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RISAT/CARTOSAT : India's Intelligence Satellites in Orbit
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LETHALFORCE
New Member
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LETHALFORCE
New Member
- Joined
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- Messages
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- 48,929
..:: India Strategic ::.. Space: Indian Navy eyes ‘Gagan’ to achieve network centricity
Indian Navy eyes 'Gagan' to achieve network centricity
Literally translating to 'sky', Gagan is an acronym for GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation System and is a programme for Indian Regional Navigational System.
For centuries, navigators, surveyors and explorers used the sextant and celestial bodies to locate their navigational position with some accuracy to avoid tragedy, and to arrive at their intended destinations. This all changed on 26th June 26, 1993 when the US Department of Defence launched the 24th Navstar satellite into orbit, completing a network of satellites costing around $ 12 billion and creating what is now known as the Global Positioning System (GPS).
Today with a GPS receiver that costs less than a few hundred dollars, one can instantly get one's location in latitude, longitude and even altitude to within a few meters.
A combination of minimum four satellites continuously transmitting signals all over the world can be fed in to a computerised receiver to give an accurate fix which is updated every few minutes. It has changed the way one navigates a ship, drives a car, locates a tagged container or a mobile phone etc, but more significantly it has changed military systems, targeting and intelligence with the incorporation of GPS in most applications, including missiles and bombs on way to their targets.
In the 1990s, the Indian Navy was the first Service to introduce the Magnavox receivers on major ships and soon the Indian Air Force and Army followed. The tiny computer box with its small antenna was fondly referred to as 'Commander Magnavox' in the Navy and when commanding officers wanted to test navigational skills of their officers, Cdr Magnavox was purposely switched off; they were back to the sextant and astro tables.
The applications of GPS has changed most civil and military applications that need accuracy of navigation and is today invariably linked into systems including internet and is very widely used in military operations and surveys, intelligence and missile and weapon control and direction. Technological fantasies and programming possibilities abound in what GPS can do just like the internet which itself was a military innovation, has galloped and all such advances of technology in warfare are referred to as the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA).
The GPS system provides a novel, unique, and instantly available location for every square metre on the surface of the earth and new international standard for locations and distances, for system providers. Naval and military grids of positions can be pin pointed and the location of targets stored in operational plans including nuclear response linked to decision assist systems for use in an instant.
With GPS, the military has been given a technology of unbounded promise, but it needs noting the GPS system most commonly used is controlled by USA's Department of Defense, with a C/A transmission code with 15 metres accuracy and can be switched off or fiddled with to mislead some intended recepients.
The US military and its allies have access to the secure P code and the Wide Area Augmentation System (WASS) which is more accurate. The US operators can, at their will, introduce errors in satellites, just switch them off. That is why the Russians have gone in for the GLONASS system, where India is a partner. The Chinese have made the Biedou system regionally operational with ambitions of a larger Compass system and the EU has gone in for the Galileo.
India is not lagging.
Its major space programmes include the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS)-GAGAN and ship-borne internet communications linked system with an ISRO launched satellite that would fructify in the coming two years. The second programme will assist the Indian Navy become an advanced network centric warfare (NCW) capable war-fighting arm.
The IRNSS will be an autonomous regional GPS navigational system developed by ISRO under total control of the Indian Government since other GPS systems are not guaranteed in hostile situations. The government approved the project in May 2006, to be completed and implemented by 2012. A goal of complete Indian control has been articulated, with the space segment, ground segment and user receivers all being built in India with source codes.
It is unclear whether the Russian GLONASS will be linked to the IRNSS project or feed additional technical support to enable its completion.
The proposed IRNSS system consists of a constellation of seven satellites and a ground support segment. Three of the satellites in the constellation will be placed in geostationary orbit over the Indian Ocean located at an apogee of 24,000 km with atomic clocks and electronic equipment to generate the navigation signals.
The IRNSS signals will consist of a special positioning precision service being carried on L5 (1176.45 MHz) and S band (2492.08 MHz) and broadcast through a phased array antenna to maintain continuous coverage and signal strength. The satellites would weigh approximately 1,330 kg each and their solar panels will be capable of generating 1,400 watts, with 20 meters accuracy throughout India and extending further to 2000km.
The ground segment of IRNSS constellation would consist of a Master Control Center (MCC), ground stations to track and estimate the satellites' orbits and ensure the integrity of the network (IRIM), and additional ground stations to monitor the health of the satellites with the capability of issuing radio commands to the satellites. The control centre would estimate and predict the position of all IRNSS satellites, calculate integrity, make necessary ionospheric and clock corrections and run the navigation software. In pursuit of a highly independent system, an Indian standard time infrastructure would also be established by 2012.
THE GAGAN AIR NAVIGATION SYSTEM LINKED TO USA'S GPS
Gagan is being progressively installed at an estimated cost of Rs 774 crores (USD 163.516 million approximately). It is a Satellite Based System (SBAS) over the Indian air space being implemented by ISRO and the Airport Authority of India (AAI) with two down links for seamless navigation and control of air traffic, with Raytheon of USA as the contactor.
It will be linked globally with other systems like WAAS of USA, EGNOS of Europe and MSNAS of Japan.
Gagan involves development of indigenous technology in frontier areas with numerous benefits to the aviation sector and would enable aircraft to navigate on a straight path/ route instead of navigating in zig-zag path over land based stations.
