Then in 1856 U.S. Consul General Townsend Harris had a cow brought to the Consulate and slaughtered on the grounds of the temple. Then he, along with his interpreter Hendrick Heusken, roasted and consumed the meat along with some wine.
This caused great disturbance in the community and farmers began to hide their cows in fear. Eventually Heusken was killed by a Ronin (a Samurai with no master) leading anti-foreigner campaigns.
But the act was done – they had killed the most sacred animal to the Japanese. It was this act that was said to inaugurate modern Japan. Suddenly “old conventions” were out, and the Japanese could shed their “primitive” and “backward” ways. In 1931 the consulate building was renamed “The Temple of the Slaughtered Cow” to memorialize this event. A statue of the Buddha, on top a pedestal decorated with cows, overlooks the building.
From then on slaughter houses started to appear and wherever they opened panic arose. The Japanese felt it desecrated their neighborhood, made it unclean and inauspicious.
By 1869 the Japanese Ministry of Finance established the gyuba kaisha, a company designed to sell beef to foreign traders. Then in 1872 Emperor Meiji passed the Nikujiki Saitai law which broke the two great strictures for Japanese Buddhist monks – it allowed them to get married and eat beef. Following that, in the same year the Emperor publicly announced that he personally loved to eat beef and mutton.
On February 18, 1872 ten Buddhist monks stormed the Imperial Palace to assassinate the Emperor. Five of the monks were shot and killed. They declared that eating meat was “destroying the soul” of the Japanese people and must be stopped. This news was suppressed in Japan but was reported in a British newspaper The Times.
The Emperor then disbanded the Samurai warrior class, replaced them with a Western style conscripted military, and started purchasing modern weapons from the United States and Europe. Many samurai became impoverished overnight. They were now on a lower standing than the merchant class who were profiting through new trade.
Marketing Meat In Japan
With the Emperor publicly declaring his love for meat the intellectual, political, and economic classes began to embrace it. Intellectually meat was promoted as a sign of civilization and modernity. Politically meat was seen as a way to build up the strength of the military – to build a stronger soldier. Economically meat was associated with affluence and wealth for the merchant class through trade.
But the general public still regarded meat as unclean and sinful. A process to market meat to the public began. One technique was to rename the meat so as to avoid knowing what it was. For instance, boar was called as ‘botan’ (peony flower), deer as ‘momiji’ (maple), and horse as ‘sakura’ (cherry blossom). We see a similar marketing approach today with Happy Meals, McNuggets, and Whoppers – whimsical names to hide the violence.
One meat company in 1871 ran this advertisement pitch for meat:
“First of all, a common excuse for disliking meat is that since cows and pigs are so big, butchering them is unbearable. Which is bigger, a cow or a whale? No one is against the eating of whale meat. Is it cruel to kill a living creature? Is it not cruel to slice open the spine of a live eel or to cut the head off a live turtle? Are beef and cow’s milk unclean? Cows and sheep eat only grains and grasses, while the boiled fish paste found in Nihonbashi is made from sharks that have feasted on drowning people. Although soup made from black porgy [a marine fish common in Asia] is delicious, it is made from a fish that eats the human excrement discarded from ships. And while spring greens are certainly fragrant and delicious, I expect that the urine applied [as fertilizer] to the plants the day before yesterday has soaked into the leaves completely. Does beef and milk smell bad? Don’t pickled fish organs also smell bad? The fermented and dried jack-fish meat certainly smells much worse. And what of the pickled eggplant and daikon radish made using the method introduced by our ancestors, by which insect larvae are combined with the rice miso used to pickle them? Isn’t the issue based more upon what we are used to and not used to? Beef and milk provide a great deal of nourishment and are extremely good for the body. They are basic ingredients of westerners. We Japanese must open our eyes and begin to receive the benefits to be had from beef and milk.”
Slowly the public began to turn.
The Cycle of Destruction
The coming decades saw Japan develop a modernized military with expansionist dreams. Meat became a staple of the Japanese soldier’s diet. While the scope of the subsequent wars is too great for this article we can say Japan went on to commit great atrocities across South East Asia. As the war was coming to a close, the United States, once weapons supplier to Japan, was putting the finishing touches on the world’s most destructive weapon.
