Victor Murakhovski: a promising Russian tank object 195 was almost ready for mass production
Even in the darkest years of the Russian gunsmiths lack of money, despite the difficulties, continued to develop the most advanced weapons systems. One of them is already becoming legendary Russian tank Object 195, which for many years ahead of the world's most advanced design. However, currently there are attempts to diminish the feat of Nizhny Tagil tank designers. Tossed misinformation that the development of promising Russian tank completely collapsed. As things are in fact, we talk to one of the leading experts in the field of armored vehicles Victor Murakhovski.
- The new tank has successfully passed the state tests and all the technical issues of its creation was almost solved. Let's look at the main parameters that determine the combat and operational characteristics of the tank. For protection of the tank is fully consistent with the technical task, and even overlap those requirements, which were issued mainly Armor Management. In a new gun firepower in their characteristics superior to all that we had and that now is in the world. Initially there were some rough spots, because it was necessary to reach a very high specification for kreshernomu pressure, the initial velocity armor-piercing projectile. Any new technique requires fine-tuning, and a new gun at first could not fit into the requirements for the survivability of the barrel, but as a result of hard work has given a tool all the necessary features.
With regard to the harmful effect, there is the joint work of the Sverdlovsk-gunners and engineers boepripasnikov the Moscow Scientific Research Institute of Machine Building has provided armor-piercing projectile, which today is simply nothing to compare. Nothing even close to equivalent now we have no, or abroad. When people talk about protecting the most advanced modern foreign tanks on the kinetic munitions, sometimes called the inflated figures clearly advertising. So piercing projectile weapon that pierces the Project 195 real, that "advertising" armor with a huge margin. Those people who have seen the test results, received a deep impression on the capabilities of the gun.
If we talk about the fire control system, then the first phase of work is not possible to realize the original plans for the establishment of this system in its entirety. It has affected our industry lagging in some high-tech technologies, mainly on the component and the component base. It's no secret that Russia inherited from Soviet times, got a problem with the release of matrix thermal imaging devices, cooling systems, electronics, precision mechanics, high-frequency digital data processing systems. The financial and economic "famine" that occurred in the domestic industry in the 90s, only exacerbated the severity of problems.
But the idea of a multi-OMS was very brave, a breakthrough in the technical sense. The plan is almost complete automation of the job impact of the complex, close to the robotic picking processes aiming to synthesize a single image by selecting the reference channels, depending on weather and other conditions. It provides round the clock and all-weather capability of the MSA with approximately equal efficiency, its resistance to jamming in different bands.
Let me remind you that today's most advanced fire control system of tanks and other armored vehicles provide a work around the clock, but do not have the property of all-weather and drastically reduce the efficiency in noisy environments.
Because at some point, the likely timing of the requirements for the MSA in full were pushed too far and began to slow down the output stage of the machine to finish the complex has been somewhat simplified, and in this form has been successfully tested. According to its characteristics, it is not inferior to the advanced world development today.
Long-term mobility of the tank has been paid much attention to all the main parameters is significantly higher than the previous generation of machines. It is no longer a secret that has been selected, the Chelyabinsk engine, which is known as the A-85-3. There have been lengthy bench trial, a set of special tests (for reliability, high altitude, the low-viscosity oils, launchers), as well as interagency and sea trials at the facility.
In the design of the engine A-85-3 laid the technical solutions that allow him to remain for many years at the level of their foreign counterparts on key indicators, but on overall power even exceed them. Installation of a powerful engine in a limited amount of motor-transmisionnogo department required a long time to solve problems with heat transfer. In the end, all problems have been removed and the power plant has entered the specified parameters. For transmission with hydrostatic transmission, too, initially had some problems in terms of reliability, but they were successfully overcome. Cars pulling back many thousands of kilometers and in terms of the power plant with transmission fit into the specified requirements.
As for the chassis, the suspension and other components were calculated on the increased speed of movement over rough terrain, including some at the expense of robotic processes. With regard to mobility can recall mentioned in the press domestic work in the field of armored vehicles for automated driving of vehicles in the convoy, the automatic adaptation to the conditions of suspension movement, and so on.
The biggest advantage of the Project 195 is its revolutionary layout, which is fundamentally different from the so-called "classical configuration", leading its history since the French Renault Tank FT17. The main elements of the new layout were issued weapons, placing the crew in the building, separate functional compartments.
Fire explosive fragmentation of radiation inhabited a protected bay (capsule) in front of the machine, in fact, provided almost equal protection of the crew from all angles and at times increased the survival of the crew on the battlefield, even in the case of penetration of armor protection. This is a key indicator for today's Army, when it embarked on professionalization, and the costs of preparation and content of the professional crews of the life cycle of materiel closer to the cost of the equipment. No wonder the layout of the perspective of the tank, "Armata" actually inherited from the 195-th object.
Unfortunately, the Russian Defense Ministry refused to continue work on the Object 195, and stopped their funding. But this does not mean that the car should be handed over to the museum. Currently, there is some probability that the project will be continued in conjunction with one of the foreign countries with which we have a strategic partnership. I think that this tank has a future.
Speaking of the tank, not to mention the people who played a key role in its creation, who led large teams of developers, industrialists and the military: Chief Designer UKBTM, chairman of the chief designers of the Object 195 Potkin Vladimir Ivanovich, the director of "Uralvagonzavod" Little Nicholas, chiefs Main Tank-Automotive Management Galkin Alexander and Sergey Maev. The time will come, and about these people, a revolutionary next-generation tank, it will be possible to tell in detail.
Victor Ivanovich, and if we compare the object 195 from an earlier machine, which was developed in Kiev?
- In the late 80's to enter the stage of state tests was about to object 477 development of the Kharkov design bureau. If you compare it with the Tagil machine, you can understand that it is fundamentally different designs. 447-D object is developed in the framework of the ideology of the previous generation of machines. This ideology is fundamentally stemmed from the fact that there will be massive machine with a crew of draftees to participate in large-scale hostilities in the large body of troops, with the traditional scheme of control and communication, with a full complement of combat, technical and logistic support. So she repeated the ideological tradition of the Kharkov school tank: a dense layout with separate members of the crew habitable volume, which are almost never separated from the ammunition, fuel and lubricants, which are important components and assemblies of various systems of the tank.
To ensure the functioning of highly complex automatic loader, there were used designs of high kinematic complexity, with the long-run supply when charging the projectile gun, with its evolution in different planes, which affected the reliability of the automatic loader, which does not satisfy the customer.
Chassis basically there is not distinguished from the more developed for the T-64 sighting system on the parameters correspond roughly to the level that has been made "‹"‹at that time in the world tank building. In my opinion, a mistake was the choice of the unitary gun loader. 152-mm artillery round with armor-piercing discarding sabot projectile length is nearer to the growth tank.
By the end of the 80s the military has a very cool attitude to the object 477. No wonder that in 1988, was opened developmental work under the code "Improvement-88", which laid the foundation for the development of entirely new machine. Thus, the military said they Kharkov tank is not needed. The story of this car over, and copies are located in Kharkov, there it is in Kubinka. At present, it may be of a merely historical interest and museum. Even if it were not for the collapse of the Soviet Union, the tank would still be in the series did not go. And in a separate finishing and launching a series of machine current Ukrainian tank builders, I do not believe.
there is a reason why i specifically asked those 5 questions instead of asking if arjun mbt have inbuilt air conditioner or not. 
)