This system would also provide coverage of oceanic areas, which is not possible by terrestrial systems; improve airport and airspace access in all weather conditions; enhance reliability and reduce delays; provide uniform and accurate navigation performance over the entire airspace; provide fuel efficient air corridors and provide CAT-I approach without ground element support.
Additionally the project would result in fuel savings/efficiency for airlines and enable higher air traffic within the limited airspace, and the military could use it for identification of aircraft and protection of India's air spaces.
INDIAN NAVY FROM LINK II TO INTERNET WITH ISRO'S MILTARY SATELLITE C4ISR
On 23rd September 2009, ISRO in a landmark event launched an ocean-monitoring satellite OCEANSAT 2 and six European nano satellites aboard a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) that lifted off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on India's Southeastern coast.
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in a statement congratulated the ISRO on the successful launch of OCEANSAT-2, which he said "will herald a new beginning in our understanding of the oceans". The ocean monitoring satellite was placed into its intended 720-kilometer sun synchronous polar orbit. The 1,000-kilogram satellite is the second in a series of ISRO remote sensing satellites dedicated to ocean research. It is dedicated to data collection that began with OCEANSAT-1 launched in 1999 and is nearing the end of its operational life.
A third satellite OCEANSAT-3 is planned for launch in 2012. OCEANSAT-2 is being used for weather tracking and forecasting and the identification of potential fishing zones, ocean condition forecasting, coastal zone studies and providing inputs for weather forecasting and climate studies. The Indian Navy has access to the data and bathymetric studies assist Anti Submarine Warfare among other military uses.
The Indian Navy has not been lacking in the field of its efforts to augment its C4ISR (concept of Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) capabilities.
The Navy has placed a futuristic order worth $ 2.1 billion for eight of the latest Boeing P-8I long range maritime reconnaissance 737s with the latest C4ISR equipment, which will roll out in 2011, and soon ISRO will launch a Navy dedicated communications satellite for which terminals are being installed on all ships to enterprise area wide network.
On 20th April 2009 ISRO launched RISAT-2, India's first synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite built by Israel, similar to Israel's TECSAR for imagery at sea and along the coast. RISAT-1 is being prepared for launch by ISRO along with newer OCEANSAT series.
In all this, the role of the Weapons Engineering Electronics Systems Establishment Weapons (WESEE) needs to be advertised as the unsung heroes in many technology endeavors of the Indian Navy. The latest and very significant is the Link II internet-based digital transmission system, making sure the Indian Navy stays ahead marching towards network centricity.
WESEE is the Navy's own in-house research and development agency which began as small unit under Ministry of Defence to harness technologies for improved communications and amalgamation of the Soviet weapon systems with Western supplied systems. WEESE was also assigned to assist in the Navy-wide communications network, mid-life upgrades of ships for fitment of new weapon systems on the platforms being refitted and constructed in India. These tasks began in earnest with the improved Leanders of the Vindhyagiri and Godavari class.
Thanks to WEESE in the field of communications and transmission of digital data the Indian Navy had already made advances by imbibing a lot from the US Navy in the eleven Malabar exercises it has taken part in, when the US CENTRIX M system for digital internet communications and protocols was provided to the participating ships.
The Indian Navy has always attempted to leap-frog by continual modernisation of its fleet to meet its tactical requirements in the Indian Ocean Region and has always upgraded its communications, command and control systems. With a WEESE led home made LINK 2 internet the Navy swiftly moved to become a net-enabled digital Navy, as a first step towards network-centricity.
The excellent pioneering work was accomplished by the Navy's young tech-savvy officers.
The Navy worked closely with Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL), Defence Research and Development Organisation and Tata Consultancy Ltd and a firm in Chennai which makes modems, to achieve high standards of operational network centricity. BEL made the Link II details public which is an internet modem-linked ARINC 249 protocol system for ships at sea.
So far, the Indian Navy was receiving low bit-rate transmission and reception on HF/VHF and INMARSAT commercial usage which has been very costly.
The Indian Navy and ISRO have announced that a military communications geo stationary satellite dedicated to the military will be launched soon over the Indian Ocean which will give the Indian Navy ships full internet secure digital transmission of data, intelligence, maps, situation reports and internet for social welfare of ship's crews in real time with better bit rate.
The exchange between ships and headquarters will be in real time, so essential when India enters the nuclear deterrence phase form the seas. The result will be that the Indian Navy will be marching towards full net centricity very soon.
The ship based dual offset Gregorian terminals in 45 inch radomes for transmission and reception are to be supplied by Orbit Technology Group of Israel and installed on the Indian Navy ships.
Orbit claims it has worldwide acceptance in the US, UK and Singapore. The UAV control radomes fitted in the Indian Navy ships INS Taragiri and Vindhyagiri in a revolutionary move are also supplied by the same company.
The internet terminals linked to the ships CIC computers, compass and other sensors will be able to cater for appropriate roll, pitch and yaw.
India's march towards modern, safe and secure global positioning, navigation and data transmission in the Indian Ocean has begun and India believes in cooperation with the littoral states and to provide facilities in the Indian Ocean Rim (IOR) countries.
Indian Navy eyes 'Gagan' to achieve network centricity
Literally translating to 'sky', Gagan is an acronym for GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation System and is a programme for Indian Regional Navigational System.
