J
John
Guest
we will soon get rid of the Russians from Brahmos and then we can tinker Brahmos-1 to have higher range than 300km. This should be done by 2012.
Hypersonic Missiles
- Thread starter LETHALFORCE
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proud_indian
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^^^^^^
john any link to support your claim
it would be a interesting read
john any link to support your claim
it would be a interesting read
J
John
Guest
LiveFist - The Best of Indian Defence: EXCLUSIVE: BrahMos Wants To Shake Russia Off
They want to get rid of them in order to have longer ranges, lower prices and complete control of production, because currently the Brahmos costs a whoppping $2 million+. Hope they can accomplish this before Brahmos-2 begins flight trails, i would like Brahmos-2 to be completly Indian. Russians have been bitching with TOT.
They want to get rid of them in order to have longer ranges, lower prices and complete control of production, because currently the Brahmos costs a whoppping $2 million+. Hope they can accomplish this before Brahmos-2 begins flight trails, i would like Brahmos-2 to be completly Indian. Russians have been bitching with TOT.
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This report is simply sensational journalism nothing else go to the ManTech link provided in the BrahMos home page it does not mentions anywhere whatever livefist is talking about.
John you please stop using abusive language consider this as last warning
proud_indian
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john i have already read this but this is just a blog nothing official
LETHALFORCE
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Saraswat Named New DRDO Chief
The government decided yesterday that VK Saraswat, Chief Controller (Missiles & Strategic Systems) at India's Defence Research & Development Organisation, will be the next DG of DRDO, and its attendant office as Scientific Advisor to the Defence Minister. As I've posted earlier, Dr Saraswat is virtually synonymous with the Prithvi ballistic missile programme, though his recent renown is owed more to India's markedly successful anti-ballistic missile programme, Programme Air Defence (PAD) that has flourished during its test-phase overseen virtually single-handedly by him at DRDO Headquarters in Delhi. Losing out in the sweepstakes is Dr A Sivathanu Pillai, CEO & MD of BrahMos Aerospace, though it appears the government wants him to focus his energies on the hypersonic cruise missile programme. Here's the official release that came in today:
Eminent missile scientist Dr VK Saraswat will be the new head of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). He will take over from M Natarajan on September 1, 2009 as the Secretary, Department of Defence Research & Development, Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister and Director-General, DRDO. Dr. Saraswat is presently a Distinguished Scientist and Chief Controller Research and Development (Missiles and Strategic Systems) in the DRDO.
Padmashri Dr Vijay Kumar Saraswat spearheaded the development of country’s strategic and tactical missile systems including the ‘Agni’ series of strategic missiles covering a range up to 3,000 kms. Dr. Saraswat, a Ph.D in Combustion Engineering, started his career in DRDO in 1972 at the Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), Hyderabad and was responsible for the development of country’s first Liquid Propulsion Engine. As Project Director ‘Prithvi’’, he steered the design, development, production and induction of the first indigenous Surface-to-Surface missile system into the armed forces. The successful testing of ‘Dhanush’ missile on board a moving ship with high terminal accuracy brought a new dimension in the national defence capability. As Program Director AD (Air Defence), Dr. Saraswat pioneered the concept of theatre defence system and integration of national Air Defence elements. He was Director, Research Centre Imarat (RCI) before taking over as CCR&D(MSS) in November, 2005.
Dr Saraswat is a forerunner in the development of number of critical missile technologies that were under denial due to the Missile Technology Control Regime, thus making India self-reliant in Missile Technologies. He has headed various committees of national importance. Dr. Saraswat has received several awards including Prof Jai Krishna Memorial Award of the Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) and National Systems Gold Medal by the Systems Society of India. International Academy of Engineering, Russia elected Dr. Saraswat as a Member of the Academy and honoured him as an Academician.
The government decided yesterday that VK Saraswat, Chief Controller (Missiles & Strategic Systems) at India's Defence Research & Development Organisation, will be the next DG of DRDO, and its attendant office as Scientific Advisor to the Defence Minister. As I've posted earlier, Dr Saraswat is virtually synonymous with the Prithvi ballistic missile programme, though his recent renown is owed more to India's markedly successful anti-ballistic missile programme, Programme Air Defence (PAD) that has flourished during its test-phase overseen virtually single-handedly by him at DRDO Headquarters in Delhi. Losing out in the sweepstakes is Dr A Sivathanu Pillai, CEO & MD of BrahMos Aerospace, though it appears the government wants him to focus his energies on the hypersonic cruise missile programme. Here's the official release that came in today:
Eminent missile scientist Dr VK Saraswat will be the new head of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). He will take over from M Natarajan on September 1, 2009 as the Secretary, Department of Defence Research & Development, Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister and Director-General, DRDO. Dr. Saraswat is presently a Distinguished Scientist and Chief Controller Research and Development (Missiles and Strategic Systems) in the DRDO.
Padmashri Dr Vijay Kumar Saraswat spearheaded the development of country’s strategic and tactical missile systems including the ‘Agni’ series of strategic missiles covering a range up to 3,000 kms. Dr. Saraswat, a Ph.D in Combustion Engineering, started his career in DRDO in 1972 at the Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), Hyderabad and was responsible for the development of country’s first Liquid Propulsion Engine. As Project Director ‘Prithvi’’, he steered the design, development, production and induction of the first indigenous Surface-to-Surface missile system into the armed forces. The successful testing of ‘Dhanush’ missile on board a moving ship with high terminal accuracy brought a new dimension in the national defence capability. As Program Director AD (Air Defence), Dr. Saraswat pioneered the concept of theatre defence system and integration of national Air Defence elements. He was Director, Research Centre Imarat (RCI) before taking over as CCR&D(MSS) in November, 2005.
Dr Saraswat is a forerunner in the development of number of critical missile technologies that were under denial due to the Missile Technology Control Regime, thus making India self-reliant in Missile Technologies. He has headed various committees of national importance. Dr. Saraswat has received several awards including Prof Jai Krishna Memorial Award of the Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) and National Systems Gold Medal by the Systems Society of India. International Academy of Engineering, Russia elected Dr. Saraswat as a Member of the Academy and honoured him as an Academician.
