ISRO General News and Updates

[cobra commando]

ISRO working on ion propulsion system for satellites

The Indian space agency is looking at the possibility of having ion propulsion system to power its future satellites, said a senior space scientist on Saturday. Speaking to reporters, Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre director K.Sivan said: "In order to reduce the satellite mass, we are looking at ion propulsion system." The centre is part of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Presenly the satellite fuel occupy space and make it heavy. According to Sivan, the proposed technology would be tested in a communication satellite. In an ion engine, Electric power is used to create charged particles of the fuel, usually the gas xenon, and accelerate them to extremely high velocities. The exhaust velocity of conventional rockets is limited by the chemical energy stored in the fuel's molecular bonds, which limits the thrust to about 5km/s. Ion engines are in principle limited only by the electrical power available on the spacecraft, but typically the exhaust speed of the charged particles range from 15km/s to 35km/s. US space agency NASA used the ion engine in its Dawn spacecraft. To read more about the engine and the journey of the spacecraft, follow the link to an earlier story below.
Dawn of a new era: the revolutionary ion engine that took spacecraft to Ceres

The other technology that the centre is working on is semi- cryogenic engine. He said the centre has tested the ISRO developed cryogenic engine for 20 seconds, and the duration of the tests will be increased in the future. India's heavy rocket - Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-MkIII - will be powered by the cryogenic engine.

http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=0Kl-vromzaQ

ISRO working on ion propulsion system for satellites

 

[pmaitra]

ISRO working on ion propulsion system for satellites

The Indian space agency is looking at the possibility of having ion propulsion system to power its future satellites, said a senior space scientist on Saturday. Speaking to reporters, Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre director K.Sivan said: "In order to reduce the satellite mass, we are looking at ion propulsion system." The centre is part of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Presenly the satellite fuel occupy space and make it heavy. According to Sivan, the proposed technology would be tested in a communication satellite. In an ion engine, Electric power is used to create charged particles of the fuel, usually the gas xenon, and accelerate them to extremely high velocities. The exhaust velocity of conventional rockets is limited by the chemical energy stored in the fuel's molecular bonds, which limits the thrust to about 5km/s. Ion engines are in principle limited only by the electrical power available on the spacecraft, but typically the exhaust speed of the charged particles range from 15km/s to 35km/s. US space agency NASA used the ion engine in its Dawn spacecraft. To read more about the engine and the journey of the spacecraft, follow the link to an earlier story below.
Dawn of a new era: the revolutionary ion engine that took spacecraft to Ceres

The other technology that the centre is working on is semi- cryogenic engine. He said the centre has tested the ISRO developed cryogenic engine for 20 seconds, and the duration of the tests will be increased in the future. India's heavy rocket - Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-MkIII - will be powered by the cryogenic engine.

http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=0Kl-vromzaQ

ISRO working on ion propulsion system for satellites

Cool video.

Question: The neutralizer that releases one electron is at one end. Would that have any effect on the propulsion by biasing the propulsion to one side? Would it help to have four neutralizers on four sides of the grid?

 

[Sridhar]

Mar 30, 2015
IRNSS-1D post launch update: first orbit raising operation of IRNSS-1D is successfully completed

The first orbit raising operation of IRNSS-1D is successfully completed by firing the Apogee Motor at 17 28 hrs IST, on March 29, 2015. The orbital parameters are: Perigee Altitude: 314 km, Apogee Altitude: 35653 km, Orbit period: 10hr 30min.

IRNSS-1D post launch update: first orbit raising operation of IRNSS-1D is successfully completed - ISRO
Mar 30, 2015
IRNSS-1D post launch update: second orbit raising operation of IRNSS-1D is successfully completed

The second orbit raising operation of IRNSS-1D is successfully completed by firing the Apogee Motor for 28 min 23 sec. at 09 07 hrs IST, on March 30, 2015. The orbital parameters are: Perigee Altitude: 8459 km, Apogee Altitude: 35565 km, Orbit period: 13hr 13min.
IRNSS-1D post launch update: first orbit raising operation of IRNSS-1D is successfully completed - ISRO

 

[Abhi9]

RLV-TD News

Flight integration activities for the Hypersonic Experiment mission, HEX-01 has commenced. The sub assemblies such as flight fuselage with wings, inter stage and base shroud are under preparation. Silica tiles, Flexible External Insulation (FEI) blankets and Carbon-carbon nose cap have been realised and qualified for flight.Solid booster motor (HS9) has been positioned at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. Assembly of vehicle is in progress towards RLV-TD HEX-01 mission targeted for launch during the first half of 2015.