For centuries, navigators, surveyors and explorers used the sextant and celestial bodies to locate their navigational position with some accuracy to avoid tragedy, and to arrive at their intended destinations. This all changed on 26th June 26, 1993 when the US Department of Defence launched the 24th Navstar satellite into orbit, completing a network of satellites costing around $ 12 billion and creating what is now known as the Global Positioning System (GPS).
Today with a GPS receiver that costs less than a few hundred dollars, one can instantly get one's location in latitude, longitude and even altitude to within a few meters.
A combination of minimum four satellites continuously transmitting signals all over the world can be fed in to a computerised receiver to give an accurate fix which is updated every few minutes. It has changed the way one navigates a ship, drives a car, locates a tagged container or a mobile phone etc, but more significantly it has changed military systems, targeting and intelligence with the incorporation of GPS in most applications, including missiles and bombs on way to their targets.
In the 1990s, the Indian Navy was the first Service to introduce the Magnavox receivers on major ships and soon the Indian Air Force and Army followed. The tiny computer box with its small antenna was fondly referred to as 'Commander Magnavox' in the Navy and when commanding officers wanted to test navigational skills of their officers, Cdr Magnavox was purposely switched off; they were back to the sextant and astro tables.
The applications of GPS has changed most civil and military applications that need accuracy of navigation and is today invariably linked into systems including internet and is very widely used in military operations and surveys, intelligence and missile and weapon control and direction. Technological fantasies and programming possibilities abound in what GPS can do just like the internet which itself was a military innovation, has galloped and all such advances of technology in warfare are referred to as the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA).
The GPS system provides a novel, unique, and instantly available location for every square metre on the surface of the earth and new international standard for locations and distances, for system providers. Naval and military grids of positions can be pin pointed and the location of targets stored in operational plans including nuclear response linked to decision assist systems for use in an instant.
With GPS, the military has been given a technology of unbounded promise, but it needs noting the GPS system most commonly used is controlled by USA's Department of Defense, with a C/A transmission code with 15 metres accuracy and can be switched off or fiddled with to mislead some intended recepients.
The US military and its allies have access to the secure P code and the Wide Area Augmentation System (WASS) which is more accurate. The US operators can, at their will, introduce errors in satellites, just switch them off. That is why the Russians have gone in for the GLONASS system, where India is a partner. The Chinese have made the Biedou system regionally operational with ambitions of a larger Compass system and the EU has gone in for the Galileo.
India is not lagging.
Its major space programmes include the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS)-GAGAN and ship-borne internet communications linked system with an ISRO launched satellite that would fructify in the coming two years. The second programme will assist the Indian Navy become an advanced network centric warfare (NCW) capable war-fighting arm.
The IRNSS will be an autonomous regional GPS navigational system developed by ISRO under total control of the Indian Government since other GPS systems are not guaranteed in hostile situations. The government approved the project in May 2006, to be completed and implemented by 2012. A goal of complete Indian control has been articulated, with the space segment, ground segment and user receivers all being built in India with source codes.
It is unclear whether the Russian GLONASS will be linked to the IRNSS project or feed additional technical support to enable its completion.
The proposed IRNSS system consists of a constellation of seven satellites and a ground support segment. Three of the satellites in the constellation will be placed in geostationary orbit over the Indian Ocean located at an apogee of 24,000 km with atomic clocks and electronic equipment to generate the navigation signals.
The IRNSS signals will consist of a special positioning precision service being carried on L5 (1176.45 MHz) and S band (2492.08 MHz) and broadcast through a phased array antenna to maintain continuous coverage and signal strength. The satellites would weigh approximately 1,330 kg each and their solar panels will be capable of generating 1,400 watts, with 20 meters accuracy throughout India and extending further to 2000km.
The ground segment of IRNSS constellation would consist of a Master Control Center (MCC), ground stations to track and estimate the satellites' orbits and ensure the integrity of the network (IRIM), and additional ground stations to monitor the health of the satellites with the capability of issuing radio commands to the satellites. The control centre would estimate and predict the position of all IRNSS satellites, calculate integrity, make necessary ionospheric and clock corrections and run the navigation software. In pursuit of a highly independent system, an Indian standard time infrastructure would also be established by 2012.
THE GAGAN AIR NAVIGATION SYSTEM LINKED TO USA'S GPS
Gagan is being progressively installed at an estimated cost of Rs 774 crores (USD 163.516 million approximately). It is a Satellite Based System (SBAS) over the Indian air space being implemented by ISRO and the Airport Authority of India (AAI) with two down links for seamless navigation and control of air traffic, with Raytheon of USA as the contactor.
It will be linked globally with other systems like WAAS of USA, EGNOS of Europe and MSNAS of Japan.
Gagan involves development of indigenous technology in frontier areas with numerous benefits to the aviation sector and would enable aircraft to navigate on a straight path/ route instead of navigating in zig-zag path over land based stations.
This system would also provide coverage of oceanic areas, which is not possible by terrestrial systems; improve airport and airspace access in all weather conditions; enhance reliability and reduce delays; provide uniform and accurate navigation performance over the entire airspace; provide fuel efficient air corridors and provide CAT-I approach without ground element support.
Additionally the project would result in fuel savings/efficiency for airlines and enable higher air traffic within the limited airspace, and the military could use it for identification of aircraft and protection of India's air spaces.
