and researcher of Budapest Center for Long-term Sustainable Development

People's Daily Overseas Edition (10th edition, April 24, 2023)



Recently, the 2023 China International Clean Energy Expo and China International Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Industry Exhibition was held. The picture shows the audience visiting the solution of green hydrogen production system.

Photo by Chen Xiaogen (People's Vision)



According to the Nihon Keizai Shimbun, China has positioned hydrogen energy as an important part of the national energy system. To this end, China issued the "Medium and Long-Term Plan for the development of Hydrogen energy Industry (2021-2035)", proposing that by 2025, the number of fuel cell vehicles using hydrogen energy will reach about 50,000, and the amount of hydrogen production from renewable energy will reach 100,000 to 200,000 tons/year, and will popularize hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in areas such as buses and logistics. China also proposed to promote international cooperation in the field of hydrogen energy and help the infrastructure construction of countries along the Belt and Road.



The Spanish "Abez newspaper" website reported that green hydrogen energy is getting more and more attention from the world's major economies, and China has joined this wave to seek to change the energy model and focus on the development of hydrogen energy.







Hydrogen energy is a secondary energy with great development prospects in the 21st century, because of its light weight, strong thermal conductivity, high heating value, clean and low-carbon, recyclable and other multiple characteristics, and it has great application potential in transportation, industry, construction and other fields.



China has made progress on many fronts in the field of hydrogen energy: First, hydrogen production capacity has steadily increased. At present, China's hydrogen production is about 33 million tons, of which about 12 million tons meet industrial hydrogen quality standards, and it is the world's largest hydrogen production country, which has great potential in hydrogen energy supply. Second, hydrogen technology continues to develop. China has initially mastered the main technologies and production processes of hydrogen energy preparation, storage and transportation, hydrogenation, fuel cells and system integration, and made breakthroughs in long-distance hydrogen transportation technology. Third, the application field of hydrogen energy is gradually expanding. China has achieved small-scale demonstration applications of fuel cell vehicles in some regions, becoming one of the countries that are internationally recognized as most likely to take the lead in realizing the industrialization of hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen vehicles. The number of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles reached 14,979, ranking third in the world. Fourth, the construction of hydrogen refueling stations is being rolled out. By the end of 2022, China has built 310 hydrogen refueling stations, ranking first in the world. Fifth, the hydrogen energy industry shows a trend of cluster development. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have brought together more than 300 industrial enterprises above designated size across the entire industrial chain.



In recent years, China has focused on the layout of hydrogen energy industry, laying a good foundation for the further development of hydrogen energy technology and industrial chain. The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and The State Council on Fully, Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Concept and Doing a good job of carbon Peaking carbon neutrality" requires that the whole chain development of hydrogen energy "production, storage and transportation" be promoted as a whole. The "Action Plan for Carbon Peak before 2030" proposes to accelerate the research and development and demonstration application of hydrogen energy technology, and explore large-scale application in industry, transportation, construction and other fields. The "14th Five-Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development" proposes to carry out large-scale demonstration of renewable energy hydrogen production and promote green hydrogen replacement in key areas such as chemical industry, coal mining, and transportation. The Medium and Long-Term Plan for the Development of Hydrogen Energy Industry (2021-2035) clearly states that hydrogen energy is a key direction for the development of strategic emerging industries, and a new growth point for the construction of a green and low-carbon industrial system and industrial transformation and upgrading. In addition to a series of top-level designs, local governments have issued more than 70 related supporting policies to jointly build a comprehensive hydrogen energy development system covering scientific and technological innovation, application demonstration, infrastructure, industrial layout and other links.



There is broad space for global cooperation on green hydrogen energy, and China has always actively integrated into the global hydrogen energy industrial chain and supply chain, and strengthened open cooperation with other countries in technological innovation, green hydrogen energy trade, and standard rules. In recent years, the China Hydrogen Energy Alliance has actively carried out joint industrial research between China and Europe, promoted the construction of the "Belt and Road" green hydrogen trade corridor between China and Europe, and jointly promoted the green development of the China-Eu hydrogen energy industry. Not long ago, the National Energy Group also signed an expansion cooperation agreement with the French Electric Power Group, planning to jointly build a "scenery hydrogen storage" green energy synergic integration of the offshore integrated smart energy island demonstration project in Dongtai, Jiangsu province, with a total planned installed capacity of 1.5 million kilowatts, and will actively reach a specific cooperation and investment opportunity for third-party market renewable energy projects. In December 2022, the China Hydrogen Energy Alliance Research Institute, together with the Suzhou Municipal People's Government and a number of enterprises, initiated the establishment of the China-Eu Hydrogen energy Technology Innovation Center, focusing on the research, personnel training, equipment technology demonstration and incubation of the China-Eu hydrogen energy industry.



China Hydrogen Energy Alliance predicts that in 2026-2035, the output value of China's hydrogen energy industry will reach 5 trillion yuan. In the future, to guide the healthy and orderly development of the hydrogen energy industry, we should continue to make efforts in the following aspects: First, systematically build a system to support the high-quality development and innovation of the hydrogen energy industry, improve the level of key core technologies, strive to build industrial innovation support platforms, promote the construction of hydrogen energy professionals, and actively carry out international cooperation in hydrogen energy technology innovation; The second is to promote the construction of hydrogen energy infrastructure as a whole, rationally layout hydrogen production facilities, steadily build storage and transportation systems, and plan hydrogenation networks as a whole; Third, steadily promote diversified demonstration applications of hydrogen energy, orderly promote demonstration applications in the field of transportation, actively carry out demonstration applications in the field of energy storage, rationally layout multiple applications in the field of power generation, and gradually explore alternative applications in the industrial field; Fourth, accelerate the improvement of the hydrogen energy development policy and institutional guarantee system, establish and improve the hydrogen energy policy system, establish and improve the hydrogen energy industry standard system, and strengthen the safety supervision of the whole chain.