 

[cobra commando]

Isro successfully tests indigenous cryogenic engine with four-tonne capacity - Livemint

 

[cobra commando]

Riding high on the success of epoch-making Mars Orbit Mission in September 2014 and space rentry capsule in December and IRNSS-1D achieving own navigation system in March, ISRO is not letting its determination lie anywhere down now. The next ISRO mission will entail sending DAWN-like spacecraft to probe asteroids, said ISRO chairman A.S.Kiran Kumar on Monday, while attending the 24th convocation at Sathyabama University. The university is developing nano-satellites for the next Mark III mission. Dr Kiran Kumar listed three important future missions which are essential and prestigious for ISRO such as sample return mission, asteroid mission and lander mission. The advisory committee on science chaired by Prof U.R. Rao will go through the discussions and decide what kind of plans ISRO should have in future, he informed. For now, he said ISRO would launch disaster monitoring constellation satellite for Surrey space technology.
He repeated again that in June India's Mangalyaan mission would be obliterated as earth, mars and sun would align on the same line and hence there will be no communication with Mars Orbiter Mission for at least 14 to 15 days. However, the MoM will be on its autonomous mode, he said. On forthcoming GSLV Mark-III launch vehicle in 2017, he said it would carry a full satellite of about 3,500 kg and the rocket will make its first orbital flight – designated D1 – with the GSAT-19E spacecraft.
ISRO Eyes 3 Mega Space Projects a-la NASA |

 

[kurup]

^^^^^^^^ various cycles analysed by ISRO for CE-20 cryogenic engine which finally adopted Gas Generator cycle

 

[kurup]

Heavy lift Launch Vehicle = HLV

A Heavy lift Launch Vehicle capable of placing up to 10 ton class of spacecrafts into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit is currently under study by a project team.

This new generation launch vehicle will derive its propulsion modules from LVM3 as well as from new developments, which include semi cryogenic booster stage, larger solid strap on boosters as compared to S200 strap on motors used in LVM3 and a larger cryogenic upper stage.

The Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle will have an optimal and robust design incorporating the latest technologies.

http://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC_V4/index.php/technology/heavy-lift-launch-vehicles

 

[cobra commando]

SRIHARIKOTA: The Indian Space Research Organization is set to test its sophisticated, indigenously-built, multi-object tracking radar (MOTR) on a rocket flight next month while formal commissioning is expected to take three months time, said a senior official. "The MOTR designed and developed by Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) will be tested next month during a PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) rocket flight. The formal commissioning of the system is expected to happen three months down the line," SDSC director MYS Prasad told reporters here. The space scientists with justifiable pride were showcasing the state-of-the-art radar that can track 10 objects simultaneously objects up to 30cm by 30cm at distance of 800km. In case of objects of 50cm by 50cm size, the radar can track at a slant range of 1,000km. "The Rs 245 crore MOTR can be termed as the classic example of a 'Make in India' project," Prasad said. According to him, a similar radar would cost around Rs 800 crore in the international markets and is mainly used for defence purposes. "The software for operating the system and analysing the data was developed in-house and around Rs 100 crore value could be put for that," said V Seshagiri Rao, the former project director. To the best of his knowledge only select group of countries have the capacity to build such radars in the world, Prasad said. Prasad said Raythaeon, Northrop Grumman, Lockheed Martin, of the US, Thales, Canada-Europe, Elta of Israel and NEC of Japan have the capability to make such systems.