INDIAN NAVY FROM LINK II TO INTERNET WITH ISRO'S MILTARY SATELLITE C4ISR
On 23rd September 2009, ISRO in a landmark event launched an ocean-monitoring satellite OCEANSAT 2 and six European nano satellites aboard a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) that lifted off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on India's Southeastern coast.
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in a statement congratulated the ISRO on the successful launch of OCEANSAT-2, which he said "will herald a new beginning in our understanding of the oceans". The ocean monitoring satellite was placed into its intended 720-kilometer sun synchronous polar orbit. The 1,000-kilogram satellite is the second in a series of ISRO remote sensing satellites dedicated to ocean research. It is dedicated to data collection that began with OCEANSAT-1 launched in 1999 and is nearing the end of its operational life.
A third satellite OCEANSAT-3 is planned for launch in 2012. OCEANSAT-2 is being used for weather tracking and forecasting and the identification of potential fishing zones, ocean condition forecasting, coastal zone studies and providing inputs for weather forecasting and climate studies. The Indian Navy has access to the data and bathymetric studies assist Anti Submarine Warfare among other military uses.
The Indian Navy has not been lacking in the field of its efforts to augment its C4ISR (concept of Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) capabilities.
The Navy has placed a futuristic order worth $ 2.1 billion for eight of the latest Boeing P-8I long range maritime reconnaissance 737s with the latest C4ISR equipment, which will roll out in 2011, and soon ISRO will launch a Navy dedicated communications satellite for which terminals are being installed on all ships to enterprise area wide network.
On 20th April 2009 ISRO launched RISAT-2, India's first synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite built by Israel, similar to Israel's TECSAR for imagery at sea and along the coast. RISAT-1 is being prepared for launch by ISRO along with newer OCEANSAT series.
In all this, the role of the Weapons Engineering Electronics Systems Establishment Weapons (WESEE) needs to be advertised as the unsung heroes in many technology endeavors of the Indian Navy. The latest and very significant is the Link II internet-based digital transmission system, making sure the Indian Navy stays ahead marching towards network centricity.
WESEE is the Navy's own in-house research and development agency which began as small unit under Ministry of Defence to harness technologies for improved communications and amalgamation of the Soviet weapon systems with Western supplied systems. WEESE was also assigned to assist in the Navy-wide communications network, mid-life upgrades of ships for fitment of new weapon systems on the platforms being refitted and constructed in India. These tasks began in earnest with the improved Leanders of the Vindhyagiri and Godavari class.
Thanks to WEESE in the field of communications and transmission of digital data the Indian Navy had already made advances by imbibing a lot from the US Navy in the eleven Malabar exercises it has taken part in, when the US CENTRIX M system for digital internet communications and protocols was provided to the participating ships.
The Indian Navy has always attempted to leap-frog by continual modernisation of its fleet to meet its tactical requirements in the Indian Ocean Region and has always upgraded its communications, command and control systems. With a WEESE led home made LINK 2 internet the Navy swiftly moved to become a net-enabled digital Navy, as a first step towards network-centricity.
The excellent pioneering work was accomplished by the Navy's young tech-savvy officers.
The Navy worked closely with Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL), Defence Research and Development Organisation and Tata Consultancy Ltd and a firm in Chennai which makes modems, to achieve high standards of operational network centricity. BEL made the Link II details public which is an internet modem-linked ARINC 249 protocol system for ships at sea.
So far, the Indian Navy was receiving low bit-rate transmission and reception on HF/VHF and INMARSAT commercial usage which has been very costly.
The Indian Navy and ISRO have announced that a military communications geo stationary satellite dedicated to the military will be launched soon over the Indian Ocean which will give the Indian Navy ships full internet secure digital transmission of data, intelligence, maps, situation reports and internet for social welfare of ship's crews in real time with better bit rate.
The exchange between ships and headquarters will be in real time, so essential when India enters the nuclear deterrence phase form the seas. The result will be that the Indian Navy will be marching towards full net centricity very soon.
The ship based dual offset Gregorian terminals in 45 inch radomes for transmission and reception are to be supplied by Orbit Technology Group of Israel and installed on the Indian Navy ships.
Orbit claims it has worldwide acceptance in the US, UK and Singapore. The UAV control radomes fitted in the Indian Navy ships INS Taragiri and Vindhyagiri in a revolutionary move are also supplied by the same company.
The internet terminals linked to the ships CIC computers, compass and other sensors will be able to cater for appropriate roll, pitch and yaw.
India's march towards modern, safe and secure global positioning, navigation and data transmission in the Indian Ocean has begun and India believes in cooperation with the littoral states and to provide facilities in the Indian Ocean Rim (IOR) countries.
LETHALFORCE
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Indian Military Satellite Program - a knol by Vijainder K Thakur
Indian Military Satellite Program
Israel's Tecsar satellite served as the baseline for ISRO's RISAT-2 satellite launched in 2009
Past Use of Satellite Imagery by Armed Forces
Indian Armed Forces have used imagery from ISRO civil satellites since the early 1990s.
Most civil satellites can be used for military purposes. Someone just has to analyze the data, which is a lot of grunt work. Most militaries use commercially available imagery from satellites. Western analysts have managed to keep track of Chinese missile and nuclear submarine deployment using Google Earth!
