Although Japan has always been a different case (and they too are limited by their budget), the argument of "attitude of government" is unobjecive and unreasonable. Japanese discipline doesn't train its students to make star wars like ships.
India's entire gap of strategic capabilities against US and China is mostly concentrated on spending abilities (and to some extent experience since India is a newbie in race).
PSUs don't hire random deluded folks. Let me tell you that they have nightmarishly tough screening procedures before recruiting personnel. Slander for laziness is good but Indian system isn't that lazy at all. It has created booming technologies even at times of this country resembled Somalia.
ISRO has funds to develop SCE-200, CALT got funds 3-4 different cycle engines for same role. Indian shipyards are running out of orders, Chinese shipyards are booked for long while both can churn out massive warships. India has given meagre funds to develop just one FGFA AMCA while China has been allocating far much funds, that even for multiple projects.
Might be off topic but more than money it is policy paralysis issue.
And lack of money is not responsible for this.
I foresee space wars already.
The moment someone is able to dig out and bring Minerals home Murica or any nation might ask a policy to equally distribute space resource. This is bound to lead to tension. Hence why Murica has created Space Force.
But after 2030s likely. China is far from inserting a space station in lunar orbit for manned mission unlike US. They will have an SHLV and would have started to practice rendezvous docking around lunar orbit sometime in mid-2030s (India would have entered the stage where China is today). Race might begin then and space budgets of US, China and India too will be increased greatly if not skyrocketed like cold war.
India nevertheless will not be able to land humans on moon before or even near the time of US. If it has to, it will take politicization of issue, $50 billions space budget, industrial repurposing at war level and a direct USvsSoviet style belligerence with US or China (and it still could turn into an accident killing Vyomanauts).
I mean space war against who
Only us Russia China Europe Japan India and somewhat Korea matter
us Japan Europe Korea and somewhat india are in one grp vs independent russia with some support from India and then alone is china with some support from China their is never going to be a space war bcs
Chinese and Russians deeply distrust each other
There is no WW2 style exclusive grouping in space powers
US & Japan are a close collaboration
US & France are a close collaboration
US & Korea are a close collaboration
India & Japan are a close collaboration
India & France are a close collaboration
Japan & France are a close collaboration
India & Russia are a close collaboration
France & Russia are a somewhat a good collaboration
China & Russia are a very strong & synchronised collaboration
US, China & India and Russia to some extent will participate in space race and weaponisation of space.