 

[RoaringTigerHiddenDragon]

Are unreliable sources


I understand how Indians feel

CCTV, CGTN and a host of other CCP sponsored media are massive propaganda machines. Heck WSJ and Bloomberg print Chinese propaganda for a few millions of dollars in advertising. Everyone and their donkeys know that. Lol.

 

[RoaringTigerHiddenDragon]

China's hydrogen industry development on the "fast track" (expert interpretation)

Interviewed expert: Jia Weilei, vice president of Beijing Ecological Civilization Engineering Research Institute and researcher of Budapest Center for Long-term Sustainable Development

People's Daily Overseas Edition (10th edition, April 24, 2023)



Recently, the 2023 China International Clean Energy Expo and China International Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Industry Exhibition was held. The picture shows the audience visiting the solution of green hydrogen production system.

Photo by Chen Xiaogen (People's Vision)



According to the Nihon Keizai Shimbun, China has positioned hydrogen energy as an important part of the national energy system. To this end, China issued the "Medium and Long-Term Plan for the development of Hydrogen energy Industry (2021-2035)", proposing that by 2025, the number of fuel cell vehicles using hydrogen energy will reach about 50,000, and the amount of hydrogen production from renewable energy will reach 100,000 to 200,000 tons/year, and will popularize hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in areas such as buses and logistics. China also proposed to promote international cooperation in the field of hydrogen energy and help the infrastructure construction of countries along the Belt and Road.



The Spanish "Abez newspaper" website reported that green hydrogen energy is getting more and more attention from the world's major economies, and China has joined this wave to seek to change the energy model and focus on the development of hydrogen energy.







Hydrogen energy is a secondary energy with great development prospects in the 21st century, because of its light weight, strong thermal conductivity, high heating value, clean and low-carbon, recyclable and other multiple characteristics, and it has great application potential in transportation, industry, construction and other fields.



China has made progress on many fronts in the field of hydrogen energy: First, hydrogen production capacity has steadily increased. At present, China's hydrogen production is about 33 million tons, of which about 12 million tons meet industrial hydrogen quality standards, and it is the world's largest hydrogen production country, which has great potential in hydrogen energy supply. Second, hydrogen technology continues to develop. China has initially mastered the main technologies and production processes of hydrogen energy preparation, storage and transportation, hydrogenation, fuel cells and system integration, and made breakthroughs in long-distance hydrogen transportation technology. Third, the application field of hydrogen energy is gradually expanding. China has achieved small-scale demonstration applications of fuel cell vehicles in some regions, becoming one of the countries that are internationally recognized as most likely to take the lead in realizing the industrialization of hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen vehicles. The number of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles reached 14,979, ranking third in the world. Fourth, the construction of hydrogen refueling stations is being rolled out. By the end of 2022, China has built 310 hydrogen refueling stations, ranking first in the world. Fifth, the hydrogen energy industry shows a trend of cluster development. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have brought together more than 300 industrial enterprises above designated size across the entire industrial chain.



In recent years, China has focused on the layout of hydrogen energy industry, laying a good foundation for the further development of hydrogen energy technology and industrial chain. The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and The State Council on Fully, Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Concept and Doing a good job of carbon Peaking carbon neutrality" requires that the whole chain development of hydrogen energy "production, storage and transportation" be promoted as a whole. The "Action Plan for Carbon Peak before 2030" proposes to accelerate the research and development and demonstration application of hydrogen energy technology, and explore large-scale application in industry, transportation, construction and other fields. The "14th Five-Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development" proposes to carry out large-scale demonstration of renewable energy hydrogen production and promote green hydrogen replacement in key areas such as chemical industry, coal mining, and transportation. The Medium and Long-Term Plan for the Development of Hydrogen Energy Industry (2021-2035) clearly states that hydrogen energy is a key direction for the development of strategic emerging industries, and a new growth point for the construction of a green and low-carbon industrial system and industrial transformation and upgrading. In addition to a series of top-level designs, local governments have issued more than 70 related supporting policies to jointly build a comprehensive hydrogen energy development system covering scientific and technological innovation, application demonstration, infrastructure, industrial layout and other links.



There is broad space for global cooperation on green hydrogen energy, and China has always actively integrated into the global hydrogen energy industrial chain and supply chain, and strengthened open cooperation with other countries in technological innovation, green hydrogen energy trade, and standard rules. In recent years, the China Hydrogen Energy Alliance has actively carried out joint industrial research between China and Europe, promoted the construction of the "Belt and Road" green hydrogen trade corridor between China and Europe, and jointly promoted the green development of the China-Eu hydrogen energy industry. Not long ago, the National Energy Group also signed an expansion cooperation agreement with the French Electric Power Group, planning to jointly build a "scenery hydrogen storage" green energy synergic integration of the offshore integrated smart energy island demonstration project in Dongtai, Jiangsu province, with a total planned installed capacity of 1.5 million kilowatts, and will actively reach a specific cooperation and investment opportunity for third-party market renewable energy projects. In December 2022, the China Hydrogen Energy Alliance Research Institute, together with the Suzhou Municipal People's Government and a number of enterprises, initiated the establishment of the China-Eu Hydrogen energy Technology Innovation Center, focusing on the research, personnel training, equipment technology demonstration and incubation of the China-Eu hydrogen energy industry.



China Hydrogen Energy Alliance predicts that in 2026-2035, the output value of China's hydrogen energy industry will reach 5 trillion yuan. In the future, to guide the healthy and orderly development of the hydrogen energy industry, we should continue to make efforts in the following aspects: First, systematically build a system to support the high-quality development and innovation of the hydrogen energy industry, improve the level of key core technologies, strive to build industrial innovation support platforms, promote the construction of hydrogen energy professionals, and actively carry out international cooperation in hydrogen energy technology innovation; The second is to promote the construction of hydrogen energy infrastructure as a whole, rationally layout hydrogen production facilities, steadily build storage and transportation systems, and plan hydrogenation networks as a whole; Third, steadily promote diversified demonstration applications of hydrogen energy, orderly promote demonstration applications in the field of transportation, actively carry out demonstration applications in the field of energy storage, rationally layout multiple applications in the field of power generation, and gradually explore alternative applications in the industrial field; Fourth, accelerate the improvement of the hydrogen energy development policy and institutional guarantee system, establish and improve the hydrogen energy policy system, establish and improve the hydrogen energy industry standard system, and strengthen the safety supervision of the whole chain.