TES
Imagery from the TES satellite launched in 2001 using PSLV-C3 has been used by the Indian Military. The satellite provides sub 1m resolution in the visual spectrum.
RISAT-2
RISAT-2, launched in with an Israeli X-Band SAR has the most advanced surveillance capabilities amongst Indian satellites in orbit. The 300 kg can take 1 m resolution images at night and through clouds.
Dedicated Military Satellite Program
DRDO Chief Saraswat's announcement signals India's decision not to be coy about its military satellite program. The shift in policy probably stems from the knowledge that its military satellite program will not attract US sanctions against ISRO as would have happened in the past.
"We are looking at launching one or two satellites every year to fulfill the requirements of all three military formations," Saraswat said.
"Once these satellites are operational, we will be able to see troop movements along the borders," he added. "The key is high-resolution images with precision.
"The army, the navy and the air force have varied requirements, and it won't be appropriate to give the numbers.
"Data and commands can be sent through these satellites to cruise missiles."
The satellites will be developed and launched by ISRO based on requirements projected by the armed forces.
Communication-Centric Intelligence Satellite (CCI-Sat)
The satellite is being developed with a budget of Rs 100 crore by theDefense Electronics Research Laboratory (DLRL) under the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO).
The existence of the project was revealed on Tuesday, February 2010 by DLRL director G. Bhoopathy.
"We are in the process of designing and developing a spacecraft fitted with an intelligent sensor that will pick up conversations and communications across the borders," he told reporters in Bangalore before the start of the first international conference on electronic warfare (EWCI 2010).
The satellite will feature a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and be used for imaging and communication. It will be capable of detecting conversations and espionage activities in the region.
"The satellite will orbit Earth at 500 km. and cover hostile regions in the area by passing on surveillance data to intelligence agencies," G. Bhoopathy, DRDL director told AW&ST in November 2010.
The satellite will be launched in the lower earth orbit — about 500 km above the earth — on board the polar satellite launch vehicle (PSLV).
The satellite, which will be operational by 2014, will also serve as a test bed for anti-satellite weapon development.
Navy Satellite
A dedicated satellite to facilitating Naval communication and network centric warfare will be launched into geostationary orbit by ISRO in 2010, Indian Defense Minister, AK Antony announced during Senior Naval Officers Conference in New Delhi on October 22, 2009.
The satellite will facilitate networking of IN warships, submarines and aircraft among themselves as well as with operational centres ashore through high-speed data-links, allowing Maritime threats to be detected and shared in real-time to ensure swift reaction.
The multi-band satellite will weigh 2,330 kg. (5,137 lb.),
The satellite will provide coverage over a 600 x 1,000 nm area of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), which India considers to be its primary area of responsibility in terms of maritime security.
The project cost is Rs 950 crore.
IAF Satellite
The first dedicated IAF satellite is scheduled for launch in FY 2011-12, after the Navy satellite scheduled for launch in FY 2010-11.
The satellite was initially scheduled to be launched in July 2009, according to a PTI report on November 18, 2008. In early January 2009, the IAF Chief said the IAF satellite will be launched in 2010.
According to IAF Chief Fali H. Major, the satellite will serve as the air force's eye in the skies. It will link up the six AWACS that the IAF is acquiring with each other as well as other ground and airbased radars.
Indian Military Satellite Program
Israel's Tecsar satellite served as the baseline for ISRO's RISAT-2 satellite launched in 2009
Past Use of Satellite Imagery by Armed Forces
Indian Armed Forces have used imagery from ISRO civil satellites since the early 1990s.
Most civil satellites can be used for military purposes. Someone just has to analyze the data, which is a lot of grunt work. Most militaries use commercially available imagery from satellites. Western analysts have managed to keep track of Chinese missile and nuclear submarine deployment using Google Earth!
TES
Imagery from the TES satellite launched in 2001 using PSLV-C3 has been used by the Indian Military. The satellite provides sub 1m resolution in the visual spectrum.
RISAT-2
RISAT-2, launched in with an Israeli X-Band SAR has the most advanced surveillance capabilities amongst Indian satellites in orbit. The 300 kg can take 1 m resolution images at night and through clouds.
Dedicated Military Satellite Program
DRDO Chief Saraswat's announcement signals India's decision not to be coy about its military satellite program. The shift in policy probably stems from the knowledge that its military satellite program will not attract US sanctions against ISRO as would have happened in the past.
"We are looking at launching one or two satellites every year to fulfill the requirements of all three military formations," Saraswat said.
"Once these satellites are operational, we will be able to see troop movements along the borders," he added. "The key is high-resolution images with precision.
"The army, the navy and the air force have varied requirements, and it won't be appropriate to give the numbers.
"Data and commands can be sent through these satellites to cruise missiles."
The satellites will be developed and launched by ISRO based on requirements projected by the armed forces.
Communication-Centric Intelligence Satellite (CCI-Sat)
The satellite is being developed with a budget of Rs 100 crore by theDefense Electronics Research Laboratory (DLRL) under the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO).
The existence of the project was revealed on Tuesday, February 2010 by DLRL director G. Bhoopathy.
"We are in the process of designing and developing a spacecraft fitted with an intelligent sensor that will pick up conversations and communications across the borders," he told reporters in Bangalore before the start of the first international conference on electronic warfare (EWCI 2010).