Read more:
Isro makes sophisticated multi-object tracking radar

 

[cobra commando]

ASTROSAT is the first dedicated Indian astronomy mission aimed at studying distant celestial objects. The mission is capable of performing observations in Ultraviolet (UV), optical, low and high energy X-ray wavebands at the same time. The satellite is planned to be launched during the second half of 2015 by PSLV C-34 to a 650 km near equatorial orbit around the Earth. It is significant to note that ASTROSAT is the first mission to be operated as a space observatory by ISRO. All the payloads and sub-systems are integrated to the satellite. Mechanical fit checks of the satellite with PSLV payload adaptor were performed successfully. Last week, the spacecraft was fully assembled and switched ON. Spacecraft parameters are normal, which indicates everything is functioning well. In the coming days, Spacecraft will undergo several environmental tests like Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) – Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), Thermal Vacuum, Vibration, Acoustic tests before shipment to Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. ASTROSAT carries four X-ray payloads, one UV telescope and a charge particle monitor. Apart from ISRO, four other Indian institutions, viz., Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) and Raman Research Institute (RRI) are involved in payload development. Two of the payloads are in collaboration with Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and University of Leiscester (UoL), UK.
ASTROSAT crossed a major milestone – Spacecraft fully assembled and tests initiated

 

[cobra commando]

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: A scaled-down, unmanned version of India’s futuristic space shuttle is getting the final touches at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) in Thumba. With the construction of the Reusable Launch Vehicle- Technology Demonstrator (RLV- TD) nearing completion, A S Kiran Kumar, chairman, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), is scheduled to lead a review of the dream project here on Friday.“The ‘space plane’ part of the RLV-TD is almost ready. We are now in the process of affixing special tiles on its outer surface which is needed for withstanding the intense heat during re-entry into the earth’s atmosphere,” SSC director M Chandradathan said. “The entire construction of the RLV-TD is being handled by VSSC,” he said.

ISRO has tentatively slated the prototype’s test flight from the first launchpad of Sriharikota spaceport for July this year, but the date would be finalised depending on the completion of construction. The proposed RLV is designed in two parts; a manned space plane rigged atop a single stage, booster rocket using solid fuel. The rocket is expendable while the RLV would fly back to earth and land like a normal aeroplane after the mission. The prototype- ‘the RLV-TD’ weighs just 1.5 tonnes and would fly up to a height of 70 kms.


Read more:
Futuristic Unmanned Space Shuttle Getting Final Touches

 

[cobra commando]

NEW DELHI: The Union Cabinet has approved Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) continuation programme of fifteen operational flights of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C36 to PSLV-C50, thus enabling the launch of satellites required for Earth Observation, Navigation and Space Sciences along with the possibility of clinching commercial launch service contracts. The total fund requirement is Rs 3090 crore and includes the cost of fifteen PSLV vehicles, Programme Elements, Programme Management and Launch Campaign. It will meet the demand for the launch of satellites at a frequency of four to five launches per year, with a greater focus on enhancing the level of participation by the Indian industry. All the fifteen operational flights would be completed during the period 2017-2020. Presently, PSLV operational flights, which were sanctioned in 2008, are being utilized to meet the satellite launch requirements. The operationalisation of PSLV has made the country self-reliant in the launching capability of satellites for earth observation, disaster management, navigation and space sciences. The PSLV Continuation programme will sustain this capability and self- reliance in the launching of similar satellites for national requirements. PSLV has emerged as a versatile launch vehicle to carry out Sun- Synchronous Polor Orbit (SSPO), Geo-synchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) and low inclination Low Earth Orbit (LEO) missions. PSLV has established itself as a workhorse vehicle for national satellites with a production capacity that would enable responding fast to commercial launch opportunities also.

Cabinet Approves PSLV Continuation Programme

 

[Alien]

India closer to developing its own space shuttle

Isro's 1.5-tonne vehicle is undergoing final preparations and is expected to make its maiden flight towards the end of July or August. (Representative picture)

MUMBAI: India is on the cusp of developing its own reusable space launch vehicle, popularly known as a space shuttle. Isro's 1.5 tonne vehicle resembling an aircraft is provisionally slated to make its maiden flight towards the end of July or August from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.

Officially known as the reusable launch vehicle (RLV-TD), it is undergoing final preparations at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre in Thiruvananthapuram. Its primary role will be to reduce the cost of access to space. The cost of placing 1kg of object in space is about $5,000, which scientists are hoping will come down to about $500 with the RLV.