LETHALFORCE
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Shourya/Sagarika Missile
Introduction
Shourya1 and Sagarika is a new common missile that
can be launched from multiple platforms viz. ground,
submarine and mobile launcher. Naval version is
called Sagarika while the land based version is called
Shourya. Indian doctrine of Minimum Credible Nuclear
Deterrence envisages "No First Use" (NFU) policy and
a triad of nuclear counterstrike capability. The land
based Agni-2 missile range is limited to about 3,300
Km, and the longer range Agni-3 will enter service
soon. The sea leg of the triad based on blue water
naval assets dispersed across the world's oceans is
most survivable thus a critical part of the triad. The
ability to reach all corners of a potential challenger
requires a range of 5,000 to 8,000 km. DRDO is
developing sub surface launched long range Agni-3SL
with heavy MIRV payload and ABM countermeasures.
Indian nuclear powered ATV due for sea trial in 2009
will reportedly carry 12 launch tubes2 of 2.4m diameter.
Launch tubes can be flexibly configured to either carry
a 2 meter diameter Agni-3SL or three wooden rounds3
of 0.74m diameter K15-Sagarika missile. Shourya and
Sagarika fills the short to medium range gap that is
below Agni-III’s minimum range. At operational level
these missiles provide for range of warheads
necessary for graduated nuclear escalation as
enunciated by Indian staff and military warfare
collages.
Shourya and it's relative size
This multifunction missile made in large quantities
would fulfill India's immediate requirements. The
missile optimally matches latest types of strategic
weapons tested at Pokhran-II in 1998. The missile will
most likely take over the strategic weapons role of
Prithvi and Agni-1 missiles, and make them
unambiguously dedicated for conventional roles thus
stabilizing nuclear deterrence. Shourya and its
counterpart Sagarika has been tested 6 times 5 till
date. The missile is expected to enter service in 2010.
Sagarika will be deployed on submarines and very
likely on ‘Sukanya’ class naval vessels too.
can be launched from multiple platforms viz. ground,
submarine and mobile launcher. Naval version is
called Sagarika while the land based version is called
Shourya. Indian doctrine of Minimum Credible Nuclear
Deterrence envisages "No First Use" (NFU) policy and
a triad of nuclear counterstrike capability. The land
based Agni-2 missile range is limited to about 3,300
Km, and the longer range Agni-3 will enter service
soon. The sea leg of the triad based on blue water
naval assets dispersed across the world's oceans is
most survivable thus a critical part of the triad. The
ability to reach all corners of a potential challenger
requires a range of 5,000 to 8,000 km. DRDO is
developing sub surface launched long range Agni-3SL
with heavy MIRV payload and ABM countermeasures.
Indian nuclear powered ATV due for sea trial in 2009
will reportedly carry 12 launch tubes2 of 2.4m diameter.
Launch tubes can be flexibly configured to either carry
a 2 meter diameter Agni-3SL or three wooden rounds3
of 0.74m diameter K15-Sagarika missile. Shourya and
Sagarika fills the short to medium range gap that is
below Agni-III’s minimum range. At operational level
these missiles provide for range of warheads
necessary for graduated nuclear escalation as
enunciated by Indian staff and military warfare
collages.
Shourya and it's relative size
This multifunction missile made in large quantities
would fulfill India's immediate requirements. The
missile optimally matches latest types of strategic
weapons tested at Pokhran-II in 1998. The missile will
most likely take over the strategic weapons role of
Prithvi and Agni-1 missiles, and make them
unambiguously dedicated for conventional roles thus
stabilizing nuclear deterrence. Shourya and its
counterpart Sagarika has been tested 6 times 5 till
date. The missile is expected to enter service in 2010.
Sagarika will be deployed on submarines and very
likely on ‘Sukanya’ class naval vessels too.
Wooden round. Dense smoke from launch gas
generator reduces Shourya’s launch signature [Photo
courtesy: DRDO via Shiv Aroor]
Description
Shourya is a compact, slender, two-stage, solid fuel
missile designed as a wooden round. The missile
development was initiated as project K15 and was first
flight tested6 on 27 October 2004 in the guise of solid
fueled Prithvi-III7. It is stored, deployed and launched
in a fiberglass composite canister, which is easy to
handle, mobile and can be flexibly deployed on
different types of surface and sub-surface platforms.
Shourya and Sagarika share a common design. The
missile is sealed and can be launched from a moving
submarine at 50 meter depth. The 6.2 tonne Shourya
is 10 meters long, and has two solid fuel stages of
0.74 meters diameter. The first stage booster is about
two meters long and the second about six meters long.
The missile supports a range of unitary warhead
configurations, weighing 180 to 1,000 kg. High missile
accuracy and ability to fly in a highly depressed
trajectory well within atmosphere indicates it is a
weapon of choice to interdict Command & Control
(C&C) and preemptive tactics.
The sixth test flight on November 12th, 2008 was a
depressed trajectory flight (at Mach 6 and 50km
altitude) with continuous rolling to dissipate heat over
a larger surface demonstrated mastery of difficult
aspects of rocketry involving sustained hypersonic
flight.
The wooden round design sealed in a fiber glass
canister with the aero fins folded inside in a clean &
controlled environment makes it maintenance free and
tamper proof. The missile is launched by a hot gas
generator developing 15-200 bar pressure using high
burn rate HTBP based composite propellant. The thick
dark gas cloud greatly reduces the thermal signature
of the missile.
Figure 3: Shourya on Mobile launcher. [Photo: DRDO]
Once out of the launch tube the first stage booster
motor ignites taking the missile to 5Km altitude when
the main second stage motor takes over. The booster
debris reaches a maximum altitude of 6 km, well
below the horizon of radars beyond 330 km. The clean
and small diameter missile presents a tiny RCS (radar
cross-section). The second stage air fins provide
necessary in-flight trajectory control. The main motor
is typically expended at 33 km altitude well within the
atmosphere; however the air fins remain effective
beyond post boost phase. The air fins also allow the
missile to fly in a depressed trajectory as well as
cruise and glide in sustained hypersonic regime at 50
km altitude. The payload separation can be done
much later after exploiting aerodynamics for trajectory
modification during ascent or descent. The missile is
resistant to ABM defense8.