The satellite will feature a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and be used for imaging and communication. It will be capable of detecting conversations and espionage activities in the region.
"The satellite will orbit Earth at 500 km. and cover hostile regions in the area by passing on surveillance data to intelligence agencies," G. Bhoopathy, DRDL director told AW&ST in November 2010.
The satellite will be launched in the lower earth orbit — about 500 km above the earth — on board the polar satellite launch vehicle (PSLV).
The satellite, which will be operational by 2014, will also serve as a test bed for anti-satellite weapon development.
Navy Satellite
A dedicated satellite to facilitating Naval communication and network centric warfare will be launched into geostationary orbit by ISRO in 2010, Indian Defense Minister, AK Antony announced during Senior Naval Officers Conference in New Delhi on October 22, 2009.
The satellite will facilitate networking of IN warships, submarines and aircraft among themselves as well as with operational centres ashore through high-speed data-links, allowing Maritime threats to be detected and shared in real-time to ensure swift reaction.
The multi-band satellite will weigh 2,330 kg. (5,137 lb.),
The satellite will provide coverage over a 600 x 1,000 nm area of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), which India considers to be its primary area of responsibility in terms of maritime security.
The project cost is Rs 950 crore.
IAF Satellite
The first dedicated IAF satellite is scheduled for launch in FY 2011-12, after the Navy satellite scheduled for launch in FY 2010-11.
The satellite was initially scheduled to be launched in July 2009, according to a PTI report on November 18, 2008. In early January 2009, the IAF Chief said the IAF satellite will be launched in 2010.
According to IAF Chief Fali H. Major, the satellite will serve as the air force's eye in the skies. It will link up the six AWACS that the IAF is acquiring with each other as well as other ground and airbased radars.
LETHALFORCE
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India Aims High With Satellite Technology | AVIATION WEEK
India Aims High With Satellite Technology
India is becoming a power in satellite development and a significant player in the use of space for military as well as civil needs.
A number of Indian-built military satellites with surveillance, imaging and navigation capabilities are planned for launch in the next few years, to both keep "a watch on the neighborhood and help guide cruise missiles" should the need emerge, says V. K. Saraswat, scientific adviser to the defense minister. "[The satellites] will have tremendous applications."
Saraswat's statement confirms that India is becoming a space power. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), however, refuses to comment about military satellites, saying its space program is for civilian purposes only. This position has its origins in the fact that some of its programs were stymied when the U.S. imposed trade sanctions against India in 1992 for missile proliferation. Some sanctions remain, and the U.S and India, despite talk of trust and confidence, have yet to sign the Joint Space Cooperation pact.
Nevertheless, Saraswat confirms that a "roadmap [for development of military satellites] has been given to the ISRO," and India has launched satellites under this program. "Defense satellites are locally built and launched from home soil given the security sensitivity," he says. "The army, navy and air force have their requirements, and it's not appropriate to say how many satellites each requires, due to security considerations."
According to a Defense Ministry official, ISRO will launch the first dedicated military surveillance satellite, for the navy, late this year or in 2011. The multi-band satellite will weigh 2,330 kg. (5,137 lb.), be lofted into a geostationary orbit 1,000 nm. above the Indian Ocean, and network warships, submarines, aircraft and land-based operation centers through high-speed data links. Coverage will be 600-1,000 nm. "Maritime threats can then be detected and shared in real time to ensure swift action," a naval officer says. The projected cost of the satellite is $212 million.
A new aerospace command is standing up that will provide a space-based military capability for monitoring a vast region, from the Strait of Hormuz in the west to the Strait of Malacca in the east, and from China in the north to the Indian Ocean in the south.
Many observers say the military is not ready to handle such a capability. "The space command should be consistent with a strategic aim. We should not venture into it until we cross the threshold of a critical mass, as we are still immature and training is not enough," a senior military official says.
It will be some time, of course, before the fledgling aerospace command rivals similar commands of more experienced militaries, such as the U.S. It will, however, oversee surveillance, tracking, early warning and related areas, according to a representative of the Indian Defense Strategic Studies think tank. While initially the air force was to head the command, the three forces will jointly manage it.
India has been launching dual-use—military and civil—satellites for a while. One satellite with military uses, but not acknowledged as such by ISRO, was the Earth Observation Technology Experiment Satellite, with 1-meter (3.2-ft.) resolution, weighing 1,108 kg., and put into orbit from Sriharikota Range in 2001 by the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. Cameras in the remote sensing satellite mapped terrain across the northern border of India for possible deployment of troops and weapons.
When Cartosat-2A, the 13th Indian Remote Sensing Satellite, also known to be a military satellite, was launched in 2008, then-ISRO Chairman Madhavan Nair told DTI that the military was just "a launch customer." Cartosat-2A is a rugged satellite that provides scene-specific spot imagery for cartography and the armed forces. It carries a panchromatic camera with spatial resolution better than 1 meter and covers a swath of 9.6 km. "Imagery from this satellite is used for applications such as mapping, urban and rural infrastructure development, and land management," says ISRO.
The latest incarnation, Cartosat-2B, launched in July by the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, has spatial resolution of 2 meters and covers a swath of 30 km. per camera.
In other satellite developments, ISRO launched Oceansat 2 in September for weather tracking and forecasting, identification of fishing zones and coastal zone studies. Its data is also accessible by the navy for bathymetric studies and antisubmarine warfare. Oceansat-3 is slated for launch in 2012.
