sir, can you please translate that article and post it here . Unable to read it
Google translation .
Central Institute of Aviation Motors named after PI Baranov - State Research Center of Russian Federation, conducting a full range of research and development in the field of aircraft engine. Vladimir Ivanovich confirmed that the Institute was engaged in fine-tuning and testing prototypes engine Kaveri, derived from India. Works were carried out fully in accordance with the contract. Indian side gave specific recommendations to improve the engine. Partly, they were embodied in one of the prototypes. Then install it on a flying laboratory LII MM Gromov based on the Il-76. Plane completed a series of flights from Moscow airfield "Ramenskoye" in order to verify the performance of the engine on the given flight conditions.
In August 2010, was distributed to the press release, in which the company-developer GTRE argued that using CIAM Baranov she tries to achieve full compliance with the specifications of the engine parameters. By the time the work has been successfully demonstrated prototype engine at a given altitude and speed up to the speed of sound. In early November 2010, a prototype index K9 performed the first flight of flying laboratory LII IL-76. Indian powerplant thrust created during the entire flight, from takeoff to landing, including the cruising site at 6000 meters. At cruising site for longer than an hour flying laboratory accelerated to a speed corresponding to M = 0,6. There was a consistent engine performance GTX-35VS and "excellent parameters of the cycle."
According Babkin CIAM completely and with high quality done his work, which has been confirmed by tests. But since then, several years have passed, and the Kaveri and did not go to series. Moreover, its developers are again looking for foreign partners on the final design of the engine. In particular, for help addressed to the French company SNECMA. However, negotiators failed to reach mutually acceptable financial terms. For its part, CIAM is ready to resume cooperation with the Indian customers. Moreover, the close relationship with the Russian spoken by many Indian politicians, military and industrials. However, the desire to make LCA Tejas is the least "Russian" prevents this.
At various times, some Western firms provided the Indian side advisory services for Kaveri. However, no one was willing and not willing to truly share the exhaust, ready for the introduction of critical technologies in a very sensitive area of "‹"‹military engines. It also allowed Russia to use only as a last resort when other options are not tested.
Independent of the full technical assistance to Russia, GTX-35VS creators put themselves in a very difficult situation. They were late with full readiness to launch products in the series. As of today, the national motor is no longer seen as a powerplant fighter Tejas. But Air India believe that Kaveri may, if required by the customer to achieve the parameters to be set on the twin-engine fighter promising next-generation unmanned AMCA and percussion device of the future. They are being developed under the aegis of DRDO.
Why powerplant local development can not yet fully meet the requirements of the Indian Air Force and a real competitor to American motors on LCA Tejas? This question AEX.ru Babkin did not respond deployed. He only reiterated that the Russian side has carefully studied the situation and issued by Kaveri Indian partners detailed, meaningful recommendations to improve it. However, CIAM noted the need to clearly observe the methodology adopted by the world's power plants to create frontline aircraft.
On the other hand, representatives of CIAM pointed out mutually beneficial cooperation with India. In particular, they stressed that the means of the Indian customer, tempered in the framework of the project Kaveri, CIAM specialists able to bring to mind a software package of complex algorithms and calculations of gas dynamics of modern turbojet engine. This package is built on the achievements of Russian scientists received in recent years, has been very useful in practice to improve and fine-tuning the Kaveri. It will be used when working on the latest Russian engines.
The decision to develop a turbojet GTRE GTX-35VS Kaveri for frontline aviation adopted in 1986. For bench testing began in 1995. At the beginning of the first decade of the new century, India has eight fully assembled engines and four additional gasifiers. By mid-February 2008 prototypes GTX-35VS passed 1700 hours of test bench. As of May 2010, the total number of running hours of prototype Kaveri reached in 1880.
In general, the engine turned. He shows good cycle parameters and maximum thrust value reached 96% of the agreed specifications. However, local experts do not have enough experience for comprehensive testing and development of such complex thermal machines. Therefore, experienced motors twice went to Russia for various types of tests. Engaging our research institutes with a strong experimental basis seemed mutually beneficial. Thus, in Russia performed tests that simulate flying at high altitude, using equipment analogues which India does not.
Note that so far the main problem of all, without exception, independent Indian developments in frontline aviation was and remains the powerplant. Attempts to invent its own aircraft engine invariably failed, and each time had to buy the necessary products abroad. An example is the history of the light and heavy fighters of past generations. On the basis of the English Gnat in the late fifties - early sixties Indian specialists developed and commercially produced lightweight fighter Ajeet. In the absence of its own motor to put him English.
