BrahMos Cruise Missile

[RPK]

Steps taken to modify BrahMos missile: DRDO official

Nagercoil (TN), Dec 31 (PTI) Steps are being taken to modify the BrahMos missile to be used both by the Air Force and Army, Dr Siva Thanu Pillai, Chief Controller (R&D , Defence Research and Development Organisation said here today.

Efforts are on to develop the supersonic BrahMos-2 missile, Pillai, also CEO and MD, BrahMos Aerospace, told reporters.

Steps have been taken to manufacture parts of the missile from the Army Research Centre at Thiruvanathapuram and the "first stage" is in progress, he added.

BrahMos missile, a joint venture of India and Russia, was well received in the international community and some countries are eager to buy the missile, the DRDO chief controller added.

The test of an upgraded BrahMos supersonic cruise missile failed twice in this year after which the Army refused to accept the weapon unless proved. The third test, however, in March hit the bull's eye.


fullstory

 

[p2prada]

I believe you are mistaken. The MTCR doesn't allow for the transfer of any critical technologies. ToT hype on this missile has been just that.

We are building this missile in India and are operationalizing it on our ships. MTCR does not hold a candle against the Brahmos. The PJ-10 has always been within the guidelines of the MTCR. That's the very reason why the Brahmos is successful.

India wanted to work on the 800km version of the Yakhont, unfortunately Russia flatly refused because of the MTCR regime. So, we were stuck with the 300km version.

The problem with propulsion ToT is that we may develop our own version of a long range Brahmos without their help if we have codes to the propulsion system. This way we will get our hands on a much more capable missile and Russia will not earn anything if the missile is exported to other countries compared to the 50% revenue agreement on the current Brahmos. So, you can say the reason behind this is FEAR. FEAR of losing a market. FEAR of gaining another competitor in the cruise missile market.

You also need to know the history behind the Brahmos development being passed on to India. The Americans already knew Russia was making the Yakhont and it was feared. After USSR broke up, Russia was helpless. They were pressurized by the US to stop development on the Yakhont with an assurance from the American side that they will also not develop such a missile.
But, none of their assurances mattered if Russia could get a third country to develop the missile under a new program name. That's where India came in and we readily accepted it. Thus Brahmos came into being. Had India not been involved, the most feared cruise missile in the world would have been a myth deep within the walls of the Pentagon and deep beneath the rivers of Moskova.

The seeker on an ASM is geared to go after the largest radar return on the horizon. The more complex the software and scanning the wider range of targets can be programmed. A structure standing out in the middle of the desert or on the beach is not going to pose a difficult problem for much of any ASM when it is the only real target on the horizon. When you stick a reflector on it then the acquisition becomes that much easier.

A structure standing in the middle of the desert of a sea is very difficult to detect but it becomes easy to track. To throw the missile of its course, a reflector is used that increases Specular reflections. Specular reflections are the best form of stealth. That's the very reason why the La Fayatte has a plate like feature similar to the F-117. According to your logic, La fayatte and F-117 and non stealthy, which is not the case. As long as the beams can be redirected from the target, then the target will not exist to the radar.

Sea skimmers are on a limited horizontal search pattern, the objects they are looking for are quite distinct against the horizon which is how they find them. The clutter you are referencing is associated with a top-down search pattern where ground clutter gets in the way. That is far more difficult to differentiate than what a sea skimmer sees.

The flight profile of Brahmos is low/high/low which means once it passes the terminal high flight will hit the deck to seek out its targets. Your graphical representation depicts a high profile in the active phase which is not correct. It is clear from the test video that the missile was coming in on a low approach from the impact angle. The radar reflectors are usually towed by ships to give the impression of two targets hoping the missile will go after that as in this image...

Brahmos is capable of skimming modes and a top attack mode. My diagram was to highlight both. The missile decided the best path of approach on its own. That's why it is fire and forget.

The Brahmos in the low-high-low flight profile starts at a low altitude, flies up to a height of 10km and then comes down quickly. During the last profile of the flight the Brahmos either decides to come down to 20feet at its last 10-15km flight duration or hit the target at an angle. Ground Clutter is a big problem in both modes. This is because the Brahmos's target is predetermined before launch using radars. If the Brahmos is sent into an area with a lot of potential targets, it continues to home in on the set target. The seeker does not kick in right till the end, low phase. That's when the main priority target is lit up and targeted. The main purpose of the Army tests was to see how well the Brahmos is capable of recognizing targets even when the odds are against it. And it did it marvelously. The IA is very difficult to please.

During the entire course of the flight the reflectors try to redirect the Brahmos emitters away from the Brahmos so as to produce a low return.

