N4tsula67
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Thanks Haldilal ji for posting these papers. I was reading thse. And i want to add few comments on this.Ya'll Nibbiars some new DNA findings.
Balinese Y-Chromosome Perspective on the Peopling of Indonesia: Gen.
Balinese Y-Chromosome Perspective on the Peopling of Indonesia: Genetic Contributions from Pre-Neolithic Hunter- Gatherers, Austronesian Farmers, and Indian Traders
The island of Bali lies near the center of the southern chain of islands in the Indonesian archipelago, which served as a stepping-stone for early migrations of hunter-gatherers to Melanesia and Australia and for more recent migrations of Austronesian farmers from mainland Southeast Asia to the...digitalcommons.wayne.eduMitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome suggest the settlement of Madagascar by Indonesian sea nomad populations - BMC Genomics
Background Linguistic, cultural and genetic characteristics of the Malagasy suggest that both Africans and Island Southeast Asians were involved in the colonization of Madagascar. Populations from the Indonesian archipelago played an especially important role because linguistic evidence suggests...bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.comGenome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians - Nature
The first genome-wide scan for selection using ancient DNA, based on data from 230 West Eurasians dating between to 6500 and 300 bc and including new data from 163 individuals among which are 26 Neolithic Anatolians, provides a direct view of selection on loci associated with diet, pigmentation...www.nature.comMassive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe - Nature
A genome-wide analysis of 69 ancient Europeans reveals the history of population migrations around the time that Indo-European languages arose in Europe, when there was a large migration into Europe from the Eurasian steppe in the east (providing a genetic ancestry still present in Europeans...www.nature.comBradshaw Foundation - Journey of Humankind
Who were our ancestors? From where did we originate? If we came out of Africa, what factors governed our routes? And when? Now finally this interactive genetic map, created collaboratively with Professor Stephen Oppenheimer, based on his book 'Out of Eden' / 'The Real Eve'.www.bradshawfoundation.com
The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a - European Journal of Human Genetics
R1a-M420 is one of the most widely spread Y-chromosome haplogroups; however, its substructure within Europe and Asia has remained poorly characterized. Using a panel of 16 244 male subjects from 126 populations sampled across Eurasia, we identified 2923 R1a-M420 Y-chromosomes and analyzed them...
www.nature.com
This papers rekts the european origin of the R1a trunk. They further worked on this lineage and found that the R1a1 has several branches which can be grouped into two. One set of branches are found in India and Central Asia, where as the other set of branches are found in europe.
Of the european samples of R1a, 96% belonged to Z282, and 98.4% of Indian and Central Asian lineages belonged to the lineage Z93. Study concludesthat one branch M558 originated in Volga-Ural area and migrated with the group further west into East europe. The branch M458 broke off after that. Only after these, the branches M282 and M284 originated.
The Indian branch Z93 is quite common today in South Siberia, Altai region of Russia, Kyrgyzstan and Iran. The further branches of Z93 lineage are 1. Z2124 found in pashtun afghanistan, caucasus and iran; 2. M750 in India, porkyland, afghanistan and Himalayas; 3. M560 in burushaski, hazara, and iranian azeri
They proposed the place of origin of R1a somewhere “near iran” . But instead of saying “near iran”, saying Indian sub-continent would have been more accurate. As the conclusion does not take into account of the R1a lineages present in the Indian tribes and dravidian speakers. They were not included by in this study. This study also did not include the study of R1a present in several eastern regions of India like Bihar, UP, as well as R1a present in Myanmar, Thailand, and Indonesia etc
The Y-DNAs R1 (M173) and R* (M207) are found in large numbers in Bali (Indonesia) today, and they have migrated there from India . In fact at least 12% of Balinese male lineages were found to be of Indian origins in this study. These R1 DNAs are ancestral to R1a1. See -
https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/vol77/iss1/8/
They found that R1a lineage has reached Madagascar also when people of Indonesia migrated to this island. Such findings only prove that R1a1 originated in India and not in iran.
See - https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-015-1394-7
Recent finding of ancient DNA from the Indo-european maikop culture dating 3700 BC in North Caucasus further adds weight to Indian origin of Indo-european. This paper shows that several of the ancient mtDNAs recovered from maikop belonged to the Indian M52 type. Thus proving that the maikop people had arrived from India, and they had included female migrants too.
See - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305440316301091
This research paperis about tarim Basin mummies recovered from Xinjiang in Central Asia had all males in the R1a1 (M198A) lineage , which is Indian. The date was late Bronze Age to Iron Age. Since the lineage was not present in Europe in such large frequency at that time and before this time, its arrival could have been only from India or Iran. The high frequency may be because of the founder effect. Other evidence also shows migration during that period from India or iran. They further concluded that the tarim Basin mummies carried Indian maternal DNAs in good frequency.
Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians - Nature
The first genome-wide scan for selection using ancient DNA, based on data from 230 West Eurasians dating between to 6500 and 300 bc and including new data from 163 individuals among which are 26 Neolithic Anatolians, provides a direct view of selection on loci associated with diet, pigmentation...
www.nature.com
This paper shows samples of India branch that is R1a-Z93 have been found from the Bronze Age sintashta Ukraine about 2500 BC .The presence of Indian DNA here clearly indicates that Indo-europeans didnt came to India from sintashta, but went from India to sintashta.
Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe - Nature
A genome-wide analysis of 69 ancient Europeans reveals the history of population migrations around the time that Indo-European languages arose in Europe, when there was a large migration into Europe from the Eurasian steppe in the east (providing a genetic ancestry still present in Europeans...
www.nature.com
I think this has been posted by someone here earlier but posting again for this context.
Recent DNA evidence shows that europe experienced a massive population influx from the east, beginning around 4,500 years from the present . Several haplogroups were involved in this demic expansion, including the Indian-origin R1a1a. This was almost a total replacement event, which indicates that Indo-Aryans, among others, expanded westward into europe and to a large extent replaced indigenous european males and their Y-chromosome strata.This indicates military expansion. Conquest.This genetic evidence indicates that several Y-chromosomal (patrilineal) lineages, one of which was the Indian-origin R1a1a, gave rise to the modern European population. Out of these lineages, R1a1a is the most widespread and numerous. See also - https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/3/150303-human-dna-europe-language-archaeology/