In the sixties it was the turn of severe HF-24 Marut. It was created on the original platform of the famous German aircraft designer Kurt Tank (creator FW-190 and other successful aircraft of World). The prototype flew in 1961. It experienced engine prototype version E-300, created by Austrian and German engineers under the direction of Ferdinand Brandner (in the late forties - early fifties working in the USSR Brandner and his colleagues have developed a turboprop engine NK-12, which after finishing the OKB Kuznetsov still stands bomber Tu-95).
According to the complex political and economic reasons, the Indian government refused to E-300. His place was taken by the British low-power engines Rolls-Royce Orpheus 703. As such, the Indians built a series of 147 "Maruts." But instead of embedded in the aerodynamics of the aircraft maximum speed in two Mach, HF-24 proved to subsonic. Without becoming an interceptor, the aircraft is being used successfully as a fighter-bomber in the war of 1971.
Following the precepts of the first prime minister of the independent Republic of Jawaharlal Nehru, India is committed to self-sufficiency in the military field. Sometimes Indian parliamentarians hold hearings about the inefficient use of budget allocations for defense, especially in terms of new developments. In December 2012 the Minister of Defense Akaparambil Kurian Antony had to speak in the parliament with a report on the program GTRE GTX-35VS. Defense Minister gave a summary of the status of the project. He said he built nine prototypes and four engine gas generator with its own name Kabani. Total working hours - 2200 hours. Fully completed the required altitude tests. To fully implement the required tests of the first stage of acceptance Kaveri flying laboratory LII IL-76. Total flying laboratory motor running for 57 hours. At this altitude reached 12 kilometers, and Mach number M = 0,7.
Defense Minister believes that the full increase in the share of own production can and should put an end to corruption in the purchase of arms and military equipment. "We need to take strict measures to put an end to corruption and unworthy methods in awarding contracts for the purchase of arms and military equipment. Localization of military production may curb corruption, "- he says.
Help program LCA Tejas
Survey work on promising light fighter aircraft began in 1980. Before the designers intended to create replacement Soviet MiG-21 and Indian Ajeet, representing the development of the English project Gnat. In the nineties, the project moved into the program to create a light combat aircraft - Light Combat Aircraft (LCA). The car has received its own name Tejas. Among the objectives of the program - the creation of a national technological base through full ownership of key technologies and design of series-built combat aircraft manned tactical and naval aviation.
Plane designed Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) which is part of the research structure of the Ministry of Defense Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO). DRDO offices located in more than thirty cities. ADA was founded in 1984 as an umbrella organization for the new fighter program. It works in close cooperation with the State Corporation HAL, other public and private entities, including scientific, research and production.
Plane is created in three basic versions. Basic - a single multi-role fighter LCA Fighter for the Air Force. The first version of Tejas Mk1 as production will give way to a more perfect embodiment Mk2. Air Force also developed double combat trainer version of LCA Trainer. Naval forces receive "omoryachenny» LCA-Navy carrier-based aircraft carrier project to equip 71.
First flight demonstrator was held on 4 January 2001. By March 2004, a series of operations in three cars - two demonstrators and one prototype. As of today, LCA Tejas - the most compact and lightweight multi-role fighter in the world, capable of flying at a speed corresponding to M = 1.6. Indian car has aerodynamic design "tailless" (without the elevator pitch balasirovka performed elevons). Wingspan of 8.2 meters, the maximum overall length of 13.2 meters. Empty weight 6560kg, rated takeoff weight without external suspension 9800kg, combat load - up to 3500 kg, maximum takeoff weight 13200kg. On prototypes used American Motors General Electric F404-F2J3. In a series of engines were installed local development and production of Kaveri. However, due to the shifting terms of their readiness today as a propulsion engine production cars used General Electric F404-GE-IN20.
The declared cost of serial fighter - $ 35 million. According to plans of the military and industry, next year fighter reach full compliance with the Air Force, set out in the initial specification. This will make it possible to supply copies of the commodity customer. The first squadron will be formed in 2017. Then form the second squadron. After the release of forty aircraft production will switch to a more advanced version of the Tejas Mk2. Air Force announced the desire to form four squadrons LCA Mk.2. To do this, they are ready to purchase 80 machines delivered until 2030. The first squadron of Tejas Mk2 may enter the combat duty in 2025.