I doubt the LACM version has a low-low-low profile.

This diagram is a corner reflector. The fact is the reflector used in this diagram is for an entirely opposite function as the one used in the Brahmos. This reflector is designed to send the radar beams back to the source.

A day to day example. Let's take the example of the rear view mirror on a car. When you look into it the angle of angle of reflection is away from the source(eyes). This means you are not able to look at your own face which is the point. Now, look at the mirror in your room. You most definitely see your face in it which is completely opposite in function as in the side view or rear view mirrors in cars. Simply because both are called mirrors does not mean they are the same.

In the tests the reflectors were used to guide Brahmos to its target. For a LACM, this test is useless. It only proves Brahmos is good at going after naval decoys.

Like I said, you are confusing a side view mirror to a regular mirror. The purpose of the reflectors is to defeat the Brahmos seeker's emitters.

Now you know, maybe. Hope you learned something.

Back to you.

 

[ppgj]

@armand

just to give you another link about the reflectors in the brahmos test. this pertains to an older test which failed.

Reflectors had been installed to mislead the missile.

Why BrahMos failed

p2p was talking about the indian abilities in his previous posts reagarding missile technologies. worthwhile to quote DR.Saraswat who was leading the ABM team.

Significantly, said Dr Saraswat, the Interception missile was built with (mostly) Indian components, and that they were well advanced in technology.

DRDO though is known to use Commercially Available Off the Shelf Components (COTS) both from India and abroad, but in the recent past, private sector Indian companies have been involved in their manufacture.

A key component of the missile programme is the homing or seeker technology, and DRDO is laying emphasis on achieving self-sufficiency in this. Notably, many countries have also offered to share sophisticated anti-missile technology with India.

Dr Saraswat said that the new seeker in the Interceptor enabled the missile to match the maneuvers of a hostile missile – like the zig zag movement of the Russian Topol missile.

..:: India Strategic ::.. Indian Scientists Successfully Intercept Ballistic Missile

p2p was also talking about russian refusal to part with brahmos propulsion system.

former HAL chairman CG Krishnadas Nair, lamented that the BrahMos programme was a bit of a farce because the Russians had refused to part with engine technology.

LiveFist - The Best of Indian Defence: LiveFist EXCLUSIVE: The Truth About BrahMos - Part II

 

[plugwater]

BrahMos missile to be inducted into Air Force in 2012 - India - The Times of India

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: The country's prestigious 'BrahMos' missile would be inducted into the Air Force in 2012 that would ensure all the three

wings of the military are equipped with the supersonic cruise missile, a top defence official said on Wednesday.

"We have developed the airborne missile part, and process of integrating it with the aircraft 'Sukhoi' was progressing", BrahMos Aerospace Ltd CMD A Shivathanu Pillai said at the BrahMos Aerospace's facility here.

Trial run of airborne BrahMos missile would be held next year and the target was to integrate it with the aircraft in 2012, he said.

As far as integration of the missile was concerned, the original designers of the aircraft were also involved, he said.

"We are working with them (Sukhoi). Some changes are necessary and once the alteration is identified, we will introduce the same in the aircraft," Pillai said.

With that, all the three wings of Indian military -- Air Force, Navy and Army -- would have the supersonic missile 'BrahMos', he said.

Development of a new version of BrahMos missile, involving a technology that would discriminate the target and attack, in 2009 was a major achievement, he added.

Three flights on the new version had proved successful and the army would be inducting two more of this version shortly, Pillai said.

On the next generation cruise missile, he said hypersonic BrahMos missile was in design stage.

 

[Armand2REP]

We are building this missile in India and are operationalizing it on our ships. MTCR does not hold a candle against the Brahmos. The PJ-10 has always been within the guidelines of the MTCR. That's the very reason why the Brahmos is successful.

What do you mean MTCR doesn't hold a candle to it? MTCR guides what you get. It strictly says critical technologies to weapons proliferation will not be allowed. That is why Russia witholds critical components from ToT. Brahmos is within the guidelines because they don't transfer the technology.

India wanted to work on the 800km version of the Yakhont, unfortunately Russia flatly refused because of the MTCR regime. So, we were stuck with the 300km version.

The problem with propulsion ToT is that we may develop our own version of a long range Brahmos without their help if we have codes to the propulsion system. This way we will get our hands on a much more capable missile and Russia will not earn anything if the missile is exported to other countries compared to the 50% revenue agreement on the current Brahmos. So, you can say the reason behind this is FEAR. FEAR of losing a market. FEAR of gaining another competitor in the cruise missile market.

