Story of the Week
Geo-Spatial Technology for Expansion of Sericulture in India
Indian sericulture is an age old practice, producing all four types of natural silk namely, Mulberry, Tasar, Eri and Muga. Sericulture production is limited to a few pockets in our country and declining in areas under silkworm food plants is a matter of concern. The current production (about 28,708 MT during 2014-15) is not adequate to meet the demand for silk in the country. Realizing the tremendous scope for improving the production and quality of silk through intervention of Geo-spatial tools and web technology, an ambitious project was taken up by
Central Silk Board (CSB) for implementation during 2008-09 to 2013-14 period with an objective of identifying the additional potential areas for development of silkworm food plants for 108 priority districts from 24 States at 1: 50,000 scale in three phases:
- Phase I: 41 districts covering all 8 States in North Eastern Region (NER).
- Phase II: 45 districts covering 11 other non-traditional States namely, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh.
- Phase III: 22 districts in 5 traditional States namely Andhra Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal.
It was also envisaged to develop a Geo-portal for integrating the potential area maps along with other required information for expansion of sericulture at district level. The project, unique of its kind was implemented by
North Eastern Space Applications Centre (NESAC)in collaboration within State Remote Sensing Application Centres and State Directorates of Sericulture in the selected 24 States.
Methodology
Identification of potential areas for sericulture development involves evaluation of land, water resources and climatic requirements for growing silkworm food plants as well as rearing of silk worms. It needs interpretation and integration of soils, climatic parameters, vegetation and other aspects of land, like wastelands and slope using GIS. As there is limited scope of expansion of plantations under silkworm food plants, emphasis was given to identify cultivable wastelands using satellite data with standard classification approach. Six parameters of soil namely, drainage, ground water, texture, depth and pH and two topographic parameters namely, slope and erosion were considered for suitability evaluation.
Suitability of climate for the food plants are described in terms of: (i) temperature (ii) rainfall (water supply) and (iii) minimal length of growing period. The weather data, collected from India Meteorological Department (IMD) and the Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) established by ISRO was analyzed for rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature, Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) and Length of Growing Period (LGP) for the silkworm food plants.
The most important environmental factors for rearing of silkworm are atmospheric temperature and humidity prevailing at the time of rearing. The combined effect of both temperature and humidity largely determines the satisfactory growth of the silkworms. The optimum temperature and humidity for normal growth in mulberry silkworm is between 23-28 0C and 70-85% RH (relative humidity) respectively. Spatial layers on the temperature suitability for silkworm were generated as it was done in case of silkworm food plants.
Results:
a) Additional area suitable for Mulberry host plants in North Eastern States
Out of total 108 districts, 41 districts were selected from 8 NE States covering a total geographical area of 9,35,195 sq km. Among the NE States, Nagaland is found to have maximum suitable areas- 21.9% of Total Geographical Area (TGA) that can be brought under Mulberry Sericulture. This is followed by Meghalaya (15.8%) and Sikkim (15.7%). Due to limitation of physiographic conditions and climate, Arunachal Pradesh is having very limited areas (17,242 ha in selected 7 districts) that can be brought under sericulture activities.
b) Additional area suitable for Mulberry host plants in other selected States
Among non-traditional sericulture states, Bihar has been found to have the highest percentage of areas suitable for mulberry sericulture, which is about 11% of TGA in the selected 3 districts, followed by Madhya Pradesh (10.2%) and Himachal Pradesh (9.7%). Among traditional sericulture States, Karnataka is found to have as high as 11.6% of TGA in the selected districts are suitable for mulberry sericulture. The state of Punjab has been found to be least suitable for Mulberry sericulture with only 521 ha of areas delineated as marginally suitable in the selected two districts. Other two States which have been found to be less suitable for Mulberry sericulture are Uttarakhand (0.05%) and Chhattisgarh (0.6%), but Uttarakhand has about 595 ha of area under highly suitable categories in the selected 5 districts. For non-mulberry sericulture, Bihar and West Bengal have significant proportion of suitable areas for Eri and West Bengal and Uttarakhand have significant suitable areas for Muga. For tropical Tasar, Orissa has the highest percent of suitable areas (25%of TGA) in the selected 4 districts followed by Jharkhand (21.2% of TGA) in the selected districts.
Development of SILKS Geo-portal
A Geo-portal titled Sericulture Information Linkages and Knowledge System (SILKS) has been developed as a single window decision support system to provide all the sericulture related information for all the selected 108 districts. The
SILKS Geo-portaldeveloped as a part of the project has been put in the public domain. SILKS is a single window, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) -based information and advisory services system for farmers, sericulture extension workers, administrators and planners working in the field of sericulture development. The portal is now made available in 12 languages namely, English, Hindi, Telugu, Kannada, Assamese, Bengali, Mizo, Manipuri, Khasi, Garo, AO-Naga and SUMI-Naga. It has 13 major non-spatial modules and 4 spatial modules, which are grouped into three categories, namely Planning Services, Other Services and Natural Resources Management. The available modules under Planning Services are Silkworm Food Plants Production Technologies, Techniques of Rearing Silkworm, Diseases and Pest Management of Silkworm Food Plants, Improved Varieties of Silkworm Food Plants, Species of Silkworm, Processing of Cocoons, Infrastructure and Equipments and Allied Sectors and Occupations. Other Service has modules like Micro Credit and Self Help Group, Seri Marketing, Seed Distribution Centres, Weaving Reeling Centres and Schemes & Grants for Farmers. Farmers Services module consists of Weather and Weather Advisory, Disease and Pest Forewarning and Support Services.
Within a short span of about two years, the portal has been able to make significant impact particularly in NER and a number of sericulture expansion activities have been initiated based on the outcome of the study. Regular updation of information content in the portal requires continuous support from all the stakeholders based on the feedback from the users particularly sericulture farmers.
A series of hand on trainings have been provided to officials and other stakeholders on the use of SILKS webportal. Recently SMS based sericulture advisory has been started in support of IMD, which is being linked to SILKS portal for maintaining the database and also to evaluate feedbacks. A Sericulture project atlas was released by Hon’ble Union Minister of Textiles on Nov. 17, 2015 at Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore.
This project on Applications of Remote Sensing and GIS in Sericulture Development received National e-Governance SILVER Award 2014-15 under the category - "Innovative use of GIS Technology in e-Governance" by Department Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Government of India.
Story of the Week - Archive
Apr 05, 2016 : Geo-spatial Technology for Expansion of Sericulture in India
Mar 28, 2016 : First Theme based On-line Outreach Programme conducted at IIRS on Geo-spatial Technologies for Urban Planning
Mar 21, 2016 : Gadanki Ionospheric Radar Interferometer (GIRI) established at NARL
Mar 15, 2016 : Vicarious CalVal Facility for Calibration of Satellite Sensors
Mar 07, 2016 : A new Brazing process for Semi-Cryo Engine established by ISRO
Feb 29, 2016 : Hot Isostatic Press Facility was inaugurated at VSSC
Feb 26, 2016 : ISRO participates in "Make In India Week"