When these nations were formed, the British never had any forethought about the future situations.
Then US messed up the balance by empowering the local tribes like Pasthuns and others. From that point onwards whole country became big mess.
Britishers have plan with Afghanistan...Iran have plan with Afghanistan...Russia have plan for Afghanistan..but none of them materialize because nobody can decisively defeat Duranis and Emirs of Afghanistan...
Afghanistan is a artificial nation...so bad that every major power in 19th century give up on the land...
Every power in the Afghanistan want whole Afghanistan..either taliban or Govt..even local taji..Uzbek militia never fully want seperate state or demand joining with their fellow brethren across the border...Afghanistan identity is strong...and it has still hope...
To solve Afghan situation, one need to first make the local tribes- which happen to be small power centres there- powerless and make them dependant on their state.
There is no simple military solution to this big time mess-up.
Why ???? Why not strengthen these local set up...why not establish it as republic of mountainous tribes..just like early 19th century Switzerland...
U can understand dire condition of kabul govt when Russia-China-Pak discuss their nations own future on their own capital..excluding them....remind me 1793 partition of Poland by Russia-Prussia-Austria. Tomorrow Pak-China-Russia-US will break Afghanistan with their geo-political interest against ppls will ..
The Kabul govt is hopeless along with a hopeless army...even if they want to do good work..they simply have not power to enforce rule...India should help more "constructively" rather sending military support...
Dismantle..this ANA setup...redistribute it..remould it in regimental setup like "Tajil Regiment.."Ujbek regiment" etc..redistribute states based on ethnicity..and give every state a autonomy...strengthen the local points..Tribes mostly want this..they want less interference within them..These change can only be possible with indias support ...We indians are more trusted so ppl have more faith on us when they saw radical changes...
I believe this model can help Afghan army to avoid ethnic clashes...and they can easily route Taliban or these type of forces with their strategy and proper co-ordination..Strong military return faith of ppl and confidence of govt...
Also Indian govt and finance ministry also should help Afghan govt to properly utilize limited resource...US/NATO dump many fail economic project their as they turnout over expensive like "farm for cashmera goat" which created with vision of providing world class Swal...we can rejuvenated these project and by avoiding mismanagement we can get definite success...Afghan are't poor soldier that they need other nations help...they are mismanaged..