Russia didn't transfer propulsion because it is against MTCR. If you can build a Brahmos motor there is nothing to stop you from extending the range. Software codes have nothing to do with it. That has to do with integration onto other platforms. The only FEAR Russia would have is being sanctioned for proliferating missile technology.

You also need to know the history behind the Brahmos development being passed on to India. The Americans already knew Russia was making the Yakhont and it was feared. After USSR broke up, Russia was helpless. They were pressurized by the US to stop development on the Yakhont with an assurance from the American side that they will also not develop such a missile.
But, none of their assurances mattered if Russia could get a third country to develop the missile under a new program name. That's where India came in and we readily accepted it. Thus Brahmos came into being. Had India not been involved, the most feared cruise missile in the world would have been a myth deep within the walls of the Pentagon and deep beneath the rivers of Moskova.

Russia had already finished developing Yakhont before they even started the Brahmos JV. Hell, Yakhont was offered for export BEFORE the Brahmos JV. Russia went so far as to offer sale of Sunburns to the US Navy so they weren't too concerned with giving up their secrets. Russia started the JV for one reason, to make money. India didn't want to buy Yakhont without an indigenous offset so they came up with the idea for a JV. Russia clearly doesn't care about developing the missile for their own purposes since they don't even use it.

A structure standing in the middle of the desert of a sea is very difficult to detect but it becomes easy to track. To throw the missile of its course, a reflector is used that increases Specular reflections. Specular reflections are the best form of stealth. That's the very reason why the La Fayatte has a plate like feature similar to the F-117. According to your logic, La fayatte and F-117 and non stealthy, which is not the case. As long as the beams can be redirected from the target, then the target will not exist to the radar.

Radar reflectors do not create specular reflections, that is done by a mirror. Reflectors create a huge radar signature far larger than their size. They are used by aircraft and naval vessels to decoy incoming missiles. I have one on my boat so tankers can pick me up when I'm fishing. Lafayatte would never carry a reflector unless it wants to be seen, it would tow it. To mount it would be suicide.

Brahmos is capable of skimming modes and a top attack mode. My diagram was to highlight both. The missile decided the best path of approach on its own. That's why it is fire and forget.

Brahmos does not have a top attack mode. Its attack profile is 10 metres above sea level. It is fire and forget because it doesn't have a datalink and relies on INS for terminal navigation. When it goes active it turns on its radar.

The Brahmos in the low-high-low flight profile starts at a low altitude, flies up to a height of 10km and then comes down quickly. During the last profile of the flight the Brahmos either decides to come down to 20feet at its last 10-15km flight duration or hit the target at an angle. Ground Clutter is a big problem in both modes. This is because the Brahmos's target is predetermined before launch using radars. If the Brahmos is sent into an area with a lot of potential targets, it continues to home in on the set target. The seeker does not kick in right till the end, low phase. That's when the main priority target is lit up and targeted. The main purpose of the Army tests was to see how well the Brahmos is capable of recognizing targets even when the odds are against it. And it did it marvelously. The IA is very difficult to please.

You got it nearly right accept for the intercept. When it hits 10-15km it drops to 10m to avoid dectection, how can it be a top attack at that altitude? There was no high clutter environment since the tests were done in the desert and open beach with a flat trajectory kill angle with a target mounted with a radar reflector.

If you don't believe me as to that, seriously ponder this fact. You would be suggesting that the LACM capability of Brahmos has a .3m CEP based on that video. Do you honestly expect us to believe Brahmos has a better CEP than a Tactical Tomahawk or SCALP LACM? Not just better, but several times better?? Sorry mon amie, you are only fooling yourself.

I doubt the LACM version has a low-low-low profile.

That one clearly had a low active flight profile.

This diagram is a corner reflector. The fact is the reflector used in this diagram is for an entirely opposite function as the one used in the Brahmos. This reflector is designed to send the radar beams back to the source.

All reflectors are used to increase radar signatures, it is their purpose so they can be seen by radar. That reflector did a pretty good job of showing Brahmos is capable of hitting it.

A day to day example. Let's take the example of the rear view mirror on a car. When you look into it the angle of angle of reflection is away from the source(eyes). This means you are not able to look at your own face which is the point. Now, look at the mirror in your room. You most definitely see your face in it which is completely opposite in function as in the side view or rear view mirrors in cars. Simply because both are called mirrors does not mean they are the same.

It is not a an optic reflector, you don't see any mirrors on it do you?? It is a radar reflector which is as a target. Here is a radar target...

Looks familiar doesn't it?

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/radar_reflector

Like I said, you are confusing a side view mirror to a regular mirror. The purpose of the reflectors is to defeat the Brahmos seeker's emitters.