Figure 4: Inside view of the ATV missile launch tube
that hosts 3 Sagarika missile canisters. [Photo: DRDO]
Re-entry Vehicle
Shourya Re-entry Vehicle (RV) supports wide range of
weapons, with total payload mass ranging from 180 to
1,000 Kg. The missile range is a function of payload
mass (see graph in Figure 7 below).
The November 2008 test unveiled the new generation
RV that is designed and optimized for newer boosted
fission and thermonuclear weapon (including those
awaiting confirmatory test). The sharp nose high ‘eta’
(Ballistic coefficient 9 ) RV design employs 16 cm
diameter blunt nose and half angle of 12° that is
mounted on a payload adapter to interface with the
0.74m diameter mission control module atop the
upper stage. The high ‘eta’ RV in combination with
an all carbon composite body enables higher re-entry
speed even with a light weight payload10.
The all carbon composite re-entry heat shield with
multi-directional ablative carbon-carbon re-entry nose
tip make it very light and tough16. This very light RV
mass enables scalable payload and range tradeoff
especially for lightweight warhead.
Propulsion
The Shourya has two solid fueled stages of 0.74m
diameter. This diameter is compatible with a recently
tested Indian sub-surface launch system that has a
2.4 meter diameter launch tube17.
First Stage: The first stage solid fuel booster is
approximately 2 meter long and weighs about 1,300
kg including 1,000 Kg high density fuel. The booster
lifts the missile to an altitude of 5 km so that the
second stage can operate more efficiently at low
atmospheric pressure. It uses hot gas reaction control
for initial control of yaw, pitch and roll before the air
fins unfold and missile gains sufficient velocity for
aerodynamic control surfaces.
Figure 6: Second stage motor [Photo: DRDO]
Second Stage: This 6 meter long stage weighs
about 3.6 tonne and generates 16 tonne thrust. Casebonded
HTPB-based composite propellant with low
burn rate is ignited by a small pyrogen ignition motor.
The case is made of 250 grade maraging steel to
maximize fuel mass fraction that is critical for scalable
payload versus range flexibility. Its nozzle is made of
composite material with metallic backup and carbon
phenolic liners. The interstage coupling uses a softstage
separation mechanism and retro rockets for
reliable and safe stage separation.
Navigation & Accuracy
Shourya largely carries the proven avionics set of
Agni-III however for more extensive aerodynamic maneuvering, it is augmented by new sensors and
flight control system. Shourya will also benefit form
Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)23
expected to be ready by 2012, to ensure guaranteed
national access to precision navigation. These
systems enable high accuracy required for precision
strike.
Range versus Payload
Missile range & payload mass are inversely related. It
is interesting to note that press reports Shourya’s
range for 1,000 kg and 500 kg payload. The former
corresponding to 1980 vintage 200Kt FBF warhead
and the latter corresponding to 150Kt FBF that is yet
to be field validated. The official reporting obfuscates
missile’s much higher range corresponding to field
tested 17Kt FBF warhead that is mainstay of Indian
deterrence.
Figure 7:
Figure 7: Range versus RV payloa
Conclusion
Shourya class of missile is truly a multi-services
missile that has desirable attributes of small size,
mobility, stealth, rich set of warhead options,
robustness and cost that could make it the most mass
produced Indian missile. It complements the long
range Agni class missiles to provide Indian military
commanders global range necessary to secure Indian
interests.
http://www.indiaresearch.org/Shourya_Missile.pdf
Will edit later
LETHALFORCE
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Development of Hypersonic Missile “BrahMos-2” Starts Soon :: Russia-InfoCentre
Development of Hypersonic Missile “BrahMos-2” Starts Soon
Russia and India agreed to start joint development of a new hypersonic missile “BrahMos-2” in September 2008. The rocket’s maximum speed will vary between 5-7 M, which makes it almost immune to interception.
Indian “BrahMos Aerospace” company already developed several versions of a supersonic cruise missile, which were succesfully tested and added to armoury of Indian Air Force.
“BrahMos” is a 10-meter long two-stage cruise missile with diameter of 70 sm and weighing 3.9 tons tigether with its container. Its range is 290 km, and speed reaches 2.9 M. The missile is universal and can be launched either from surface vessels, submarines, aircrafts, or mobile launching facilities.
Air-launched “BrahMos” is ready for tests and is expected to appera in the Indian army in 2012. The same missile will be onstalled at “Su-30MKI”
Development of Hypersonic Missile “BrahMos-2” Starts Soon
Russia and India agreed to start joint development of a new hypersonic missile “BrahMos-2” in September 2008. The rocket’s maximum speed will vary between 5-7 M, which makes it almost immune to interception.
Indian “BrahMos Aerospace” company already developed several versions of a supersonic cruise missile, which were succesfully tested and added to armoury of Indian Air Force.
“BrahMos” is a 10-meter long two-stage cruise missile with diameter of 70 sm and weighing 3.9 tons tigether with its container. Its range is 290 km, and speed reaches 2.9 M. The missile is universal and can be launched either from surface vessels, submarines, aircrafts, or mobile launching facilities.
Air-launched “BrahMos” is ready for tests and is expected to appera in the Indian army in 2012. The same missile will be onstalled at “Su-30MKI”
LETHALFORCE
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India's Missile Revolution
India's Missile Revolution
08-04-2008
Monotapash Mukherjee
Tracking the History Though India perhaps is the first country in the world where missiles were used in war (by Tipu Sultan against the British), India woke up to its potential much later. China, in order to ascertain its No. 1 position in Asia, created a strategic black hole for India—Pakistan. It utilized the pathological Pak-hatred against India to its full advantage. China helped Pakistan in its missile and nuclear programs. Pakistan bartered its nuclear know-how for North Korea's long range Nodong missile technology. Pakistan began to develop sophisticated missiles.
India, on the other hand, was reeling under heavy sanctions. Besides the traditional friend Soviet Union was interested in selling weapons, not technologies. But to meet the immediate threat perceptions and defend its territory, India had to build missiles. Two decades ago, the then defense minister, R Venkataraman sanctioned 388 crores for India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) under which five missiles-Agni, Prithvi, Trishul, Nag and Akash were to be developed. The program was designed keeping in mind the Pakistan factor. The project was launched by Dr.V.S.Arunachalam, scientific advisor to the defense minister on July 27, 1983. As India detonated its nuclear devices in May, 1998 and declared itself a nuclear-weapons country, the domino effects in the fields of diplomacy and technology began to take place. A new polarization was going to take shape.
