According to Reuters news agency and other media have recently reported: lasted for nearly two decades of so-called "Bhutanese refugees" problem, as the United States and Europe will begin to accept them immigrants, are expected to gradually be resolved within a few years. This issue relates to China and India in South Asia's geo-politics, but cause for concern.
The origin of the problem is a prime example of national subjugation and neighboring Bhutan: The original Buddhism, the majority of Sikkim has been "ethnic cleansing" in from Nepal and India, a large number of Hindu migrants to move into India, after being annexed. The Government of Bhutan then make a determined effort to expel the 100,000 similar to the modern Hindu immigrants and indigenous people, of which about 70000 back to Nepal, and the remaining 30000 stranded in India, the United Nations UNHCR problems.
Over the past few decades, India's limited economic and military strength, it can be handy in South Asia, not only within the constraints of the various separatist, but also made full use of the external separatist movement, expansion of their territories and spheres of influence .
First, India's support in 1971 against the United States and the Soviet Union, the dismemberment of Pakistan, leading to an independent Bangladesh. Another is the use of Hindu immigrants become masters in 1975, the annexation of the Independent State of Sikkim, Tibetan Buddhism, and threat to the survival of Buddhism in neighboring Bhutan.
Bhutan's "life and death threat" is also more than that. In 1974, under the direction of the Dalai Lama insisted not to join the Bhutanese nationality, Tibetan "refugees", instigated the murder of a King of Bhutan and then "seize power" of the coup plot, including the Dalai Lama's official representative in the country, including many "refugees "Thus was arrested by the Bhutanese authorities.
India's "three religions-take-all"
This "Bhutan's main security issues" ( "New Encyclopaedia Britannica," the phrase) is deep-seated reason for this is primarily due to believe in Bhutan, Tibetan Buddhism, Nyingma (Ningmapa, commonly known as the Red Sect), while the Dalai Lama "in exile Government "is almost the Gelug Sect (Yellow Sect) of the pre-eminence. From direct involvement in Bhutan at that time, "Incident" brother of the Dalai Lama's pro-Gyalo Toinzhub, fled in panic after the incident, India, New Delhi informed of this project will certainly coup.
Therefore, the use of Islam in India dismembered Pakistan's internal conflicts, the use of a large number of Hindu immigrants annexation of the Buddhist kingdom of Sikkim, but also the use of Tibetan Buddhism, Bhutan's internal affairs involved in factional conflict, and then as the Dalai Lama's "government in exile" Tibetan independence movement led by the host, described as " three religions-take-all "in the geopolitical full use of religious tools.
Thus look at China and India rise and fall of new forces in South Asia. First, Sino-Indian border dispute heating up due to the significant deterioration, especially in the eve of Obama's visit to China, the Dalai Lama went to India in the disputed region in the possession of South Wang, "preaching", significantly strengthened the dispute over the border in New Delhi The Licensing Board.
Followed by Nepal. Pro-Beijing orientation Maoist Prime Minister Prachanda coalition government took office only nine months, then the Government of India single-handedly planned and was forced to resign in May of this year. After prolonged political instability in Nepal, the Maoists have taken place in early December last demonstrators and "India in Nepal's most loyal ally" - the bloody conflict between government forces in Nepal. In accordance with the recent "Economist" magazine saying, rather than by the Maoist-led democratic government, India would prefer to see a military dictatorship, to continue under the control of Nepal in New Delhi.
No longer be under pressure in India, Bangladesh, in early December to extradite to each other the "United Liberation Front of Assam," the President Lakehuowa (Arabi nda Rajkhowa) and other separatist leaders, as appeasement of Assam's independence movement in New Delhi important achievement.
India's new government has also resolved the earlier Obama to Afghanistan - Pakistan war and the new policy of linking the Kashmir issue, forcing Washington to abandon this "package" settlement of the Afghan - Pakistan plans to Islamic extremism, successfully prevented the Kashmir issue in international of.
In contrast, Beijing's South Asia region's "soft power" able to be clumsy. Tawang even behind the Dalai Lama went to India, the Chinese an unusual invitation to Kashmiri separatist leader Farooq (Mirwaiz Umar Farooq) visit to Beijing, apparently to give New Delhi a tit for tat diplomatic signals. However, faced with the threat of separatism in Xinjiang, "Kashmir card" for Beijing is a risky double-edged sword: the Kashmiri separatist movement with Pakistan and Afghanistan, as well as the Xinjiang independence organization Islamic extremist groups have a relationship, the United States in the war in Afghanistan captured a number of Uighur staff are good.
In Nepal and India are still in the ascendant of the Maoist rebel forces, it would have been a very good diplomacy, "ko", Beijing was then a legislator, did not dare to regain long abandoned the "exporting revolution" policy be used.
The greatest historical paradox, in the face of India, encroachment around the McMahon Line expansion, China's soft power would have been great to compete: three dynasties of Yuan 600 for many years to foster the historical achievements of Tibetan Buddhism, from Beijing's Lama Temple , Wutai Mountain, and Mount Putuo and the deep roots of Tibetan Buddhism, the Chinese senior monks of "sects, Tibetan," a profound self-cultivation, to Tibetan Buddhism in China and Taiwan today, many believers, the original is available in abundant soft power resources. But Beijing today has Taiedaochi, he was engulfed by the Buddhist kingdom of Sikkim, India, in turn played the "Tibetan Buddhism card." It is worth reflecting on the lessons.