Are any hydrogen based transport and fueling infrastructure up and running? All this articles says that it will happen in the future, will promote etc. In India it is already up and running. What prevents China from commercializing Hydrogen tech?

 

[ym888]

Are any hydrogen based transport and fueling infrastructure up and running? All this articles says that it will happen in the future, will promote etc. In India it is already up and running. What prevents China from commercializing Hydrogen tech?

If you don't have hydrogen transport and fuel infrastructure



How to run 14,979 hydrogen fuel cell cars



The commercialization of hydrogen energy is a global issue

 

[ym888]

Sinopec announced on April 10 that the "West to East Hydrogen Transmission" hydrogen pipeline demonstration project with a total length of more than 400 kilometers has been included in the "National One Network" Construction Implementation Plan for oil and gas, marking the start of the first long-distance pure hydrogen transmission pipeline project in China. On April 16, CNPC announced that it has made a breakthrough in long-distance hydrogen transportation technology through existing natural gas pipelines, which can provide technical support for large-scale, low-cost and long-distance hydrogen energy transportation in China.







In the context of the "dual carbon" goal, hydrogen energy, as a green and low-carbon energy with more potential, is regarded by many enterprises as a new track to transform and accelerate the layout. However, at present, hydrogen is mainly transported by road such as long tube trailers, which has high transportation cost and low efficiency, seriously restricting the large-scale development of the industry. In the view of many industry insiders, pipeline hydrogen transport is the best way to achieve large-scale and long-distance transportation of hydrogen, and successive breakthroughs are of great significance to promote the rapid development of China's hydrogen industry.







Solve the contradiction between supply and demand of green hydrogen in different places







According to SINOPEC, the "West to East Hydrogen transmission" pipeline is planned from Ulanqab City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the west to Yanshan Petrochemical in Beijing in the east, with a total length of more than 400 kilometers, and is China's first trans-provincial, large-scale and long-distance pure hydrogen transmission pipeline. The first phase of the pipeline has a capacity of 100,000 tons/year, reserving a long-term improvement potential of 500,000 tons/year, and ports will be reserved in many places along the line to facilitate access to potential hydrogen sources. After the completion of the pipeline, it will be used to replace the existing fossil energy hydrogen production and transportation hydrogen in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and vigorously alleviate the mismatch between the supply and demand of green hydrogen in China.







According to the information released by petrochina, at the site of the company's Ningxia Yinchuan Ningdong natural gas hydrogen mixing pipeline demonstration project, the proportion of hydrogen in the natural gas pipeline has gradually reached 24%, and after 100 days of test operation, the overall operation of the pipeline is safe and stable.







According to the reporter of China Energy News, the hydrogen mixing ratio of existing domestic natural gas pipeline hydrogen mixing projects is only 10%, and the hydrogen mixing ratio of 24% is of great significance to the standards of hydrogen-related products and the development of the whole industry chain. Yu Bo, director of the Hydrogen Energy Research Center of Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, believes that whether it is hydrogen doped transportation of natural gas pipelines or the construction of pure hydrogen transportation pipelines, it will be a good solution to the contradiction between the supply and demand of green hydrogen in China.







"China's main green hydrogen supply is generally in the central and western regions with abundant scenery resources, and the green hydrogen supply is far away from the eastern hydrogen load center, and the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent." The healthy development of hydrogen energy industry requires economical and efficient hydrogen transport technology. Hydrogen transport through long distance pipeline has the characteristics of large transmission capacity, safety and efficiency. The development of long-distance hydrogen pipeline transportation technology will help solve the 'stuck neck' link of hydrogen transport in the hydrogen energy industry chain and further improve the domestic hydrogen energy transport system." Yu Bo told "China Energy News" reporter.







Pipeline hydrogen transport has obvious economic advantages







Data show that by the end of 2021, the total mileage of China's main natural gas pipelines has reached 116,000 kilometers. Some experts have calculated an account, with the current consumption of natural gas in China, when the hydrogen blending ratio reaches 20%, more than 10 million tons of hydrogen can be transported, about more than 560 billion kilowatt-hours of green electricity, and the transportation cost will be significantly reduced.







The "China Hydrogen Energy and fuel cell Industry White Paper" previously released by the China Hydrogen Energy Alliance pointed out that the current feasible hydrogen transport methods mainly include long tube trailers, pipelines, liquid hydrogen tank trucks, solid state hydrogen storage vehicles, etc., of which the long tube trailer transport method is more mature, but the hydrogen load is low, the hydrogen load per vehicle is 300-400 kilograms, and the economic transport distance does not exceed 150 kilometers. Not suitable for long distance, large-scale transportation.







picture







"From the transport pressure, hydrogen load, volume hydrogen storage density, economic transport distance, technical maturity and other aspects of the comparison of common hydrogen transport methods, different ways have their own characteristics and application occasions." Pipeline hydrogen transport has the characteristics of large transmission capacity, safety and efficiency, when the pipeline is fully utilized, the transport distance is long, the transport volume is large, the unit transportation cost of hydrogen transport is relatively low, and the economic advantages are significant." Yu Bo pointed out.







