Surgical Strikes Can’t Be Brave Flash In The Pan And Must Become New Norm In South Asia
by Maj. Gen. (Retd) G D Bakshi
The surgical strikes have underlined a critical dimension of national security—national resolve. Thomas Schelling had spoken about the aspect of a nation’s reputation for resolve. A nation-state like Israel has a fearsome reputation for resolve.
Any terrorist strike on its soil would be responded to by immediate retaliation in the form of air attacks, drone strikes or raids. Retribution would be lethal. Similarly, Vietnam has acquired a fierce reputation for steely resolve. It has fought with formidable foes such as France, the US and China. China under Mao Zedong cultivated an equally fierce reputation for national resolve. It launched a million men across the Yalu river in Korea when the Americans failed to heed its warnings and did not stop their advance towards China.
India unfortunately has acquired a reputation as a soft state. Despite being a military and economic power, it was most unwilling to use force to protect its national interests. The historical roots of this aversion go back to our freedom struggle.
The British realized the limitations of Mahatma Gandhi’s non-violent approach and tacitly encouraged it. It was Netaji Bose who strongly advocated that non-violence would not get us freedom. The center of gravity of the British rule was the loyalty of Indian armed forces to the Raj. Bose wanted to strike at this loyalty. The British Indian Army had grown to the size of 1.3 million men in World War I and 2.5 million in World War II. The loyalty of the Indian troops had not wavered. In the axis powers of World War II, Bose saw an opportunity to throw out the British by using the Kautilyan dictum—“an enemy’s enemy is a friend.”
Gandhiji virtually drove Bose into exile. Later Bose escaped to Germany and raised the Indesche Legion from Indian PoWs. Then he traveled to Japan in a submarine and took charge of the Indian National Army (INA) and expanded it to 60,000 men in arms. He formed an Indian government in exile, which was recognised by nine countries (including Russia). The battles of Imphal-Kohima were the most fiercely fought in British military history—26,000 men of the INA perished in the Burma campaign. Though the INA lost these battles, it won the war for India’s freedom. In a triumphalist gesture, the British put three INA officers on trial in the Red Fort, which enraged the nation and led to large-scale rioting.
What was significant, however, was the impact it had on the loyalty of the Indian in the armed forces of the Raj. In February 1946, mutinies broke out in the Royal Indian Navy, Air Force and finally the Army. The British saw the writing on the wall and panicked. Within a year, they had granted Independence.
Contrary to the contrived national narrative, force played a significant role in India getting freedom. The key decision-maker was Lord Clement Atlee, the then British PM, who went on record to say that it was primarily Bose, INA and the mutinies they inspired that forced Britain to grant Independence. To gain political legitimacy, court historians distorted the narrative of the freedom struggle to deny any role of force and glorified tools of ahimsa. This led to an emphasis on pacifism and cultivated abhorrence for the use of force. India became a soft state and a virtual punching bag for its neighbors.
The armed forces were deliberately under-resourced, which led to the disaster of 1962. Correctives were applied by the Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi regimes who expanded and modernized the armed forces. In the 1971 war, Mrs Gandhi broke Pakistan won a historic victory. After her assassination and then her son’s, India went back to being an effete power. For 46 years after 1971, no other PM gave the order to cross the LoC or international border.
In 1980, Pakistan started an asymmetric war in Punjab and took it to J&K and the rest of India. India failed to respond to these provocations. South Asia had gone nuclear, and the civilian leadership terrified itself into complete impotence based on exaggerated fears of a nuclear war with Pakistan. Not just Pakistan, the Cabinet Secretary refused to authorise use of the Indian Navy even against Somali pirates.
It is only recently that surgical raids were launched across the border in Myanmar and PoK. At long last, India has shown national resolve. The surgical strike in PoK was done overtly. It served to call Pakistan’s nuclear bluff and allayed fears of Chinese military intervention. India must now inculcate a reputation for resolve and the willingness to use military force to safeguard its interests. The surgical strikes cannot be a brave flash in the pan. It must become the new norm in South Asia. Pakistan must be clear that any more Uris will invite strong retaliation at a time and place of India’s choosing.
http://www.newindianexpress.com/mag...become-new-norm-in-south-asia-1532154--1.html
Edit: Edited with correct title... messed up during posting!!