What is the difference between types of amphibious ships?
Jeffrey Smidt
Answered May 7, 2018 · Upvoted by
Mike Freeman, Retired at U.S. Marine Corps · Author has 8.1K answers and 1.1M answer views
A lot less difference than there used to be.
Dedicate amphibious warfare ships are essentially a product of World War 2. Prior to then, troops were carried by various warships and what ever civilian transport could be pressed into service. Troops were landed either by ships boats rowing them ashore, or ships had to go pierside to off load.
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Early in WW2, Cargo ships (AK) and passenger liners (AP) were taken over by militaries to serve as transports. Passenger liners (AP) typically had small cargo holds to carry some equipment, and cargo ships (AK) carried heavier stuff, with small complements of troops. These ships were modified and new ships built as Attack Transports (APA) and Attack Cargo ships (AKA) with more armaments for self protection, and dedicated assault craft carried to land the troops. Small craft like LCPL for command and control, LCVP (the classic landing craft) and larger LCM for larger equipment.
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Specialised amphibious ships were also built, like LSD (Landing Ship Dock which could flood down, and launch a large number of landing craft or amphibious tractors) LST (Landing Ship Tanks ) which could run up onto the beach a directly discharge tanks, vehicles and men ashore, LSI (Landing Ship Infantry) which also went ashore to land men. All kinds of additional types were built, LCT, AGC, LSM, LCI (D), LCI (R), and on an on, trying to find the perfect tool for the situation.
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Post WW2, the US Navy designated all the dedicated amphibious warfare ships with the L prefix, for Amphibious. APA's became LPA, AKA became LKA and AGC became LCC for Amphibious Command Ships. Helicopters cause further changes leading to the creation of LPH (Amphibious Transport Helicopter or as known as Amphibious Assault ship) and the LPD (Amphibious Transport Dock). Further development combined the LPH and LPD functions into the LHA/LHD multipurpose Amphibious Assault ship.
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Today, the US Navy has mainly uses the LHD/LHA as the large platform helicopter carrying transport, the LPD as the middle sized troop transport and the LSD as the smaller cargo focused vessel. These 3 ships generally make up a Amphibious Ready Group, and carry a Marine Expeditionary Unit as a deployable unit.