The contemporary BJP-led NDA govt. surprised the world by supporting the controversial US National Missile Defense initiative. Post 9/11, though the USA counted upon Pakistan as a frontline ally in its war against terror, the USA was suspicious about Pakistan's double dealing. Later, the NDA govt. signed Nest Steps in Strategic Partnership (NSSP) with America which became the first stepping stone of a robust Indo-US relationship. The American govt. hinted at de-hyphenation of the India-Pakistan theme and showed a policy shift in favor of India by permitting Israel to sell the most powerful AWACS (Airborne Early Warning and Control system) in the world- the Phalcon. The US offered PAC 3 (Patriot Advanced Capability 3) anti-ballistic missile system to India. It also offered the F16, F18 and above all the F35 Joint Strike Fighter. It also engaged with India in extensive military exercises.
Thereafter, the UPA government came to power and signed a ten-year defense agreement with the USA. Later the Nuclear Deal signed between the USA and India promised to end India's nuclear isolation. The USA promised to help India become "a major global power" Thus the USA stopped objecting to India's military ambitions and even allowed the Indo-Israel defense relationship to flourish. Israel became the second largest arms supplier to India, the first being Russia. India gained immensely from Israeli expertise in electronic warfare systems like radars, sensors, night-vision equipments, etc. In the field of missiles and UAVs the two countries began to collaborate extensively. India imported from Israel Green Pine early warning and fire control radar systems.
They could track any hostile missile within a range of 500Km. But several factors contributed to the Indo-Us bonhomie. First, India became one of the fastest growing economies of the world. The Goldman Sachs report predicted a rosy future for India secondly China's spectacular rise became a great concern for the USA. China's rapid military modernization coupled with its space aspirations and spectacular economic growth, forced the USA in the balance of power game. India with its vast military, huge manpower and economic prowess could become the counter weight to China. Furthermore, the western press began to hail India as a science supper power. The country in the field of software made huge strides. India succeeded in making its own supercomputer. The indigenous cryogenic engine was only a matter of time. In the field of space, India was striding ahead. In the field of defense, India's success in Nishant UAV, pilotless target aircraft Lakshya and Akash anti-missile system caught the US attention. India's self-confidence level was high. The NDA govt. turned the Indo-Russian relationship from a buyer-seller to a join development and production partnership. The Brahmos supersonic cruise missile agreement was the result of India's self-confidence. The joint development and production of the 7000Km Sukhoi 30MKI aircraft was also undertaken. India's Pak-fixation was replaced by its determination to challenge China.
China's listening post in the Burmese Coco islands, its engagement in building the Pakistani Gwadar port, its meddling in Nepal and Sri Lanka, its strategic alliance with Bangladesh, its intense military engagement with Pakistan, its rapid military modernization, its repeated incursion into Arunachal, its claim over Arunachal, etc forced the Indian policy makers in search of an strategic antidote. Besides, the Indian Ocean being a theater of power struggle for several powers and a possible transit of several terrorist organizations, the policy makers were worried. The strategists conceived of Agni 2, 3 and 4 to deter China from any misadventure. Again China's A-Sat (Anti-Satellite) test January last year pushed the strategists even further in search of a dedicated aerospace command. They envisaged the necessity of a space- based anti-missile system. India's missile development was certainly the result of the untiring efforts of the DRDO. But the aforesaid factors also contributed to the present state of affairs of the missile technology.
The Indian missiles and the command and control systems are certainly the byproduct of myriad factors shaping the Indian defense history. India's Missiles The IGMDP had five parts—Agni, Prithvi, Trishul, Nag and Akash. Agni was a technology demonstrator. The moment the technology demonstration of Agni with three flights was completed it was taken out of IGMDP. The Agni I, II and III were separately sanctioned. Agni I is Pak-specific and has a 700Km range. It's a single stage solid fuel ballistic missile. Agni II covers 2000Km and Agni III is a China specific ballistic milssile with a range of 3500Km. Both Agni 2 and 3 are two stage and all solid fuel missiles. Agni III is not only a missile but a system for the future with which various configurations can be developed. It weighs 48.3 tons and 16.7mts long. It has a diameter of two meters and can carry nuclear warheads weighing 1.5tons over a distance of 3500Km. Agni III, like Agni II is rail mobile. The missile uses fire and forget principle. The scientists are now developing Agni IV with a range of 5500Km. Agni IV covers all the major cities of China except Beijing. Agni IV will bring all the major cities of China within its range. It will be a III stage missile with the same weight as Agni III. All the three stages will be powered by solid propellants.
The missile, unlike Agni II and III, will be road mobile. All the Agni versions can carry nuclear warheads. The Prithvi missile is a Pak-specific 350 Km shorter range N-Capable ballistic missile. It has a naval version too, called Dhanush. A modified Prithvi was used for anti-ballistic missile test also. The army has accepted the Prithvi missile. Nag is a third generation anti-tank missile by summer 2008, Nag related work will be completed .Then the IGMDP will be over. Trishul is a 9 Km range missile which was meant to replace the 1970s vintage Soviet made Osa short range SAM.The army used the Osa to protect its strike columns from attack helicopters and aircraft. the IAF to protect its air fields and vital installations and the navy to protect its warships at sea from aircraft and anti ship missiles. Though the DRDO is optimistic about its induction, its inordinate delay and initial failures forced India to look for the Israeli Barak. Though it was successfully tested in 2006-07, the future of Trishul is still uncertain. Akash is a medium range surface to air missile (SAM). Akash is a state of the art multi-target handling surface to air missile system. Only three or four countries such as the US, Russia and France have developed this type of system. Akash uses solid fuel. No country except Russia uses solid fuel in tactical missiles, not even the US. Here the system can be called to be superior to the US Patriot system.