"The advantage of the long tube trailer is flexible and convenient, but the amount of hydrogen transported in a single time is only 300 to 400 kilograms, accounting for only 1%-2% of the total weight of the long tube trailer, and the cost is as high as 5 to 6 yuan per kilogram when the transportation distance is 100 kilometers." Based on the calculation of 4 tons of hydrogen transport per day, when the transport distance increases from 50 km to 600 km, the transport cost of 20MPa long tube trailer increases from 2.4 yuan per kg to 13.3 yuan." Liu Cuiwei, associate professor at the College of Storage and Construction Engineering of China University of Petroleum (East China), compared the data to the reporter of China Energy News, "For pipeline hydrogen transport, measured by 100% capacity utilization rate, when the transportation distance increases from 50 kilometers to 500 kilometers, the transportation cost only increases from 0.8 yuan per kilogram to 2.3 yuan. It is significantly lower than the transportation cost of gas and hydrogen long tube trailers and liquid hydrogen tank trucks, and pipeline hydrogen transportation will become the most potential mode of hydrogen transportation when hydrogen energy is fully popularized in all fields in the future."







It is urgent to form a standard system







According to the "China Energy News" reporter understands that at present, the hydrogen in the pure hydrogen pipeline can enter the chemical plant, fuel cell and other terminals, and the hydrogen and natural gas mixture in the hydrogen doped pipeline can enter the hydrogen energy community, the park or the separation and pressurization into the chemical plant, fuel cell and other terminals.







"In the industrial field, hydrogen-doped natural gas can be used in industrial boilers, heat treatment and other processes to replace some traditional fossil fuels and reduce pollutant emissions; In the field of transportation, hydrogen-doped natural gas can improve the thermal efficiency of natural gas combustion engines and reduce the methane emissions in vehicle exhaust. In the domestic and commercial sectors, hydrogen-blended natural gas can be used for domestic and commercial purposes, such as heating, cooking, hot water, etc., to achieve the universal application of clean energy." Liu Cuiwei introduced.







Despite the obvious advantages in all aspects, compared with foreign countries, China is still in the initial stage of pipeline hydrogen transport, and there is still a distance from the formation of perfect hydrogen storage and transport network channels.







"China has accumulated rich experience in the construction and operation and maintenance of pure hydrogen industrial pipelines and special pipelines, with a total mileage of more than 300 kilometers, but it lags behind in the construction of pure hydrogen long-haul pipelines, with a total mileage of less than 100 kilometers in service, and natural gas hydrogen-doped pipelines are mostly in the research and demonstration stage." Yu Bo admitted, "Overall, China has not yet formed a standard system in the design, operation and maintenance of hydrogen pipeline transportation systems, and test methods."







Professor Li Yuxing, chief of the "Hydrogen Technology" key project of the National key research and development Plan, also pointed out that at present, China's research and development of hydrogen energy key materials, equipment, parts and other aspects is still insufficient. "The deterioration of mechanical properties of materials under high pressure hydrogen environment is a key issue restricting the safety of hydrogen energy industry, at present, the hydrogen damage mechanism of hydrogen energy key materials is still unclear, and the localization of key equipment and parts still needs to be further developed." In addition, at present, there are few technical standards related to hydrogen quality, storage and transportation and safe utilization in China, and it is urgent to establish a sound national or industrial standard to regulate the safe and healthy development of the hydrogen energy industry."

 

[ym888]

On September 26, two major hydrogen energy projects in Xinjiang were launched in Karamay City.







On September 26, the new energy storage demonstration project of hydrogen energy storage peaking power station was launched in Karamay City. Photo by Yu Jiangyan/Xinjiang Daily



The two projects are the wind gas hydrogen storage integration project in Xinjiang Oilfield, and the new energy storage demonstration project of hydrogen energy storage peak-loading power station of Yuannet New Energy Technology (Shanghai) Co., LTD., respectively representing Karamay's first layout in the field of green hydrogen chemical industry and hydrogen energy storage.



Among them, the new energy storage demonstration project of hydrogen energy storage peaking power station produces hydrogen by electrolyzing water, storing renewable energy and releasing it when needed. Among them, the White alkali Tan District hydrogen energy storage peaking power station new energy storage demonstration project with a total land area of 154 acres, the first phase of construction of 400 MW photovoltaic power plants, annual generating capacity of 560 million degrees, supporting 210,000 KWH hydrogen energy storage peaking power station, annual hydrogen capacity of 130 million cubic meters, through hydrogen fuel cell power generation, an annual stable green electricity capacity of about 360 million KWH, Achieve carbon emission reduction of about 300,000 tons, the project can provide 480,000 gigajoules of zero-carbon heat source service after completion, and achieve zero-carbon heating of 480,000 square meters.



The Xinjiang oilfield scenery gas hydrogen storage integration project is a new energy project declared in accordance with the requirements of the National Energy Administration and the autonomous region people's Government, and has been included in the third batch of "Shage famine" large-scale wind power photovoltaic base construction project preparatory list in April 2023. In accordance with the upstream and downstream integration requirements of China National Petroleum Corporation, the project will build 1 million kilowatts of wind power generation, using new energy generation + grid power + multiple sets of electrolytic cell mode of hydrogen production 34,000 tons/year.

 

[RoaringTigerHiddenDragon]

If you don't have hydrogen transport and fuel infrastructure



How to run 14,979 hydrogen fuel cell cars



The commercialization of hydrogen energy is a global issue

I know that. It is in the article above. That is not what I am asking. I am asking about your as in Chinese companies’ strategy. What I am asking is has China indigenized hydrogen technology?

For example this is a Japanese company running hydrogen trucks in China. I don’t see any Chinese companies in the entire hydrogen supply chain like Reliance does in India. It looks like China is only starting to see how to do this.

 

[RoaringTigerHiddenDragon]

I know that. It is in the article above. That is not what I am asking. I am asking about your as in Chinese companies’ strategy. What I am asking is has China indigenized hydrogen technology?

For example this is a Japanese company running hydrogen trucks in China. I don’t see any Chinese companies in the entire hydrogen supply chain like Reliance does in India. It looks like China is only starting to see how to do this.