On July 16, 1945 in Alamogordo, New Mexico, the first atomic weapon, code named ‘Trinity’ was detonated. The “father of the atomic bomb” Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, upon seeing the results thought of the Bhagavad Gita verse (11:32) “Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds.” You can see him commenting on this verse below:
The U.S. military then set their sights on Japan. Most of the cities in Japan had already been decimated by years of war. President Truman decided on two targets – Hiroshima and Kokura. These were standing cities unharmed thus far by the war. By dropping the weapon upon these targets they could gain valuable ‘testing’ of the effects on buildings and humans while breaking the will of the Japanese people.
Three weeks later, on August 6, 1945 the Enola Gay dropped “Little Boy” a uranium bomb on the southern city of Hiroshima. Some 80,000 people were killed instantly with another 70,000 injured and dying over the subsequent weeks.
The next target was the city of Kokura but a typhoon rolled in delaying the flight. When the weather cleared on August 9, 1945 the plane, blessed by two priests, was loaded with “Fat Man”, a plutonium based implosion weapon. It took off from Tinian Island (code named ‘Papacy’) with orders to drop the weapon on the city of Kokura only on visual sight.
The pilot, Major Charles Sweeney, flew over Kokura but the city could not be seen due to cloud cover. He passed over and flew around for a second attempt but still could not see the city. Running low on gas and flying over enemy territory he made his third and final attempt. Again the clouds made it impossible to make visual sight of the target.
He flew on prepared to head back to base. Then the clouds parted and Major Sweeney could see the city of Nagasaki. With visual sight of a target he ordered the bomb dropped. It fell into the Urakami valley of Nagasaki. And with a flash as hot as the sun over 40,000 people were instantly killed. Far more would have died but the walls of the valley protected much of the exterior city.
Two of the greatest war crimes in history had just been perpetrated. The old and the young, men, women, and children, the healthy and the infirmed – all were killed. No mercy was shown.
The phrase “the Luck of Kokura” came to mean escaping unaware complete destruction.
When news came back that Nagasaki was destroyed the two priests that blessed the plane were in shock. Both Father George Zabelka (Catholic) and William Downey (Lutheran) would later renounce all forms of violence.
You see, Nagasaki was the center of Christianity in Japan, and the Urakami valley was the center of Christianity in Nagasaki. Almost 396 years to the day that Francis Xavier first arrived in Nagasaki fellow Christians killed more members of their faith than any Samurai ever did over 200 years of persecution.
Later two U.S. Catholic Bishops (John O’Hara and Michael Ready) were urged by General Douglas MacArthur, the Allied Supreme Commander, to send “thousands of Catholic missionaries” at once for they only had about one year to “fill the spiritual vacuum created by the defeat.”
The Aftermath & Modern Japan
The Japanese were completely destroyed. On September 2, 1945 they officially surrendered.
During the U.S Occupation (1945-1952), the Allied Supreme Commander established a school lunch program, managed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), in order to “improve the health” of Japanese school children and teach them an acquired taste for meat. Initially 250,000 children participated which increased to 8 million by the end of the occupation.
But a mysterious disease began to infect the school children. Some feared it was due to residual radiation from the atomic weapons. Rashes started to appear all over their bodies. In time they realized the Japanese were allergic to meat and the hives were a reaction to this sensitivity.
Over the coming decades Japan saw an increase in meat imports as well as the development of their own domestic slaughter industries.
In 1976 the U.S. Meat Export Federation (USMEF) began a marketing campaign to promote U.S. meat in Japan. This was followed up with the 1985 Farm Bill Targeted Export Assistance (TEA) program. In 2002 USMEF create the “Desire Beef” campaign followed by the “We Care” campaign in 2006. The private-public relationship between the USDA and USMEF has helped to promote meat eating in Japan generating billions of dollars for the U.S. slaughter industry.
A sign of the current situation is a recent headline from McClatchy DC, December 8, 2014, that reads: “Japan’s soaring demand for cow tongue drives U.S. exports.”
Conclusion
This historical account can show us the techniques used in the promotion of meat eating:
1) An appeal to religious/foreign minority status.
2) Targeted conversion of the upper classes.
3) Targeted conversion of the lower classes.
4) Marketing of meat with whimsical names.
5) Association of meat with modernity, health, and wealth.
6) Weapons sales to create political instability.
7) Threats and acts of war to create free trade.
8) Complete destruction & rebuilding a new meat friendly culture.
9) The creation of school lunch programs to teach children meat eating.
10) The use of trade associations & economic incentives.
The ancient Seers understood the subtle laws that guide the universe. The violence inherent in meat sows the seeds of future conflict. When you see these techniques used know that a pralaya (destruction) awaits.
Once Japan was ruled by some of the greatest protectors of the cow – the Samurai.