Does that look like a mirror to you? The purpose of a corner reflector is to be a radar target and it did its job.

 

[p2prada]

What do you mean MTCR doesn't hold a candle to it? MTCR guides what you get. It strictly says critical technologies to weapons proliferation will not be allowed. That is why Russia witholds critical components from ToT. Brahmos is within the guidelines because they don't transfer the technology.



Russia didn't transfer propulsion because it is against MTCR. If you can build a Brahmos motor there is nothing to stop you from extending the range. Software codes have nothing to do with it. That has to do with integration onto other platforms. The only FEAR Russia would have is being sanctioned for proliferating missile technology.



Russia had already finished developing Yakhont before they even started the Brahmos JV. Hell, Yakhont was offered for export BEFORE the Brahmos JV. Russia went so far as to offer sale of Sunburns to the US Navy so they weren't too concerned with giving up their secrets. Russia started the JV for one reason, to make money. India didn't want to buy Yakhont without an indigenous offset so they came up with the idea for a JV. Russia clearly doesn't care about developing the missile for their own purposes since they don't even use it.




Radar reflectors do not create specular reflections, that is done by a mirror. Reflectors create a huge radar signature far larger than their size. They are used by aircraft and naval vessels to decoy incoming missiles. I have one on my boat so tankers can pick me up when I'm fishing. Lafayatte would never carry a reflector unless it wants to be seen, it would tow it. To mount it would be suicide.



Brahmos does not have a top attack mode. Its attack profile is 10 metres above sea level. It is fire and forget because it doesn't have a datalink and relies on INS for terminal navigation. When it goes active it turns on its radar.



You got it nearly right accept for the intercept. When it hits 10-15km it drops to 10m to avoid dectection, how can it be a top attack at that altitude? There was no high clutter environment since the tests were done in the desert and open beach with a flat trajectory kill angle with a target mounted with a radar reflector.

If you don't believe me as to that, seriously ponder this fact. You would be suggesting that the LACM capability of Brahmos has a .3m CEP based on that video. Do you honestly expect us to believe Brahmos has a better CEP than a Tactical Tomahawk or SCALP LACM? Not just better, but several times better?? Sorry mon amie, you are only fooling yourself.



That one clearly had a low active flight profile.



All reflectors are used to increase radar signatures, it is their purpose so they can be seen by radar. That reflector did a pretty good job of showing Brahmos is capable of hitting it.



It is not a an optic reflector, you don't see any mirrors on it do you?? It is a radar reflector which is as a target. Here is a radar target...

Looks familiar doesn't it?

radar reflector - Wiktionary



Does that look like a mirror to you? The purpose of a corner reflector is to be a radar target and it did its job.

You clearly have no idea about radars, radar reflectors, Brahmos, targets, test conditions etc etc etc. You are here to spout one nonsense after the another that makes no sense whatsoever whenever it comes to Russian systems. I am not arguing any more until you have studied some more. Until then assume whatever you want.

Regards.

 

[p2prada]

My last post for you from the official Brahmos website. If you don't want to believe it call yourself an idi*t.

Missile Man pierces army apathy :: BrahMos.com

New Delhi, April 3: India can stake claim to be among the first in the world to be ready with a supersonic land-attack cruise missile because of the tenacity of an unheralded Missile Man whose pet project was almost written off for aiming too high.

Sivathanu Pillai, a technocrat whose bald pate is not covered by berets, whose chest is bereft of medals and shoulders of epaulettes, dared the Indian Army by claiming he would arm its artillery divisions with a missile the world had not seen.

The army is led by an artillery officer, General Deepak Kapoor, who wanted to see this wonder weapon himself.

So he led a team to the Pokharan desert range on January 20. The general witnessed the dismal failure of the BrahMos Mark II personally.

Yet, in the space of just over two months, Pillai produced a missile — a supersonic cruise missile for the army — through three rapid-fire tests that left the generals gasping for its uniqueness, for its speed and for Pillai’s sheer grit.

Pillai has made the BrahMos Land Attack Cruise Missile Mark II real despite opposition from the Indian Army that kept upping its demands and reducing the size of the targets in the tests.

The first target was the size of a factory, the second, also a factory the size of a large building and the third, a small building in a simulated urban cluster. The missile was tasked to hit the factory in the first two tests. In the third test, it was to discriminate, select and choose its target before destroying it.

Pillai’s BrahMos missed the first. The mission was aborted after the missile went off-target mid-course despite a successful launch on January 20 when the army chief was witness.