EVs are a scam by the way. Hydrogen fuel cell is the future and Japanese automakers are miles ahead due to early R&D investments. I searched for cities with hydrogen fuel pumps and vehicles running. Got nothing. What type are these 15000 hydrogen vehicles?

 

[ym888]

EVs are a scam by the way. Hydrogen fuel cell is the future and Japanese automakers are miles ahead due to early R&D investments. I searched for cities with hydrogen fuel pumps and vehicles running. Got nothing. What type are these 15000 hydrogen vehicles?

Then India and Japan should abandon the EV industry

 

[FalconSlayers]

 

[RoaringTigerHiddenDragon]

Then India and Japan should abandon the EV industry

I think the markets will abandon EV. EV just shifts the pollution to something else like highly polluting lithium ore mining and using electricity generated from fossil fuels. Compare that to using hydrogen - it is a clean fuel and the output is water. If this is mastered and scaled up nothing like it, especially for China where EV fires kill a few people every week.

 

[HariPrasad-1]

or what about they are true

Reports from Myanmar-based Narinjara News suggest that the military junta in Myanmar has expressed dissatisfaction with the JF-17 Thunder multi-role fighter planes supplied by Pakistan, deeming them unfit for operation. Sources reveal that a stern message has been conveyed to Islamabad to address the issues.

Myanmar angry with Pakistan over ‘unfit’ JF-17 Thunder supplied by Islamabad - Defence Street

Reports from Myanmar-based Narinjara News suggest that the military junta in Myanmar has expressed dissatisfaction with the JF-17 Thunder multi-role fighter planes supplied by Pakistan, deeming them unfit for operation. Sources reveal that a stern message has been conveyed to Islamabad to...

www.defencestreet.com

JF 17 is a worthless junk only good enough to bomb civilian area like Baluchistan and Pashtunistan. It is a rejected Russian design made into plane by Chinese who themselves do not want to induct it. I have never tried to compare it with Tejas seriously. I have compared Tejas Mk1 with Gripen C/D and MWF with Gripen E.

 

[HariPrasad-1]

China is facing deflation. Rates are going down. Nobody is ready to buy property at less than half of the cost. China is in serious turmoil. Recovery is not possible from here. They can fake the GDP and GDP growth rate figures till the balloon is completely bust.

 

[ym888]

I think the markets will abandon EV. EV just shifts the pollution to something else like highly polluting lithium ore mining and using electricity generated from fossil fuels. Compare that to using hydrogen - it is a clean fuel and the output is water. If this is mastered and scaled up nothing like it, especially for China where EV fires kill a few people every week.

Why Hydrogen Cars Will Never Be Successful
BYJAMES O'NEIL
PUBLISHED APR 10, 2023

Hydrogen is good for greenwashing, but it's a solution to a problem that does not exist

Volkswagen
By now, it’s obvious that electric cars are the future of traffic. Previous attempts at ditching the engine resulted in cars that were too weird, too underpowered, or otherwise useless for everyday driving. Or, if they were successful like GM’s EV1, they were nevertheless taken away from drivers under circumstances that remain hotly debated in comment threads to this day. It wasn’t until the first Teslas touched pavement that anyone but the most dedicated enthusiast wanted an electric car. But now, in addition to thrilling electric performance cars with whiplash-inducing 0-60 mph times, we have unremarkable electric commuter cars. While automotive aficionados may love to hate “appliance cars,” this is a crucial tipping point in the electrification of traffic. The “I just want to get from A to B” crowd (that is, most people) is growing comfortable with a car that gets plugged in at night. These days, with engine-free cars taking a growing share of the road, the public’s initial suspicions about the first-generation Prius seem quaint.

TOPSPEED VIDEO OF THE DAY







































































At present, two systems are vying to power the electric cars of the future: hydrogen fuel cells and batteries. While one can technically purchase an electric car of either type, only battery-electric vehicles have found any real success. While hydrogen cars may never totally go away, they also have little chance of large-scale popularity.

RELATED:Why Electric Cars Are Better Than Hydrogen Cars
All That Hydrogen Has To Come From Somewhere
Toyota
Anyone who remembers their science lessons will know that hydrogen is one of the most common elements in the universe. However, free-floating purified hydrogen gas, ready to pump through a fuel cell’s electrodes, is not easy to collect from the air. Right now, most purified hydrogen is made from natural gas. Although nothing but water comes out of a hydrogen car’s tailpipe, a lot of fossil fuels are involved in getting the hydrogen into the car. Whether the smog comes out of a tailpipe on a city street or a faraway refinery that provided the natural gas to refine into hydrogen, it ends up in the atmosphere all the same. One could argue that electric cars similarly relocate their emissions to the power plant that provided the electricity to charge them. While charging an electric car from a power outlet that’s ultimately connected to a coal plant isn’t exactly a win for the atmosphere, renewable energy is on the rise. If a car charging station isn’t already powered by a wind farm or by solar energy, it easily could be in the near future.

It’s true that other, more sustainable methods for producing hydrogen gas exist. But so far, natural gas remains the cheapest source. Other, petroleum-free methods for deriving hydrogen, such as water electrolysis, require intense amounts of electricity. A Forbes article hilariously stated that “if the electricity comes from abundant wind and solar, then it does not matter how inefficient hydrogen-making is.” One wonders if the writer has noticed the annual pleas from power companies to ease up on the air conditioning during the worst of the summer. Regardless of whether solar and wind solve the longstanding problem of overloaded power grids, the inefficiency will certainly matter when the cost of all that abundant electricity gets factored into the price at the hydrogen pump.
RELATED:What Nobody Is Telling You About Hydrogen Combustion Engines

Hydrogen Would Require A Lot More Infrastructure Than Battery Electric Cars
Rob Crandall / Shutterstock

At present, the United States only has a handful of hydrogen stations scattered across California and one in Hawaii. Canada has exactly one hydrogen station in Montreal. If one wants to venture beyond the few cities that have hydrogen fueling stations, one would have to custom-order a Toyota Mirai with a towing package and bring a trailer of extra hydrogen tanks. It’s easy to say that one could install hydrogen pumps at existing fuel stations. However, that ignores the fact that said pumps would require new hydrogen refineries that don’t yet exist, networks of tanker delivery trucks that have not been organized, and the rest of the infrastructure that would have to be made nearly from scratch. Electric charging stations, on the other hand, merely need to be connected to the power lines that already exist. It’s true that power grids will need to be expanded as electric cars grow more common. However, it is easier to expand existing infrastructure than to create it from nothing.