As of now, there are no plans to use it for a manned mission. Speaking to TOI, those connected with the nearly Rs 100-crore project said that the spacecraft will initially be carried by a single solid rocket booster with nine tonnes of propellants.

After lift off, it will zoom to an altitude of 70km and then execute a soft landing in the Bay of Bengal. The duration of this sub-orbital mission is expected to be around 900 seconds.

The most anticipated moment will be when the vehicle re-enters the Earth's atmosphere at five times the speed of sound. An Isro engineer told TOI: "To prevent the vehicle from getting damaged (due to heat), its nose has been protected by carbon-carbon and there are about 600 heat-resistant tiles placed around the vehicle. These tiles will be able to withstand a temperature to about 1,200 degrees Celsius."

The space-qualified tiles have been procured from Tamil Nadu.

Interestingly, after it splashes down, the vehicle will sink to the bottom of the sea and for now there are no plans to recover it.

"We have simulated different scenarios and we know what can happen. But, we have kept other options open. If there is a change of thinking at the last moment, we may seek the help of the Indian Navy and the Coast Guard to recover it," the engineer said.

Isro ultimately plans to develop technology to land the shuttle on a runway.

The mission, which will attract global interest, will evaluate technologies such as hypersonic flight, autonomous landing, powered cruise flight and hypersonic flight using air-breathing propulsion.

These technologies will be developed in phases through a series of experimental flights. The first in the series is the hypersonic flight experiment followed by the landing experiment, return flight experiment and scramjet propulsion experiment.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...ts-own-space-shuttle/articleshow/47384132.cms

 

[cobra commando]

Isro moots ground station in Vietnam

BENGALURU: The Indian Space Research Organization (Isro) has mooted a proposal for a ground station in Vietnam. The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) is also keen on the project. The organization already has a network of ground stations within the country, one in Mauritius and two in Indonesia. The proposal is going to help India receive, process and use data from Indian satellites for a variety of applications including disaster management support, a senior scientist told TOI. It can also be used to provide training in space science, technology and applications which will benefit other members of Association of South-East Asian Nations (Asean) too —Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Isro seems to have already convinced Prime Minister Narendra Modi who discussed the topic at the India-Asean meet at Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar in November. "Modi has broken the ice on the matter and it assumes importance as this is a diplomatic project which will need another country's co-operation," the scientist said. Another scientist said that currently, for any major launch that has a launch phase of more than 22 minutes (like Mars mission), they need to use the help of global ground stations for which there are partnerships. "But for launches that have a launch phase of 22 minutes or less (all our communication and remote sensing satellites), we use our own stations barring one. This station at Vietnam will enable us to be completely self-reliant for such satellites," he pointed out. Besides, this will allow India to take lead in the region and act as a station for other smaller Asian countries during their launches.

Isro moots ground station in Vietnam

 

[cobra commando]

ISRO funds ranchi scientist to develop sensor for missile

RANCHI: Prime minister's make in India mission would not succeed unless technology for certain vital projects like space research, defence and missile technology is developed indigenously. With this view, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has decided to fund Ranchi based scientist to conduct research on developing temperature sensors for aerospace application that would be utilized in missile/ rocket system for determination of its location in space. Dr Vijay Nath, professor at the department of electronics and communication engineering at Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra would now be working on a project titled design of ultra low power CMOS ( complementary metal oxide semiconductors) temperature sensors for aerospace application. Under sponsored research (Respond) project, Space Application Centre (SAC) of ISRO approved the proposal moved by Dr Nath sanctioning him Rs.25 lakh to fund his research work. According to the letter issued by ISRO, Department of Space, copy of which is with the TOI, total duration for the project shall be three years which comprises two year time for chip design and one year for fabrication in HCL, Chandigarh. In the first year Rs.18.55 lakh will be released towards meeting the first year's expenditure of the project. Talking to TOI, Nath said that ultra low power CMOS temperature sensors are procured from Belgium and once the technology is developed indigenously it would revolutionise various projects that require temperature sensors.