With the development of Akash the Indian scientists mastered two unique technologies-multifunction phased array system integration and integration of ram-rocket propulsion, aerodynamics, structure and control. The system also has an application called weapon locating. Astra is an air to air short range missile developed indigenously by DRDO. It is an efficient weapon released from a vital aircraft and has a striking range of 10-25 Km. India is the sole non-NATO country, except Russia to possess such a sophisticated system. Sagarika or K-15 is a light, miniaturized and canisterised 700 Km range SLBM.It is 6.5m long and weighs about 7tons. It can carry nuclear warhead up to 600kg. It is a single stage missile powered by solid propellants. It has advanced avionics, propulsion, control and guidance and inertial navigation systems. With the launch of this missile from a submerged pontoon India has joined the select club of countries which includes Russia, the US, France, China and the UK with submarine launch capabilities. The Indo-Russian Brahmos is the sole supersonic cruise missile in the world. With a range of 300 Km running at Mach 2.8, it can carry conventional warhead of 225 Kg. It is a versatile missile which can be deployed in warships, submarines, aircraft and land-based launchers. It can be used to target high value sea and land targets like warships, bunkers, air bases and railheads.
India fired a hypersonic interceptor missile that intercepted and destroyed an incoming target missile in a direct hit over the Bay of Bengal on Dec. 6,2007. The interception took place at an altitude of 15Km, in what is called the "endo atmosphere" The "hit to kill" success catapulted India into the elite club comprising Russia, the US and Israel, all of whom have missiles that can block incoming ballistic missiles. In November 2006, India demonstrated its, air defense capabilities against incoming missile when it shot down an "enemy" missile in the exo-atmosphere, that is 50Km above the earth. A modified Prithvi missile was used for the purpose using terminal guidance system. Besides, India has bought 9Km range Barak anti-missile system for the navy. Each system has the capability to fire a minimum of eight interception missiles. This is a point defense system which is the first stage in acquiring a comprehensive theater missile defense system. In the field of rocket launchers too India occupies a great position. On Feb.29, the Indian army has inducted Pinaka which can be fitted with nuclear warheads.
It is a state of the art weapon for destroying or neutralizing enemy camp concentration areas, communication centers, air terminal complexes and gun or rocket locations. Besides the Russian Smerch mobile multiple rocket launcher, which carpet bombs targets 90 Km away is also with the Indian army. The army needs this for destroying targets spread over a wide area. The Future of India's Missile Development Program Post Pokhran II, India was fixated with nuclear bombs or warheads. But gradually the policy-makers realized that the delivery systems were even more important than the nuclear warheads because, nuclear bombs will hardly be used in the future wars. But the missiles will and can be used in all the wars. So the policy makers tended towards making an effective command and control system because it is necessary not for nuclear war only but also for conventional warfare to detect and destroy enemy missiles and weapon systems. India, till date has made an astonishing advancement in the field of command and control system. In some ways or the other, it has stridden ahead even of Russia, the US and China. If such a pace continues, India will outperform China in all the missile related technologies and radar systems. The future holds enormous promises India plans to test launch the Agni 4 missile with a range of 5500 Km. This will cover all the major cities of China within its range.
The missile will be much more sophisticated and it will be road mobile to avoid vulnerability. This will be a 3 stage missile with all solid fuel. Furthermore an SLBM of a similar type missile will be developed to integrate it with the indigenous Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV), a euphemism for nuclear submarine. This type of SLBM will be the most reliable deterrence mainly against China. Furthermore, several new technologies can be used with such a vehicle. The submarine version of the Brahmos supersonic cruise missile is to be tested soon. The submarine version must be much more lethal in nature than it's all the versions. The development of an airforce version of the Brahmos which will be integrated with the 7000Km. Sukhoi 30 MKI is also underway. Furthermore, the Indo-Russion Brahmos Aerospace Private Ltd. Plans to field a hypersonic Brahmos running at Mach 8 by 2010. It will be 1000Km. range. Such a cruise missile must be an asset for the Indian military.
India's indigenous ballistic missile defense system has got a boost with the successful endo and exo-atmospheric tests. Such tests have assumed an unexpected significance in view of the recent anti satellite tests conducted by China and the US. Even the scientists are confident of detecting and destroying not only incoming missiles but also wayward satellites. The former President and missile technologist APJ Abdul Kalam has asserted that India can destroy any foreign object at an altitude of 200 Km. India, after the US, successfully conducted a hypersonic test. The hypersonic technology can take India on the highest plane of missile technology.
The UPA govt. last year cleared a gigantic Rs. 10,000 crore project with Israel to develop an advanced medium range surface to air (MR-SAM) missile system capable of detecting and destroying hostile aircraft, missiles and spy drones at a range of 70Km. In reality the MR-SAM project is an extension of the ongoing DRDO-IAI project launched in Jan.2006 to develop a supersonic 60Km. Barak NG (Next Generation) missile defense for the navy. India wants to develop a dedicated aerospace command. But till date, India does not have a dedicated military satellite network. India plans to use the Russian GLONASS (Global Navigational Satellite System) for the purpose. Besides, India is developing its own GPS version- the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite system. ISRO will launch seven satellites to build the system. Besides, the Indo- Israeli space cooperation has reached an unexpected high. With the successful launch of the Israeli spy sat, Tecsar, the bonhomie seems to fructify several projects in the future. India is interested in buying the Israeli radar imaging satellite design. The synthetic aperture radar systems which can look through day and night, rain and cloud are also on the Indian wish list. The DRDO scientists have succeeded in making light composite materials for making missiles. They will make the missiles lighter and will help the missiles to carry much more warheads.
The scientists plan to develop smart, light and miniaturized precision guided missile which will be more accurate and can be carried in aircrafts. Hypersonic vehicles, miniaturized missile systems, nano-technology, very large systems integration and homing guidance have been identified by Research Center Imarat(RCI) as the thrust areas for development of futuristic missiles. The strategists think the future wars will be network centric, not platform centric. IT will play a major role in future warfare. Hence they have suggested building a network of UAVs, satellites, radars, sensors and so on. Weapon system like JDAMs (Joint Direct Attack Munitions) and UCAVs will necessitate newer types of missiles. Besides, Indian expertise in software will yield sophisticated missiles. Multiple warhead missiles can be made in the future too. The offset provision and the participation of the private companies in the defense sector in greater number is going to herald a revolution in the Indian defense history. If the policy planners and strategists follow their course with unwavering resolve, the country, in the field of missile, will be a pioneer. There is no doubt about it. Besides if a direct and fruitful Indo-US joint venture in this field fructifies, India will certainly be a missile superpower.