RELATED:10 Hydrogen Cars To Look Out For

Hydrogen May Have Uses, But Not In Passenger Cars
Toyota
While hydrogen passenger cars may never be successful, the technology has shown promise for commercial use. Long-haul trucking in particular may be a better match for hydrogen than batteries in a post-gasoline future. The short refueling time and hydrogen’s immunity to temperature changes (all batteries lose efficiency in severe cold) may make hydrogen a common fuel for long-distance trucking routes. Furthermore, battery weight is a solved problem for domestic vehicles, but the battery required to power a delivery truck can approach five tons. While any competent engineer can design a truck that can support the weight, the truck’s motor would expend a lot of energy just to propel the battery alone. However, while hydrogen may be a better match for the sort of vehicles whose drivers must pay attention to the height-clearance signs under bridges, buses, and delivery trucks have vastly different needs than passenger cars. Future shipments of battery electric cars may reach dealerships on hydrogen-powered trucks, but that doesn’t make hydrogen a good fit for the cars themselves.

RELATED:Everything You Need To Know About Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles

Hydrogen Has Problems That Batteries Have Already Solved
Toyota
It’s telling that Honda has recently ended production of the hydrogen-powered Clarity. While Toyota’s Mirai continues to be a stylish demonstration of what a hydrogen car could be, don't expect hydrogen cars to take the roads from battery-powered vehicles. In all likelihood, hydrogen cars will at most be as common as propane conversions are on gasoline engines today. While hydrogen fuel cells will certainly find countless uses in the near future, passenger cars probably won’t be one of them.

 

[ym888]

Hydrogen Cars Are Dead As Projects Are Scrapped and Refueling Prices Go Through the Roof
Published: 20 Sep 2023, 11:11 UTC• By:
Cristian Agatie

Those who see hydrogen as the fuel of the future are betting on a dead horse. Amid canceled hydrogen projects and skyrocketing hydrogen prices, people who bought an FCEV vehicle like a Hyundai Nexo or Toyota Mirai are in for a rude awakening.
7 photos
Photo: Shell


Although battery-electric vehicles have proved they are the best to replace ICE vehicles, many people still expect a miracle fuel to save the combustion engine. For many, this miracle fuel is hydrogen, a gas that promises to burn with zero carbon emissions. Hydrogen is also the most abundant element on Earth, so it looked like the perfect solution for decarbonization. Well, things didn't pan out the way hydrogen proponents have imagined.

Hydrogen vehicles are still an exotic appearance due to their sky-high prices, whereas hydrogen proved a nightmare to produce, transport, and store. This is why hydrogen refueling stations are confined to small areas, like California in the US, and clean fuel prices are too high to make sense economically. Still, this didn't prevent car companies like Toyota from pouring billions into hydrogen vehicle development. Today, most hydrogen FCEV vehicles in California are Toyota Mirai, which is owed chiefly to Toyota heavily subsidizing the hydrogen refueling costs.

Shell, the biggest oil company in the world and one significant supplier of hydrogen fuel for both heavy-duty and passenger vehicles, started a year ago to close its car-focused hydrogen filling stations across the globe. The move culminated in August when Shell announced closing all its car-focused filling stations in California while only keeping three heavy-duty stations. These stations were located in San Francisco (two), Sacramento, Berkeley, and Citrus Heights.
Shell scraps plans for new hydrogen filling stations
Shell went a step further and scrapped plans to build 48 new hydrogen filling stations in California for which it had been awarded a $41 million grant. No money has changed hands yet, and the oil giant formally rejected the funding in July, citing "political and economic uncertainty." At this stage, Shell has no plans to build and operate additional light-duty vehicle fueling stations in California. Considering that Shell closed all its hydrogen stations in the UK last year, we can safely assume the trend is here to stay.

Building a hydrogen filling station costs about $2 million, as estimated by the California-based trade body Hydrogen Fuel Cell Partnership. Since only 17,000 hydrogen-fueled cars have ever been sold or leased in the state, recouping the investment looks unlikely. This has forced operators to jack up the hydrogen prices, making it more expensive to operate an FCEV vehicle in the state.

California's largest hydrogen retailer, True Zero, which owns 37 of the 53 filling stations in the state, recently raised the price of hydrogen to $36 per kilogram. This represents a massive 20% hike over the previous price of $30. In April 2021, the same stations charged their customers only $13 per kilogram of hydrogen. At these rates, owning an FCEV vehicle is painful despite the big incentives carmakers like Toyota use to lure buyers.

Toyota offered buyers of the Mirai free hydrogen fuel up to the value of $15,000, paid via a fuel card. This has been a significant selling point, as it promised to make the Mirai substantially cheaper to operate compared to electric vehicles. Considering the increased hydrogen pricing, the card only covers the fuel for 30,000 miles or about two years. After that point, operating a Mirai would be 14 times as expensive compared to an electric car like the Tesla Model 3.
A hydrogen car is 14 times more expensive to operate than an EV
The calculations are based on Toyota Mirai's hydrogen tank capacity of 5.6 kilograms, which costs $202 to fill up. Considering the Mirai's claimed driving range of about 400 miles (647 km), this represents about $0.50 per mile traveled. By comparison, a Tesla Model 3 RWD has a 60-kWh battery capacity, which costs $12 to fully charge at California's average electricity prices. With the official range of 333 miles on a full battery, the Model 3 costs $0.036 per mile.