After the second test, on March 4, seen by deputy army chief Lt Gen M.S. Dadwal, Pillai said it was a success but the army said it was “evaluating and analysing” the results even three days after the test.

“The missile was in the target area all right,” Gen Kapoor said of the test. “But there has been one failure (on January 20) so we need confirmation and there are some technical issues.”

Then on March 29 — just last week — Pillai requested the army to send a team to witness another test. The director general of military operations, Lt Gen A.S. Sekhon, led a team.

This time, the army put up just a sheet as a target with reflectors on two sides to deflect the missile from its trajectory.

Pillai’s BrahMos hit bull’s eye. Without waiting for official word from the army this time, Pillai went public, proclaiming its success.

“In 15 minutes flat,” he put it simply in his chamber inside the headquarters of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in an interview to The Telegraph, “your enemy country can be destroyed and you do not even have to go nuclear.”

Pillai is the chief executive officer and the head of the Indo-Russian BrahMos, an acronym from the Brahmaputra and Moskva rivers. He is also the chief controller for armaments, land and naval systems in the DRDO.

“In the Iraq war, the US launched 1,000 Tomahawks in half a day,” he recalled. “You have to think on that scale. And the BrahMos is supersonic. It cannot be intercepted. Even we cannot do anything to it, once we launch it. Fire and forget. You think of the missile in hundreds, thousands, like you think of many, many arrows being fired from a quiver,” he said.

Two other known supersonic land-attack cruise missiles under development are the Fasthawk, made by Boeing in the US, and the French ANS. China also has a supersonic missile programme.

The BrahMos is ready.

Then why did the Indian Army open itself to suggestions that it was not keen on the project? Clear-cut answers won’t be available to such questions. But the army has been seeing demonstrations of missiles by Raytheon Corporation. A section of the army’s artillery officers has been impressed by it.

A piece of history that DRDO’s scientists are familiar with was in danger of being repeated: was another indigenous, rather, a semi-indigenous military programme going to be sacrificed in the interest of imports? And to the benefit of middlemen who would earn fat commissions? All in the name of national security? And national interest?

But this week — soon after Pillai’s third test — the vice-chief of army staff, Lt Gen Noble Thamburaj, announced at a seminar: “The BrahMos Mark II is ready for induction. The missile’s accuracy, lethality and range have made it a deadly combination.”

The army is now ready to raise two regiments of the BrahMos Mark II.

 

[Armand2REP]

You clearly have no idea about radars, radar reflectors, Brahmos, targets, test conditions etc etc etc. You are here to spout one nonsense after the another that makes no sense whatsoever whenever it comes to Russian systems. I am not arguing any more until you have studied some more. Until then assume whatever you want.

Regards.

For some reason you believe corner reflectors throw off radar waves at an angle making it tougher to target. That is not the case.

The radiation is thrown back to the source in the direction it came. The goal is to amplify the backscatter of the target. Backscatter means, what gets back to the radar emitter. By placing a corner reflector on the target, Brahmos was given an aid so it could find it. Why would they do this? Probably political reasons. Just look at the testing phase...

1st test = failure
2nd test = "technical difficulties"
3rd test = success with "corner reflector"

Then straight induction. Who inducts a missile after three tests and all being dubious? Then another thing, the first test was a failure because the "US turned off NAVSTAR?" Why would US turn off NAVSTAR? Nobody else ever reported it. It fell off course 7km because of that? What about its INS? Is it really that bad? Pressure was on DRDO to get an indiginious attack missile and it got one without adequate testing.

 

[ppgj]

@Armand.

the missile test video you posted was a 2006 test and not 2009 test ( no videos available, to my knowledge ).

i gave you 2 links in the past and p2p gave the third. now read this -

This time, the army put up just a sheet as a target with reflectors on two sides to deflect the missile from its trajectory.

from the above link as also the other links i posted for you. the two reflectors were not on the target rather on the sides away from the targets.

only proper video can confirm what you been saying about the corner reflector.

also -

Speaking about the earlier problems with the missile, officials claimed that there was a "small defect" in the software of the homing device of the missile, which they claimed to have rectified for the test this week.

Officials claimed that the technology in the Block II missiles was "unparallelled" and would help them hit even "insignificant targets" hidden in cluster of buildings.

"The new seeker being developed is unique and would help us to hit our targets which are insignificant in terms of size in a cluster of large buildings. Once developed, we would be the only nation with this advanced technology," theofficials claimed.

DRDO to Test-Fire BrahMos Missile on 4th March | Missiles & Bombs News at Defense Talk

this has been reported by the media post march 2009 test.

upto you to beleive it or not.