India's Missile Revolution
08-04-2008
Monotapash Mukherjee
Tracking the History Though India perhaps is the first country in the world where missiles were used in war (by Tipu Sultan against the British), India woke up to its potential much later. China, in order to ascertain its No. 1 position in Asia, created a strategic black hole for India—Pakistan. It utilized the pathological Pak-hatred against India to its full advantage. China helped Pakistan in its missile and nuclear programs. Pakistan bartered its nuclear know-how for North Korea's long range Nodong missile technology. Pakistan began to develop sophisticated missiles.
India, on the other hand, was reeling under heavy sanctions. Besides the traditional friend Soviet Union was interested in selling weapons, not technologies. But to meet the immediate threat perceptions and defend its territory, India had to build missiles. Two decades ago, the then defense minister, R Venkataraman sanctioned 388 crores for India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) under which five missiles-Agni, Prithvi, Trishul, Nag and Akash were to be developed. The program was designed keeping in mind the Pakistan factor. The project was launched by Dr.V.S.Arunachalam, scientific advisor to the defense minister on July 27, 1983. As India detonated its nuclear devices in May, 1998 and declared itself a nuclear-weapons country, the domino effects in the fields of diplomacy and technology began to take place. A new polarization was going to take shape.
The contemporary BJP-led NDA govt. surprised the world by supporting the controversial US National Missile Defense initiative. Post 9/11, though the USA counted upon Pakistan as a frontline ally in its war against terror, the USA was suspicious about Pakistan's double dealing. Later, the NDA govt. signed Nest Steps in Strategic Partnership (NSSP) with America which became the first stepping stone of a robust Indo-US relationship. The American govt. hinted at de-hyphenation of the India-Pakistan theme and showed a policy shift in favor of India by permitting Israel to sell the most powerful AWACS (Airborne Early Warning and Control system) in the world- the Phalcon. The US offered PAC 3 (Patriot Advanced Capability 3) anti-ballistic missile system to India. It also offered the F16, F18 and above all the F35 Joint Strike Fighter. It also engaged with India in extensive military exercises.
Thereafter, the UPA government came to power and signed a ten-year defense agreement with the USA. Later the Nuclear Deal signed between the USA and India promised to end India's nuclear isolation. The USA promised to help India become "a major global power" Thus the USA stopped objecting to India's military ambitions and even allowed the Indo-Israel defense relationship to flourish. Israel became the second largest arms supplier to India, the first being Russia. India gained immensely from Israeli expertise in electronic warfare systems like radars, sensors, night-vision equipments, etc. In the field of missiles and UAVs the two countries began to collaborate extensively. India imported from Israel Green Pine early warning and fire control radar systems.
They could track any hostile missile within a range of 500Km. But several factors contributed to the Indo-Us bonhomie. First, India became one of the fastest growing economies of the world. The Goldman Sachs report predicted a rosy future for India secondly China's spectacular rise became a great concern for the USA. China's rapid military modernization coupled with its space aspirations and spectacular economic growth, forced the USA in the balance of power game. India with its vast military, huge manpower and economic prowess could become the counter weight to China. Furthermore, the western press began to hail India as a science supper power. The country in the field of software made huge strides. India succeeded in making its own supercomputer. The indigenous cryogenic engine was only a matter of time. In the field of space, India was striding ahead. In the field of defense, India's success in Nishant UAV, pilotless target aircraft Lakshya and Akash anti-missile system caught the US attention. India's self-confidence level was high. The NDA govt. turned the Indo-Russian relationship from a buyer-seller to a join development and production partnership. The Brahmos supersonic cruise missile agreement was the result of India's self-confidence. The joint development and production of the 7000Km Sukhoi 30MKI aircraft was also undertaken. India's Pak-fixation was replaced by its determination to challenge China.
China's listening post in the Burmese Coco islands, its engagement in building the Pakistani Gwadar port, its meddling in Nepal and Sri Lanka, its strategic alliance with Bangladesh, its intense military engagement with Pakistan, its rapid military modernization, its repeated incursion into Arunachal, its claim over Arunachal, etc forced the Indian policy makers in search of an strategic antidote. Besides, the Indian Ocean being a theater of power struggle for several powers and a possible transit of several terrorist organizations, the policy makers were worried. The strategists conceived of Agni 2, 3 and 4 to deter China from any misadventure. Again China's A-Sat (Anti-Satellite) test January last year pushed the strategists even further in search of a dedicated aerospace command. They envisaged the necessity of a space- based anti-missile system. India's missile development was certainly the result of the untiring efforts of the DRDO. But the aforesaid factors also contributed to the present state of affairs of the missile technology.
The Indian missiles and the command and control systems are certainly the byproduct of myriad factors shaping the Indian defense history. India's Missiles The IGMDP had five parts—Agni, Prithvi, Trishul, Nag and Akash. Agni was a technology demonstrator. The moment the technology demonstration of Agni with three flights was completed it was taken out of IGMDP. The Agni I, II and III were separately sanctioned. Agni I is Pak-specific and has a 700Km range. It's a single stage solid fuel ballistic missile. Agni II covers 2000Km and Agni III is a China specific ballistic milssile with a range of 3500Km. Both Agni 2 and 3 are two stage and all solid fuel missiles. Agni III is not only a missile but a system for the future with which various configurations can be developed. It weighs 48.3 tons and 16.7mts long. It has a diameter of two meters and can carry nuclear warheads weighing 1.5tons over a distance of 3500Km. Agni III, like Agni II is rail mobile. The missile uses fire and forget principle. The scientists are now developing Agni IV with a range of 5500Km. Agni IV covers all the major cities of China except Beijing. Agni IV will bring all the major cities of China within its range. It will be a III stage missile with the same weight as Agni III. All the three stages will be powered by solid propellants.