The Tesla is even cheaper to operate if charged overnight with more affordable electricity. Those with solar panels can recharge almost free of charge at home, which makes owning an electric vehicle a no-brainer. Not to mention that most hydrogen sold to consumers is made from fossil fuels. This makes some people consider that the hydrogen price hikes are caused by the rise of natural gas prices. This is not true, as gas procurement prices in California have actually fallen dramatically from the record highs in January.

The rising prices of hydrogen and companies scrapping plans to build new stations show exactly what to expect as the world abandons fossil fuels. With more and more electric vehicles, the price of refueling ICE vehicles will increase dramatically. Oil companies already feel the heat, and that's why they talk so warmly about hydrogen as the perfect replacement for fuel and natural gas. Some, like Shell, are even smarter and skip hydrogen while investing heavily in EV charging stations.

 

[ym888]

5 Reasons Why Hydrogen fuel Cars Failed



The world has recently been moving toward sustainable transportation and green energy use. Vehicles backed by green energy contribute to sustainable transportation, minimization of greenhouse gas emissions, and give energy independence. Thus, green energy transportation arises into two different paths in the form of EVs and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology.
Electric vehicles run on lithium-ion batteries or fuel cell technology. Fuel cell technology is considered the greenest technology used in producing electric or fuel engine-based vehicles. Whereas Hydrogen cars use hydrogen fuel cell technology, an electrochemical process of hydrogen and oxygen to produce electric energy, and water as a by-product. Fuel cell tech-based vehicles use hydrogen fuel to generate electricity which is utilized to run vehicles. Though hydrogen is the most abundant element on the earth, it has to be extracted from other materials like water to use as a clean and green energy source. Compared to other fuels Hydrogen fuel is much more expensive. Hydrogen fuel technology requires more investment in time and money because precious and expensive metals like platinum, titanium, and iridium are required as a catalyst in the reaction. So, the cost of raw materials used in this technology is not so affordable for companies to start a business and manufacture hydrogen cars. Around 2010, hydrogen cars were introduced as an effective and efficient technology in the automobile industry, but the efficiency and energy conservation in hydrogen cars is low, which results in the decline of these vehicles from the sustainable transport market. So, hydrogen cars were considered a revolutionary technology, but EV technology dominated them, which resulted in the failure of hydrogen cars.
Let’s check out some reasons behind the failure of hydrogen cars.

• Hydrogen cars are overly expensive

As any new technology comes up with high prices, hydrogen cars are also no exception to this. Hydrogen-powered cars are expensive due to the use of precious metals like titanium and platinum, which increase their price compared to EV vehicles. The storage, extraction, and transportation process required to make hydrogen fuel is more complex and costlier than fossil fuel. In the USA, the starting price of a hydrogen car ranges between $49,000 to $56,000, which is far more expensive than the normal hybrid and EV vehicles. Therefore, if we study economically, hydrogen car is not an investment option for many people yet.

• Low efficiency

The efficiency of any car can be determined by checking how much amount of energy is conserved during the process of hydrogen production. EVs have nearly 85-90 % of efficiency, and hydrogen cars only have 25-30 % of efficiency. Almost 45 percent of energy is lost to produce hydrogen during the electrolysis process in hydrogen cars which lowers their efficiency and energy conservation. Electric vehicles require an optimum amount of energy to charge onboard batteries in them. So, currently, electric cars are preferred over hydrogen cars all over the world.

• Lack of proper infrastructure

Many countries have adopted a sustainable transportation system and EVs with charging grid infrastructure for EV owners. But, there are no such infrastructural arrangements for hydrogen cars yet. Aside from the lack of fuel stations, there is also the absence of good maintenance and repair because many mechanics are not yet amicable with hydrogen car repair. Therefore, if anyone owns a hydrogen car and has a problem, then that person might not be able to fix it, easily!

• EV technology is improving

We have seen the increasing use of EVs by people in the last two years. The global electronic and automobile market share has witnessed an enormous rise in the past few years, and the world expects that increasing use of EVs will bring a drastic change in the automobile industry. As EVs are already reaching the peak in sustainable and green transportation, hydrogen cars are left behind in this advancement. Affordable prices, available infrastructure, and improving technology convince people and consumers to buy EVs over hydrogen cars.

• Hydrogen cars are not eco-friendly

It is assumed that hydrogen cars and hydrogen fuel technology are green and efficient because the process of production of hydrogen fuel by electrolysis is completely environmentally friendly. In the process of electrolysis, water and hydrogen are the by-products of this reaction which does not harm any natural factor. For the production of cheap hydrogen fuel, fossil fuels like gasoline or diesel are used, which create emissions and combustion of harmful gasses. So if hydrogen cars will be used in the future, due to advanced technology, then people will obviously use cheap hydrogen fuel over expensive ones. So this is also one of the disadvantages of hydrogen cars and the reason behind their failure in the automobile market.
The Bottom Line
These are some reasons behind the failure of hydrogen cars in the EV market. Battery-based EVs are already capturing the worldwide market of the automobile industry, so there is limited scope for hydrogen cars in the present day. Some researchers say that technology related to hydrogen cars is constantly improving, so there may be a chance to see hydrogen cars on the road if the technology and efficiency of these cars will improve in the future.

 

[ym888]

Japan Tried to Build a Hydrogen Society. It Backfired Spectacularly.
Seemed like a good idea at the time.

BY DARREN ORFPUBLISHED: JAN 26, 2023
SAVE ARTICLE

Andriy Onufriyenko//Getty Images

• Japan has long been a leader in hydrogen energy and fuel cell technology.
• Companies like Toyota plan to build entire cities entirely powered by hydrogen.
• A new report from an environmental think-tank argues that Japan is investing in the wrong applications for hydrogen technology and the determine of its decarbonization efforts.

