Damian
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Both are Main Battle Tanks so they are designed to fill the exactly same role.The T90 and Arjun are in completely different weight classes and hence fill totally different battlefield roles.
Weight have nothing to do with protection. The front turret armor thickness of both Arjun Mk1/Mk2 and T-90S will be comparable, approx ~800mm at 0 degrees from turret longitudinal axis. T-90S is lighter only because it is a smaller vehicle. In simple less internal volume means less armor surface that needs to protect it which in the end means less weight.The Arjun is a 58 ton tank designed to fight long-range tank duels as part of a heavy mechanized force. It has thick armor and a 450km operational range. The T90 is a 47 ton tank designed to perform fast envelopment and exploit gaps blown by heavier formations. It has thinner armor and a 700km operational range.
Many countries use only one type of Main Battle Tank, because what it's classification code says, is a Main Battle Tank. MBT was tank class, designed to replace both Medium and Heavy tank classes with one, single class that have a protection and firepower of a heavy tank (actually superior to heavy tank) with mobility of medium tank (in fact superior to medium tank).Massing up one type of tank for both roles is a mistake,
I find it fascinating that people outside former WarPac or NATO, are mostly unable to understand this.