Immediately following the Mumbai attacks of December 2008, ISRO launched Risat-2, which it hurriedly bought off-the-shelf from Israel Aerospace Industries for use by the National Technical Research Organization (NTRO), as part of the fast-track procurement of critical hardware for strategic deterrence. NTRO is India's version of the U.S. National Space Agency. It controls the satellite with the military, especially the navy. Risat-2 is India's first satellite with synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which provides night and all-weather surveillance. ISRO hailed the satellite's "capability for disaster management."
The indigenous $25-million Communication-Centric Intelligence Satellite (CCI-Sat), being developed by the Defense Electronics and Research Laboratory under the Defense Research and Development Organization, will be operational by 2014. It will reportedly be a test bed for antisatellite weapon technology. CCI-Sat, which also has SAR, has imaging and communication functions besides surveillance. "The satellite will orbit Earth at 500 km. and cover hostile regions in the area by passing on surveillance data to intelligence agencies," says G. Bhoopathy, director of the Defense Electronics Research Laboratory.
The civil and military need for a national GPS and related applications is also affecting India's space program. A pact with Russia on its Global Navigation Satellite System (Glonass) satellites would mean easy access to the constellation. One transponder could operate on a military communication frequency to support the air force network.
ISRO has planned an Indian Regional Navigational Satellite GPS System (IRNSS) of seven satellites. The constellation and ground support will be operational by 2014. Three satellites will be in geostationary orbit (34, 83 and 132 deg. E. Long.) over the Indian Ocean. Missile targeting could be an important military application for the constellation. The IRNSS will provide a standard positioning service and a restricted service, one in the L5 band and the other in S-band. It is also likely that the IRNSS by next year could be integrated into the Russian Navigation Information System-Glonass system for hybrid applications.
"The IRNSS system provides the dual-frequency user with targeted position accuracy of less than 20 meters in the coverage area," says N. Suryanarayana Rao, ISRO project director.
Simultaneously, Navigation Information Systems (NIS)-Glonass will market, manufacture and jointly propose products in India that draw upon the Russian satellite navigation system.
The multifunctional NIS-Glonass/GPS user telematic terminal, Cyber GLX, is installed on mobile objects and is part of a transport monitoring and fleet management system. It is the first telematic terminal in Russia that simultaneously receives and processes signals from two navigation systems—Glonass and GPS.
NIS-Glonass recently signed a memorandum of understanding with HBL Power Systems of India to promote its Intelligent Transport System (ITS) for police and rail use. ITS manages automated traffic control, optimization of routes and emergency response.
NIS-Glonass is expected to sign an agreement with Antrix Corp., the marketing arm of ISRO, for navigation and integration of IRNSS into Glonass solutions.
Opportunities would be abundant in India, with 100 cities planning to evaluate ITS in the next 8-10 years. Pune, Kolkata and Chennai have ongoing projects. Mysore and Surat are looking at the system, while New Delhi recently floated a bid for traffic management. The NIS-Glonass system will provide automation for staff control of vehicles in normal and emergency situations; supply personnel with data on vehicle location for decision-making; and display data on vehicle position and other needs on a dispatcher's monitor. It will also create and store data archives on vehicle routes and interact with other systems, an official says.
India Aims High With Satellite Technology
India is becoming a power in satellite development and a significant player in the use of space for military as well as civil needs.
A number of Indian-built military satellites with surveillance, imaging and navigation capabilities are planned for launch in the next few years, to both keep "a watch on the neighborhood and help guide cruise missiles" should the need emerge, says V. K. Saraswat, scientific adviser to the defense minister. "[The satellites] will have tremendous applications."
Saraswat's statement confirms that India is becoming a space power. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), however, refuses to comment about military satellites, saying its space program is for civilian purposes only. This position has its origins in the fact that some of its programs were stymied when the U.S. imposed trade sanctions against India in 1992 for missile proliferation. Some sanctions remain, and the U.S and India, despite talk of trust and confidence, have yet to sign the Joint Space Cooperation pact.
Nevertheless, Saraswat confirms that a "roadmap [for development of military satellites] has been given to the ISRO," and India has launched satellites under this program. "Defense satellites are locally built and launched from home soil given the security sensitivity," he says. "The army, navy and air force have their requirements, and it's not appropriate to say how many satellites each requires, due to security considerations."
According to a Defense Ministry official, ISRO will launch the first dedicated military surveillance satellite, for the navy, late this year or in 2011. The multi-band satellite will weigh 2,330 kg. (5,137 lb.), be lofted into a geostationary orbit 1,000 nm. above the Indian Ocean, and network warships, submarines, aircraft and land-based operation centers through high-speed data links. Coverage will be 600-1,000 nm. "Maritime threats can then be detected and shared in real time to ensure swift action," a naval officer says. The projected cost of the satellite is $212 million.
A new aerospace command is standing up that will provide a space-based military capability for monitoring a vast region, from the Strait of Hormuz in the west to the Strait of Malacca in the east, and from China in the north to the Indian Ocean in the south.
Many observers say the military is not ready to handle such a capability. "The space command should be consistent with a strategic aim. We should not venture into it until we cross the threshold of a critical mass, as we are still immature and training is not enough," a senior military official says.