In the past couple decades, scientists and engineers have come up with lots of ways to rapidly decarbonize the planet—but some ideas are better than others.
Take, for instance, hydrogen. Thanks to the discovery of electrolysis, hydrogen’s been a known source of energy for centuries, but Japan became a frontrunner in that energy source in recent years because of its status as a resource-poor country. A steady supply of renewable energy isn’t just an important climate initiative, it’s a matter of national security.
However, Japan may have taken things a bit too far.
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In 2017, the country became the first in the world to adopt a national hydrogen plan, and companies like Toyota have committed to constructing futuristic cities powered by the technology. In 2021 alone, Japan spent around $800 million on investments into hydrogen power and fuel cells.
RELATED STORY

• Where Are the Hydrogen Cars We Were Promised?

But according to the Renewable Energy Institute (REI), a Japanese environmental think tank, this push to use hydrogen in every conceivable energy sector is actually doing more harm than good.
From the report:

“The 2017 Basic Hydrogen Strategy is misguided, both in terms of what hydrogen is used for and how it is produced. Moreover, it promotes the use of gray hydrogen, which does not contribute to emission reductions.”

Gray hydrogen is the most common form of hydrogen production, which uses the greenhouse gas methane.
The 20-page report doesn’t argue for hydrogen’s complete removal from the energy mix. In fact, REI argues that hydrogen is vital for industries where decarbonization is particularly tricky (think: aviation, shipping, and steelmaking). However, to use hydrogen in place of electrification via other renewable sources is a mistake, REI says.
The report continues:

“The scope of applications where energy demands can be met with electrification has grown, and the range of areas that need hydrogen have decreased. This has led to a common understanding worldwide that hydrogen should be limited to applications where it would be difficult to achieve decarbonization with other methods.”

The report identifies “bad idea applications” that have already gobbled up 70 percent of the country's hydrogen budget—things like hydrogen cars, refueling stations, and residential power systems. Adoption of this hydrogen technology has lagged far behind Japan’s estimations, and the report argues that fuel cell cars will hit just 1/40th of their sales target by 2030. This lopsided interest in hydrogen could also be harming the country’s solar panel adoption as the report notes Japan lags behind some European peers when it comes to building out its solar infrastructure.
REI punctures the often-reported facts about Japan’s utopian-esque hydrogen society. It’s unlikely the report will put a stop to megaprojects like Toyota’s “Woven City,” but those cities might not live in the green-energy future that they imagined.

 

[Azaad]

Japan Tried to Build a Hydrogen Society. It Backfired Spectacularly.
Seemed like a good idea at the time.

BY DARREN ORFPUBLISHED: JAN 26, 2023
SAVE ARTICLE

Andriy Onufriyenko//Getty Images

• Japan has long been a leader in hydrogen energy and fuel cell technology.
• Companies like Toyota plan to build entire cities entirely powered by hydrogen.
• A new report from an environmental think-tank argues that Japan is investing in the wrong applications for hydrogen technology and the determine of its decarbonization efforts.

In the past couple decades, scientists and engineers have come up with lots of ways to rapidly decarbonize the planet—but some ideas are better than others.
Take, for instance, hydrogen. Thanks to the discovery of electrolysis, hydrogen’s been a known source of energy for centuries, but Japan became a frontrunner in that energy source in recent years because of its status as a resource-poor country. A steady supply of renewable energy isn’t just an important climate initiative, it’s a matter of national security.
However, Japan may have taken things a bit too far.
MORE FROM POPULAR MECHANICS
How the CIA Recruits New Agents

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取消静音
当前时间 0:29
加载完毕: 44.22%


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看: How the CIA Recruits New Agents

In 2017, the country became the first in the world to adopt a national hydrogen plan, and companies like Toyota have committed to constructing futuristic cities powered by the technology. In 2021 alone, Japan spent around $800 million on investments into hydrogen power and fuel cells.
RELATED STORY

• Where Are the Hydrogen Cars We Were Promised?

But according to the Renewable Energy Institute (REI), a Japanese environmental think tank, this push to use hydrogen in every conceivable energy sector is actually doing more harm than good.
From the report:

Gray hydrogen is the most common form of hydrogen production, which uses the greenhouse gas methane.
The 20-page report doesn’t argue for hydrogen’s complete removal from the energy mix. In fact, REI argues that hydrogen is vital for industries where decarbonization is particularly tricky (think: aviation, shipping, and steelmaking). However, to use hydrogen in place of electrification via other renewable sources is a mistake, REI says.
The report continues:

The report identifies “bad idea applications” that have already gobbled up 70 percent of the country's hydrogen budget—things like hydrogen cars, refueling stations, and residential power systems. Adoption of this hydrogen technology has lagged far behind Japan’s estimations, and the report argues that fuel cell cars will hit just 1/40th of their sales target by 2030. This lopsided interest in hydrogen could also be harming the country’s solar panel adoption as the report notes Japan lags behind some European peers when it comes to building out its solar infrastructure.
REI punctures the often-reported facts about Japan’s utopian-esque hydrogen society. It’s unlikely the report will put a stop to megaprojects like Toyota’s “Woven City,” but those cities might not live in the green-energy future that they imagined.

You mean Japan tried innovating like it usually does.

 

[KurtisBrian]

Then India and Japan should abandon the EV industry

that actually is a good idea. Sort of similar to driving on right vs left and altering electrical outlets. Protectionism leading to jobs by using different energy sources and storage methods.

The Japanese can live with their new Indian allies. They both can enjoy riding around on Japanese HSR in Japan and on hydrogen buses in India. Japanese girl on Youtube said she loved India and Indians.
Chinese can live with their new Pakistani and African allies. They can ride around in EV cars in the poor nations (will need to build working electrical grids) and HSR in China.

Jobs and industry for everyone.