 

[ppgj]

Armand2REP - 03:06 PM 11-01-2010
Just show me a video with no corner reflectors.

well that is the problem. no videos are available. however check 2nd para of this link since it can't be copied (disabled on the site).

BRAHMOS: The most sophisticated cruise missile in the world :: BrahMos.com

 

[Armand2REP]

Even if you take the claims at face value, 3 tests: 1 failure, one sketchy, one success... who inducts a weapon on that record?

 

[ppgj]

Even if you take the claims at face value, 3 tests: 1 failure, one sketchy, one success... who inducts a weapon on that record?

not right. Block 1 is already inducted after multiple successes.

Block 2 had some initial problems with software glitches and the GPS input - BrahMos to get GPS data from Russian satellites :: BrahMos.com

now that stands corrected. they are being inducted.

indian armed forces are very difficult to please.

 

[Armand2REP]

not right. Block 1 is already inducted after multiple successes.

Block 2 had some initial problems with software glitches and the GPS input - BrahMos to get GPS data from Russian satellites :: BrahMos.com

now that stands corrected. they are being inducted.

indian armed forces are very difficult to please.

Clearly there is nothing wrong with the naval attack, Russia has proven that capability a thousand times for several decades. Land attack is an entirely different beast, especially one with supersonic high precision for inland cluttered areas. You need three things for that, 1) good INS, 2) good GPS or good TERCOM, 3) good radar imaging or IR imaging seekers. So Brahmos Blk 2 has GPS, it still needs good INS. GPS guided weapons don't just work off NAVSTAR, it just uses it as a guide to update its INS. The first test was a failure due to lack of GPS... well the thing landed 7km away from the target area. That says it has a fairly simple INS, like the same INS used in the Block I. Nothing wrong with that as long as you have access to GPS, but it is worthless without it. If they are putting up corner reflectors for whatever purpose, Block II has a radar imaging seeker. You can either use a preprogammed data base or programme it with a synthetic aperature radar map of the target. The SAR picture would give the greatest accuracy as a generic picture may hit anything looking like it in a cluttered environment. SAR would be picture perfect. Radar imaging works pretty well for big targets like a factory, hangers, or a lone radar station. It isn't so good for taking out buildings in the middle of a city, you wouldn't even try that without a SAR map. Now you may think, well we can do this, Russia has done it with Iskander. Not so fast... Brahmos Block II is suppposed to have a 1 metre CEP. Guess what, the advanced Iskander only has a CEP of 25 metres!

Don't believe me, check it out.

He said, adding that Iskander - a precision-guided weapons, the circular error probable missile from the target does not exceed 25 meters, and given that he has a rocket carries with it some powerful charge, there is no doubt that the task is done. "

ÀÐÌÑ-ÒÀÑÑ

Now India can do 25 times better than Russia... I'm having a hard time believing that.

 

[ppgj]

Clearly there is nothing wrong with the naval attack, Russia has proven that capability a thousand times for several decades. Land attack is an entirely different beast, especially one with supersonic high precision for inland cluttered areas. You need three things for that, 1) good INS, 2) good GPS or good TERCOM, 3) good radar imaging or IR imaging seekers. So Brahmos Blk 2 has GPS, it still needs good INS. GPS guided weapons don't just work off NAVSTAR, it just uses it as a guide to update its INS. The first test was a failure due to lack of GPS... well the thing landed 7km away from the target area. That says it has a fairly simple INS, like the same INS used in the Block I. Nothing wrong with that as long as you have access to GPS, but it is worthless without it. If they are putting up corner reflectors for whatever purpose, Block II has a radar imaging seeker. You can either use a preprogammed data base or programme it with a synthetic aperature radar map of the target. The SAR picture would give the greatest accuracy as a generic picture may hit anything looking like it in a cluttered environment. SAR would be picture perfect. Radar imaging works pretty well for big targets like a factory, hangers, or a lone radar station. It isn't so good for taking out buildings in the middle of a city, you wouldn't even try that without a SAR map. Now you may think, well we can do this, Russia has done it with Iskander. Not so fast... Brahmos Block II is suppposed to have a 1 metre CEP. Guess what, the advanced Iskander only has a CEP of 25 metres!

Don't believe me, check it out.

Now India can do 25 times better than Russia... I'm having a hard time believing that.

it is an old article of mid 2005. a worthy read.

obvious that indian scientists must have galloped ahead since. i still post full for others' benefit too.

INDIA DEFENCE CONSULTANTS

WHAT'S HOT? –– ANALYSIS OF RECENT HAPPENINGS

THE BRAHMOS PUNCH

By Sayan Majumdar

New Delhi, 10 May 2005

The formal induction of the BrahMos missile in Indian Navy service is imminent.

