Missile development in India is a saga of self-reliance and sustained struggle, with the pioneers learning by reverse engineering and battling technology denial regimes such as the Missile Technology Control Regime ("Missile shield", Frontline, February 13, 2009).
The MTCR, with the United States at its head, targeted India after the successful tests of the Prithvi missile in February 1988 and the Agni in May 1989.
Supply of computer processor chips, radio frequency devices, electro-hydraulic components, maraging steel, magnesium alloy, gyroscopes, accelerometers, carbon fibre, glass fibre and, so on, was stopped to India.
Undaunted, the DRDO collaborated with public and private sector industries and academic institutions and developed
maraging steel for rocket motors, carbon-carbon composites and resins for the re-entry vehicle of the Agni missiles, magnesium alloy, phase shifters for Rajendra radar for Akash missile, winding machines, and so on. The
public sector undertaking, Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited (MIDHANI), the Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL), and private industries together developed the magnesium alloy which was denied to India by Germany. When the first plate of magnesium alloy rolled out of MIDHANI, Germany said it would give India any amount of magnesium alloy. The DRDO wrote back saying it was prepared to export the alloy to Germany ( Frontline, February 13, 2009). " :thumb:The DRDO always converted challenges into opportunities," said Chander.