Read more:
ISRO funds ranchi scientist to develop sensor for missile

 

[Alien]

The first GSLV Mark III rocket, also known as LVM3, performed a successful suborbital test flight last December. (credit: ISRO)
India’s GSLV Mark III: Another step ahead
by Debalina Ghoshal
Tuesday, May 26, 2015


The initial phases of India’s space ambitions suffered a setback due to the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) and the US interference in Russia’s transfer of cryogenic engines to India, which restricted India’s access to the former Soviet Union’s cryogenic engine technology. However, India managed to procure a cryogenic third stage from Russia that was used in the GSLV-D1 set for 2001. However, the GSLV suffered technical problems, as the Russian-made cryogenic engine fired for a shorter time than expected. The GSLV Mark I experienced mixed performance. While the I(a) configuration was a success, the I(b) proved a failure. The GSLV-D3 also suffered a failure in 2010.

However, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has since then demonstrated its ability to launch lighter satellites into space successfully. Not only this, ISRO also set up its own marketing arm, the Antrix Corporation Limited, for the “promotion and commercial exploitation” of space. Successful flights of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) led India to use its PSLV capability as a multi-satellite launch system for launching the satellites of foreign countries. In June 2014, the PSLV-C23, just like the C20 that launched foreign satellites in 2013, launched satellites for several nations.

It would make little sense for New Delhi to develop an ICBM capability based on a cryogenic engine when India has already progressed with long-range missiles using solid propulsion technology.
However, India continued to lag behind other nations in launching heavier satellites. The year 2014 started on a positive note for ISRO when it a performed a successful launch of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)-D5 equipped with an indigenous cryogenic engine, a technology delayed by two decades. Despite the progress made, India still lacked the capability of sending heavier satellites into space since the GSLV-D5 was not yet powerful enough to launch larger satellites.

This technology raised many concerns over India’s space capability being used for building intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). However, it would make little sense for New Delhi to develop an ICBM capability based on a cryogenic engine when India has already progressed with long-range missiles, some with a range of 5,000 kilometers, using solid propulsion technology. As New Delhi seeks survivable and mobile missile systems, any long-range missile system equipped with cryogenic engine would result in a heavier missile system likely incapable of swift mobility. Moreover, with a “no first use” nuclear doctrine, using a cryogenic engine for a long-range missile capability becomes a cumbersome task due to the operational hazards of working with propellants stored at extremely low temperatures.

Last year ended also on a positive note for ISRO scientists when they successfully tested their third-generation, three-stage rocket, the GSLV Mark III, also known as the LVM-3. It is capable of launching heavier satellites, weighing up to four tonnes, to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) and placing ten tons of payload into low Earth orbit (LEO). The 2014 test provided a flight validation of the launch vehicle and the telemetric system. The LVM-3 also tested the atmospheric re-entry pattern and a passive test of the cryogenic engine. This GSLV technology would put an end to India’s reliance on foreign satellite launch vehicles to send heavier satellites into space.

Further, just like the PSLV, the GSLV could also be used for commercial applications, that is, to launch heavier satellites of foreign countries. In March 2015, to provide additional credibility to its GSLV program, ISRO conducted successful hot-fire testing of the cryogenic engine, CE-20. The engine has already undergone a “cold test” in October 2014. This engine is heavier than the engine used in the GSLV-D5, the CE-7.5 engine. Successful testing of the cryogenic engines, be it the CE-20 or the CE-7.5, is crucial to the success of the GSLV, particularly the new Mark III.

The GSLV Mark III can be capable of carrying heavier satellites like the INSAT-4. ISRO plans its next GSLV Mark III launch in 2017, carrying the GSAT-19E communications satellite, a spacecraft that previously might have required a launch on a foreign vehicle. India is clearly progressing in its ability to launch heavier satellites into space.

http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2757/1

 

[TejasMK3]

GPS top-up GAGAN is up and ready

Passengers can expect shorter travel time, airlines can save fuel while airports can cut congestion
On May 19, GAGAN, the Rs. 774-crore Indian ‘augmentation’ to GPS, beamed its first signals and became fully ready for use.