BrahMos Induction

The Indian Navy is all set to formally induct the Indo-Russian BrahMos supersonic Anti-Ship Cruise Missile (ASCM) adding a new and fearsome dimension to its capabilities. The successful tenth and final test of the missile, was fired from Guided-Missile Destroyer (DDG) INS Rajput, acting as a test bed, involved a combat prototype with a live warhead and marked the imminent formal induction of the missile –– less than four years after its first trial. BrahMos is destined to be a "tri-service" missile to be fired from surface ships, submarines, airborne platforms, trucks and land-based silos. Mass production of the missile has commenced and the company expects to supply the Indian armed forces with 1,000 missiles by 2015.

The BrahMos is destined to equip all future major Indian naval warships –– the three Project 15A Bangalore class guided missile armed helicopter carrying Destroyers (DDGH) and Project 17 Shivalik class guided missile armed helicopter carrying Frigates (FFGH) –– and will be retrofitted on one existing warship each year. (It may also be a prudent move to enable the Bangalore class DDGH to operate maritime Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) from the aft flight deck for reconnaissance and targeting purposes.) The BrahMos promises enormous destructive potential in littoral warfare operations in the Persian Gulf area or in waterways of South-East Asia, near the coastline or in narrow "choke-points", where the movements of enemy surface combatants are predictable and easily locatable. The BrahMos also presents itself as a formidable tool for enforcing a naval blockade.

BrahMos Technology

The BrahMos ASCM is a joint venture between Indian DRDO and Russian NPO Mashinostroyeniya (NPO Mash). BrahMos inherits a low Radar Cross Section (RCS) with an Active Radar Homing (ARH) seeker to facilitate fire-and-forget launch. Varieties of flight trajectories including sea-skimming or terminal pop-up followed by a deadly dive, complicate the task of the adversary. Mid-course guidance is inertial, developed and refined by Indian scientists. A 290-km long flight range with high supersonic (Mach 2.8) speed will lead to lower target dispersion and quicker engagement and higher destructive capability aided by the large kinetic energy of impact. In most of the cases the target warship will be denied sufficient time to react even if alerted. The missile appears to have been developed to defeat the increasing sophistication of ship-based defences comprising of longer-ranged and enhanced flexible phased-array radars in combination with point-defence missile systems, "closed-loop" Close-In Weapon Systems (CIWS) and smart decoys.

The BrahMos will turn out to be an even more deadly ASCM if the Indian software designers have by now matured the already formidable guidance system of the BrahMos predecessor SS-N-26 Yakhont which has accumulated all the NPO Mash experience in developing electronic systems of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Thus in case of a salvo launch a flock of BrahMos will be able to allocate and range targets by their importance and choose the attack implementation plan. The independent control system will take care of the Electronic Counter Measures (ECM) and Electronic Counter-Counter Measures (ECCM) data, and also the methods of evading the fire of the enemy's air defense systems. After destroying the main target in a CVBG or surface action group, the remaining missiles will destroy the other ships eliminating in the process the possibility of using two missiles on single target.

Air Launched BrahMos

It was announced that the air-launched version to be developed would have a smaller booster and additional tail fins for stability during launch. Surprisingly, "without prior notice" as part of Alfa next-generation airborne reconnaissance and strike system, NPO Mash unveiled the Yakhont-M air-launched supersonic ASCM at the MAKS 2003 air show, which share elements with the Indo-Russian PJ-10 BrahMos. The Yakhont-M is an air-launched ASCM intended for Sukhoi-30 multi-role fighters, Sukhoi-34 and Sukhoi-24M strike fighters with multi-sensor guidance, to engage surface ships and ground targets at up to 300-km. Reconnaissance and target acquisition would be provided by radar and electro-optical equipped Kondor low-Earth-orbit satellites. The Indian Air Force (IAF) Sukhoi-30MKIs will be capable of carrying three air-launched BrahMos each while the Indian Navy (IN) Long Range Maritime Patrol (LRMP) platforms will be armed with the missile. The missile is also slated to arm the Tupolev-22M3 ‘Backfire-C’ reconnaissance bomber if it enters IN service. The point of interest lies whether the missile can be accommodated in the internal rotary launchers of the reconnaissance bombers ensuring carriage in multiples and facilitating decent aerodynamic performance.

The Strategic BrahMos

While national media have reported a hypersonic Mach 8 variant of BrahMos to be developed in future, the Western defence media circles are anticipating a sub-sonic or transonic (near the speed of sound) Land Attack Cruise Missile (LACM) variant with an estimated range of 800-km to 1,400-km. In any case a Mach 8 variant of BrahMos will indicate a major technological breakthrough by the Russians in the context of the propulsion components of solid booster and liquid kerosene ramjet engine.