The missile, unlike Agni II and III, will be road mobile. All the Agni versions can carry nuclear warheads. The Prithvi missile is a Pak-specific 350 Km shorter range N-Capable ballistic missile. It has a naval version too, called Dhanush. A modified Prithvi was used for anti-ballistic missile test also. The army has accepted the Prithvi missile. Nag is a third generation anti-tank missile by summer 2008, Nag related work will be completed .Then the IGMDP will be over. Trishul is a 9 Km range missile which was meant to replace the 1970s vintage Soviet made Osa short range SAM.The army used the Osa to protect its strike columns from attack helicopters and aircraft. the IAF to protect its air fields and vital installations and the navy to protect its warships at sea from aircraft and anti ship missiles. Though the DRDO is optimistic about its induction, its inordinate delay and initial failures forced India to look for the Israeli Barak. Though it was successfully tested in 2006-07, the future of Trishul is still uncertain. Akash is a medium range surface to air missile (SAM). Akash is a state of the art multi-target handling surface to air missile system. Only three or four countries such as the US, Russia and France have developed this type of system. Akash uses solid fuel. No country except Russia uses solid fuel in tactical missiles, not even the US. Here the system can be called to be superior to the US Patriot system.
With the development of Akash the Indian scientists mastered two unique technologies-multifunction phased array system integration and integration of ram-rocket propulsion, aerodynamics, structure and control. The system also has an application called weapon locating. Astra is an air to air short range missile developed indigenously by DRDO. It is an efficient weapon released from a vital aircraft and has a striking range of 10-25 Km. India is the sole non-NATO country, except Russia to possess such a sophisticated system. Sagarika or K-15 is a light, miniaturized and canisterised 700 Km range SLBM.It is 6.5m long and weighs about 7tons. It can carry nuclear warhead up to 600kg. It is a single stage missile powered by solid propellants. It has advanced avionics, propulsion, control and guidance and inertial navigation systems. With the launch of this missile from a submerged pontoon India has joined the select club of countries which includes Russia, the US, France, China and the UK with submarine launch capabilities. The Indo-Russian Brahmos is the sole supersonic cruise missile in the world. With a range of 300 Km running at Mach 2.8, it can carry conventional warhead of 225 Kg. It is a versatile missile which can be deployed in warships, submarines, aircraft and land-based launchers. It can be used to target high value sea and land targets like warships, bunkers, air bases and railheads.
India fired a hypersonic interceptor missile that intercepted and destroyed an incoming target missile in a direct hit over the Bay of Bengal on Dec. 6,2007. The interception took place at an altitude of 15Km, in what is called the "endo atmosphere" The "hit to kill" success catapulted India into the elite club comprising Russia, the US and Israel, all of whom have missiles that can block incoming ballistic missiles. In November 2006, India demonstrated its, air defense capabilities against incoming missile when it shot down an "enemy" missile in the exo-atmosphere, that is 50Km above the earth. A modified Prithvi missile was used for the purpose using terminal guidance system. Besides, India has bought 9Km range Barak anti-missile system for the navy. Each system has the capability to fire a minimum of eight interception missiles. This is a point defense system which is the first stage in acquiring a comprehensive theater missile defense system. In the field of rocket launchers too India occupies a great position. On Feb.29, the Indian army has inducted Pinaka which can be fitted with nuclear warheads.
It is a state of the art weapon for destroying or neutralizing enemy camp concentration areas, communication centers, air terminal complexes and gun or rocket locations. Besides the Russian Smerch mobile multiple rocket launcher, which carpet bombs targets 90 Km away is also with the Indian army. The army needs this for destroying targets spread over a wide area. The Future of India's Missile Development Program Post Pokhran II, India was fixated with nuclear bombs or warheads. But gradually the policy-makers realized that the delivery systems were even more important than the nuclear warheads because, nuclear bombs will hardly be used in the future wars. But the missiles will and can be used in all the wars. So the policy makers tended towards making an effective command and control system because it is necessary not for nuclear war only but also for conventional warfare to detect and destroy enemy missiles and weapon systems. India, till date has made an astonishing advancement in the field of command and control system. In some ways or the other, it has stridden ahead even of Russia, the US and China. If such a pace continues, India will outperform China in all the missile related technologies and radar systems. The future holds enormous promises India plans to test launch the Agni 4 missile with a range of 5500 Km. This will cover all the major cities of China within its range.
The missile will be much more sophisticated and it will be road mobile to avoid vulnerability. This will be a 3 stage missile with all solid fuel. Furthermore an SLBM of a similar type missile will be developed to integrate it with the indigenous Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV), a euphemism for nuclear submarine. This type of SLBM will be the most reliable deterrence mainly against China. Furthermore, several new technologies can be used with such a vehicle. The submarine version of the Brahmos supersonic cruise missile is to be tested soon. The submarine version must be much more lethal in nature than it's all the versions. The development of an airforce version of the Brahmos which will be integrated with the 7000Km. Sukhoi 30 MKI is also underway. Furthermore, the Indo-Russion Brahmos Aerospace Private Ltd. Plans to field a hypersonic Brahmos running at Mach 8 by 2010. It will be 1000Km. range. Such a cruise missile must be an asset for the Indian military.
India's indigenous ballistic missile defense system has got a boost with the successful endo and exo-atmospheric tests. Such tests have assumed an unexpected significance in view of the recent anti satellite tests conducted by China and the US. Even the scientists are confident of detecting and destroying not only incoming missiles but also wayward satellites. The former President and missile technologist APJ Abdul Kalam has asserted that India can destroy any foreign object at an altitude of 200 Km. India, after the US, successfully conducted a hypersonic test. The hypersonic technology can take India on the highest plane of missile technology.
The UPA govt. last year cleared a gigantic Rs. 10,000 crore project with Israel to develop an advanced medium range surface to air (MR-SAM) missile system capable of detecting and destroying hostile aircraft, missiles and spy drones at a range of 70Km. In reality the MR-SAM project is an extension of the ongoing DRDO-IAI project launched in Jan.2006 to develop a supersonic 60Km. Barak NG (Next Generation) missile defense for the navy. India wants to develop a dedicated aerospace command. But till date, India does not have a dedicated military satellite network. India plans to use the Russian GLONASS (Global Navigational Satellite System) for the purpose. Besides, India is developing its own GPS version- the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite system. ISRO will launch seven satellites to build the system. Besides, the Indo- Israeli space cooperation has reached an unexpected high. With the successful launch of the Israeli spy sat, Tecsar, the bonhomie seems to fructify several projects in the future. India is interested in buying the Israeli radar imaging satellite design. The synthetic aperture radar systems which can look through day and night, rain and cloud are also on the Indian wish list. The DRDO scientists have succeeded in making light composite materials for making missiles. They will make the missiles lighter and will help the missiles to carry much more warheads.