India becomes the first country to offer satellite-based fine-tuning of GPS in the challenging equatorial region of severe ionospheric variations. GAGAN is built over the US military's location-telling Global Positioning System. It reached fruition on April 21 when it was certified for APV1 — or precision vertical guidance for planes to land safely — according to its co-creator, the Indian Space Research Organisation. An earlier RMV 0.6 certification for en route navigation came in 2013.

Airports Authority of India and ISRO initiated GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation over a decade ago to smoothen air traffic in the country.

Officials associated with it say that when airlines fit a GAGAN receiver on planes and use it, fliers can expect shorter air routes and travel time; fuel and other savings for airlines; while airports can cut congestion and manage air traffic better. Its non-aviation spinoffs, too, are said to be enormous.

An AAI official told The Hindu that with the infrastructure ready, the challenge is in ensuring it is used. The government may be urged to make it mandatory for specific aviation users to use GAGAN receivers, starting with smaller, general aviation planes.

As in Europe and the US, it would take a long time to fit Airbus and Boeing planes with the Indian receivers, the official said.

A.S. Ganeshan, Director of ISRO SatNav Programme, said pilots and other users of GPS would now have near-exact, highly reliable and consistent data on position, height from ground and time. The space agency has provided a transponder each on GSAT-8, GSAT-10 and the upcoming GSAT-15 satellites.

Should GPS signals ‘go bad’, an aircraft approaching an Indian airport would now get landing help within six seconds.

To land, it needs a visibility of 4,000 metres or must turn back. With GAGAN signals, even at a 1,000-metre visibility will do, without ILS landing aids.

AAI is tuning up ground systems at Belagavi, Ahmedabad and four other airports and enthusing airlines and receiver-makers to join in.

 

[kurup]

Salient points from interview of outgoing VSSC Director M.C.Dathan ..... from Mathrubhumi daily dated 30 May 2015 .

* PSLV-28 launch on July 10 in a commercial mission carrying 3 foreign satellites .

* RLV-TD launch on July or first week of August . The TD will be recovered after splashdown .

* PSLV C-30 with Astrosat will be after that .

* GSLV D-6 (MK2 variant) with fully completed indigenous cryogenic engine CE-7.5 will be launched in August .

* 2 more IRNSS satellites will be launched by year end .

* GSLV MK3 aka LVM3 fully configured version first flight will takle place in 2016 beginning .

* Chandrayan-2 with home-built orbiter , lander and rover will be launched in 2017 .

* Human Space Mission will be carried out in 5 years . (I think he meant within 5 years once the govt gives nod)

 

[kurup]

Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle concepts

ISRO have carried out study of 4 different concepts of HLV to date . These are explained below in random order .


Concept-1

Payload Capacity : 25 tons to LEO (10 tons to GTO)

A Heavy lift Launch Vehicle capable of placing up to 10 ton class of spacecrafts into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit is currently under study by a project team. This new generation launch vehicle will derive its propulsion modules from LVM3 as well as from new developments, which include :

1) semi cryogenic booster stage, SC200
2) larger solid strap on boosters as compared to S200 used in LVM3 (S250) and
3) a larger cryogenic upper stage (C50).

Welcome to VIKRAM SARABHAI SPACE CENTRE - Heavy Lift Launcher


Concept-2&3

Concept 2&3 together was supposed to carry out a human mission to moon . It was first shown in a presentation by ISRO at the IAC 2009 .

Concept-2 = Crew Launch Vehicle
* Architecture - 4 S230 + SC500 + C60
* Liftoff weight - 1690 tons
* Capability - 31 tons to Low Earth Orbit
* Payload - Crew Module (6 tons) + Service Module (25 tons)

Concept-3 = Carge Launch Vehicle
* Architecture - 8 S230 + SC800 + C60
* Liftoff weight - 3075 tons
* Capability - 84 tons to Low Earth Orbit
* Payload - Earth Departure Stage (67 tons) + Lunar Descent Module (17 tons)

SuperNova: Indian Moon Rockets: First Look


Concept-4

Single LV capable of Lunar Man Mission with payload capacity of 100tons to LEO

This looks like a single LV capable of replacing two LV of concept-2&3

SuperNova: ISRO Heavy Lift Vehicle

 

[cobra commando]

ISRO to map and provide management plans for heritage sites and monuments of National importance