For their part, Indian scientists have for at least a decade, been working on solid-state lasers for use as super-high-speed ignition systems to arm missiles, although their present status is a closely guarded secret. A Mach 8 passive radiation homing BrahMos-2 if developed, will fulfil an Indian Navy requirement of a formidable Suppression of Enemy Air Defence (SEAD) LACM and also pose a deadly threat to enemy warships sporting elaborate air defence radar systems like the "AEGIS type" vessels under construction for the Chinese People Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).

The quest for a Brahmos LACM variant was hinted at in a test at Pokhran during December 2004, the missile being equipped with special image processing software for terminal homing. Although not officially stated, it could well be a Digital Scene Matching Area Correlator (DSMAC) variant, which uses a zoom lens to collect images and matches them with the snaps of the approach to the target stored in the memory, to conduct precision strikes against an array of enemy counter-force and counter-value targets ranging from airfields to overland communications, command and control centres and powerful air defence installations.

The United States Navy for their part has repeatedly demonstrated this concept in the past two decades over Middle East and Balkans with considerable success. It is one of the prime reasons for early accomplishments in operations and low US and allied casualties. During the Pokhran test BrahMos searched, located and destroyed a 50-cm thick concrete bunker with pinpoint accuracy. The Indian Army in anticipation of inducting the missile by 2007 has raised and begun training its first core group to man the cruise missile.

Guidance Systems

It is now an open secret that for mid-course guidance the Indians are working hard at enhancing and refining the Inertial Navigation System (INS) with possible Israeli assistance that keeps track of the smallest change in velocity of the missile from its launch. In fact, if the warhead is nuclear tipped to cause wide-area destruction, the degree of accuracy delivered by INS is sufficient. Indians are believed to have obtained gyroscopes and other related items from European nations and are said to have successfully reverse-engineered them.

A Global Positioning System (GPS) has also been made to complement the navigational data computed by INS. GPS is based on an array of low-earth NAVSTAR (NAVigation Satellite Targeting & Ranging) satellites. Computers onboard the missile, communicate with the satellites to accurately determine their instantaneous location. GPS mode enjoy few decisive advantages over the alternative Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM) system as TERCOM is somewhat less effective on say the flat deserts surfaces where the average height of terrain does not vary over long stretches for proper identification. However the US monopoly over NAVSTAR satellites means signals can be "degraded for other users" by United States at their will. India thus should involve itself with the rapidly expanding Russian GLONASS GPS project or other suitable alternatives in terms of scientific collaboration or financial resource sharing.

WHAT

 

[Armand2REP]

It is now an open secret that for mid-course guidance the Indians are working hard at enhancing and refining the Inertial Navigation System (INS) with possible Israeli assistance that keeps track of the smallest change in velocity of the missile from its launch. In fact, if the warhead is nuclear tipped to cause wide-area destruction, the degree of accuracy delivered by INS is sufficient. Indians are believed to have obtained gyroscopes and other related items from European nations and are said to have successfully reverse-engineered them.

If Brahmos is going 7km off target on INS, I doubt it has these developments.

 

[p2prada]

If Brahmos is going 7km off target on INS, I doubt it has these developments.

Stop being biased and you will see it for yourself.

 

[ppgj]

If Brahmos is going 7km off target on INS, I doubt it has these developments.

you keep nitpicking inspite of the links provided. let me give the reason for that. i posted previously and you seem to have not read it.

The supersonic cruise missile BrahMos missed the target at the Army’s range at Pokhran in Rajasthan because its global positioning system (GPS) blanked out, said DRDO officials. The American satellites that run the GPS had been switched off on the day Barack Obama was sworn in the United States President, they said. The missile, therefore, travelled for 112 seconds instead of the slated 84 seconds and fell 7 km away from the target.

Why BrahMos failed

as i said that has been taken care.

 

[Armand2REP]

Stop being biased and you will see it for yourself.

Show me results like this, and I'm all yours.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPyY8Src1vM

 

[ppgj]

Show me results like this, and I'm all yours.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPyY8Src1vM

wait till end of 2010. air launched brahmos will be on show.

Air-launched BRAHMOS to be test-fired in Dec 2010 :: BrahMos.com

they are being readied on su 30mki.

 

[prahladh]

Show me results like this, and I'm all yours.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPyY8Src1vM

You call these results. This missile blew up big blocks of containers, top attack. Show me a video with same low approach as Brahmos and the target as small as in Brahmos videos.