The scientists plan to develop smart, light and miniaturized precision guided missile which will be more accurate and can be carried in aircrafts. Hypersonic vehicles, miniaturized missile systems, nano-technology, very large systems integration and homing guidance have been identified by Research Center Imarat(RCI) as the thrust areas for development of futuristic missiles. The strategists think the future wars will be network centric, not platform centric. IT will play a major role in future warfare. Hence they have suggested building a network of UAVs, satellites, radars, sensors and so on. Weapon system like JDAMs (Joint Direct Attack Munitions) and UCAVs will necessitate newer types of missiles. Besides, Indian expertise in software will yield sophisticated missiles. Multiple warhead missiles can be made in the future too. The offset provision and the participation of the private companies in the defense sector in greater number is going to herald a revolution in the Indian defense history. If the policy planners and strategists follow their course with unwavering resolve, the country, in the field of missile, will be a pioneer. There is no doubt about it. Besides if a direct and fruitful Indo-US joint venture in this field fructifies, India will certainly be a missile superpower.
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BrahMos-II
I have created this thread as we lacked a dedicated BrahMos-II thread.
I have created this thread as we lacked a dedicated BrahMos-II thread.
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Photos: Model Kolkata-class destroyer with Brahmos for Russian minister + Path cleare
The first photo shows BrahMos MD Dr A Sivathanu Pillai presenting Russian Defence Minister Anatoly Serdyukov with a model Kolkata-class (Project 15A) guided missile destroyer with 16 BrahMos cruise missile in the vertical configuration. All of these photos were during Serdyukov's visit to the BrahMos complex this evening.
Incidentally, the Inter Governmental Commission meeting that was held earlier today, has given clearance to constitute a working group to evolve the project report for the Hypersonic BrahMos –II missile.
Link
The first photo shows BrahMos MD Dr A Sivathanu Pillai presenting Russian Defence Minister Anatoly Serdyukov with a model Kolkata-class (Project 15A) guided missile destroyer with 16 BrahMos cruise missile in the vertical configuration. All of these photos were during Serdyukov's visit to the BrahMos complex this evening.
Incidentally, the Inter Governmental Commission meeting that was held earlier today, has given clearance to constitute a working group to evolve the project report for the Hypersonic BrahMos –II missile.
Link
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Photos: Model Kolkata-class destroyer with Brahmos for Russian minister + Path cleare
The first photo shows BrahMos MD Dr A Sivathanu Pillai presenting Russian Defence Minister Anatoly Serdyukov with a model Kolkata-class (Project 15A) guided missile destroyer with 16 BrahMos cruise missile in the vertical configuration. All of these photos were during Serdyukov's visit to the BrahMos complex this evening.
Incidentally, the Inter Governmental Commission meeting that was held earlier today, has given clearance to constitute a working group to evolve the project report for the Hypersonic BrahMos –II missile.
The first photo shows BrahMos MD Dr A Sivathanu Pillai presenting Russian Defence Minister Anatoly Serdyukov with a model Kolkata-class (Project 15A) guided missile destroyer with 16 BrahMos cruise missile in the vertical configuration. All of these photos were during Serdyukov's visit to the BrahMos complex this evening.
Incidentally, the Inter Governmental Commission meeting that was held earlier today, has given clearance to constitute a working group to evolve the project report for the Hypersonic BrahMos –II missile.
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http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_o_no4M2xEPY/SOEARicY54I/AAAAAAAADuo/c0yK-nO5tL0/s320/Dr-722
Russia and India agreed to start joint development of a new hypersonic missile “BrahMos-2” in September 2008. The rocket’s maximum speed will vary between 5-7 M, which makes it almost immune to interception.
Indian “BrahMos Aerospace” company already developed several versions of a supersonic cruise missile, which were succesfully tested and added to armoury of Indian Air Force.
“BrahMos” is a 10-meter long two-stage cruise missile with diameter of 70 sm and weighing 3.9 tons tigether with its container. Its range is 290 km, and speed reaches 2.9 M. The missile is universal and can be launched either from surface vessels, submarines, aircrafts, or mobile launching facilities.
Air-launched “BrahMos” is ready for tests and is expected to appera in the Indian army in 2012. The same missile will be onstalled at “Su-30MKI”
Russia and India agreed to start joint development of a new hypersonic missile “BrahMos-2” in September 2008. The rocket’s maximum speed will vary between 5-7 M, which makes it almost immune to interception.
Indian “BrahMos Aerospace” company already developed several versions of a supersonic cruise missile, which were succesfully tested and added to armoury of Indian Air Force.
“BrahMos” is a 10-meter long two-stage cruise missile with diameter of 70 sm and weighing 3.9 tons tigether with its container. Its range is 290 km, and speed reaches 2.9 M. The missile is universal and can be launched either from surface vessels, submarines, aircrafts, or mobile launching facilities.
Air-launched “BrahMos” is ready for tests and is expected to appera in the Indian army in 2012. The same missile will be onstalled at “Su-30MKI”
LETHALFORCE
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YouTube - BrahMos test
GOOD VIDEO
GOOD VIDEO
LETHALFORCE
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LETHALFORCE
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I wouldnt want to be on that ship (4:10 - 4:18)
Can you post any links to back this? the hypersonic brahmos is the prime candidate for IN's next generation anti shipping missiles. witth 300 km range and only 200kg payload one cant expect it to be a truly multipurpose cruise missile. the high kinetic energy abd the small warhead is deal for anti shipping role.
however if wat you say is true then it will only be able to attack stationary targets............
LETHALFORCE
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Brahmos subsonic can do the s manuvering but Brahmos hypersoinc travelling MACH 5 -7 would not be able too, no hypersonic missile would be able to ;it would rip itself apart but it could still play important roles against stationery targets like ports,communication towers etc... Brahmos developers are working on making the missile distinguish buildings and targets so this possibly be utilized on the new Brahmos version.