It will be some time, of course, before the fledgling aerospace command rivals similar commands of more experienced militaries, such as the U.S. It will, however, oversee surveillance, tracking, early warning and related areas, according to a representative of the Indian Defense Strategic Studies think tank. While initially the air force was to head the command, the three forces will jointly manage it.
India has been launching dual-use—military and civil—satellites for a while. One satellite with military uses, but not acknowledged as such by ISRO, was the Earth Observation Technology Experiment Satellite, with 1-meter (3.2-ft.) resolution, weighing 1,108 kg., and put into orbit from Sriharikota Range in 2001 by the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. Cameras in the remote sensing satellite mapped terrain across the northern border of India for possible deployment of troops and weapons.
When Cartosat-2A, the 13th Indian Remote Sensing Satellite, also known to be a military satellite, was launched in 2008, then-ISRO Chairman Madhavan Nair told DTI that the military was just "a launch customer." Cartosat-2A is a rugged satellite that provides scene-specific spot imagery for cartography and the armed forces. It carries a panchromatic camera with spatial resolution better than 1 meter and covers a swath of 9.6 km. "Imagery from this satellite is used for applications such as mapping, urban and rural infrastructure development, and land management," says ISRO.
The latest incarnation, Cartosat-2B, launched in July by the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, has spatial resolution of 2 meters and covers a swath of 30 km. per camera.
In other satellite developments, ISRO launched Oceansat 2 in September for weather tracking and forecasting, identification of fishing zones and coastal zone studies. Its data is also accessible by the navy for bathymetric studies and antisubmarine warfare. Oceansat-3 is slated for launch in 2012.
Immediately following the Mumbai attacks of December 2008, ISRO launched Risat-2, which it hurriedly bought off-the-shelf from Israel Aerospace Industries for use by the National Technical Research Organization (NTRO), as part of the fast-track procurement of critical hardware for strategic deterrence. NTRO is India's version of the U.S. National Space Agency. It controls the satellite with the military, especially the navy. Risat-2 is India's first satellite with synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which provides night and all-weather surveillance. ISRO hailed the satellite's "capability for disaster management."
The indigenous $25-million Communication-Centric Intelligence Satellite (CCI-Sat), being developed by the Defense Electronics and Research Laboratory under the Defense Research and Development Organization, will be operational by 2014. It will reportedly be a test bed for antisatellite weapon technology. CCI-Sat, which also has SAR, has imaging and communication functions besides surveillance. "The satellite will orbit Earth at 500 km. and cover hostile regions in the area by passing on surveillance data to intelligence agencies," says G. Bhoopathy, director of the Defense Electronics Research Laboratory.
The civil and military need for a national GPS and related applications is also affecting India's space program. A pact with Russia on its Global Navigation Satellite System (Glonass) satellites would mean easy access to the constellation. One transponder could operate on a military communication frequency to support the air force network.
ISRO has planned an Indian Regional Navigational Satellite GPS System (IRNSS) of seven satellites. The constellation and ground support will be operational by 2014. Three satellites will be in geostationary orbit (34, 83 and 132 deg. E. Long.) over the Indian Ocean. Missile targeting could be an important military application for the constellation. The IRNSS will provide a standard positioning service and a restricted service, one in the L5 band and the other in S-band. It is also likely that the IRNSS by next year could be integrated into the Russian Navigation Information System-Glonass system for hybrid applications.
"The IRNSS system provides the dual-frequency user with targeted position accuracy of less than 20 meters in the coverage area," says N. Suryanarayana Rao, ISRO project director.
Simultaneously, Navigation Information Systems (NIS)-Glonass will market, manufacture and jointly propose products in India that draw upon the Russian satellite navigation system.
The multifunctional NIS-Glonass/GPS user telematic terminal, Cyber GLX, is installed on mobile objects and is part of a transport monitoring and fleet management system. It is the first telematic terminal in Russia that simultaneously receives and processes signals from two navigation systems—Glonass and GPS.
NIS-Glonass recently signed a memorandum of understanding with HBL Power Systems of India to promote its Intelligent Transport System (ITS) for police and rail use. ITS manages automated traffic control, optimization of routes and emergency response.
NIS-Glonass is expected to sign an agreement with Antrix Corp., the marketing arm of ISRO, for navigation and integration of IRNSS into Glonass solutions.
Opportunities would be abundant in India, with 100 cities planning to evaluate ITS in the next 8-10 years. Pune, Kolkata and Chennai have ongoing projects. Mysore and Surat are looking at the system, while New Delhi recently floated a bid for traffic management. The NIS-Glonass system will provide automation for staff control of vehicles in normal and emergency situations; supply personnel with data on vehicle location for decision-making; and display data on vehicle position and other needs on a dispatcher's monitor. It will also create and store data archives on vehicle routes and interact with other systems, an official says.
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STSS Demonstrator Satellites Track Short-Range, Air-Launched Rocket
STSS Demonstrator Satellites Track Short-Range, Air-Launched Rocket
The Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS) demonstration satellites successfully acquired and tracked a short-range, air-launched target (SRALT) July 8 in a test that showed their ability to track dim objects that have extremely short flight timelines.
The satellites were built by Northrop Grumman Corporation, prime contractor, and Raytheon Company, sensor payload provider, for the U.S. Missile Defense Agency (MDA). The exercise verified target capabilities and did not involve an intercept attempt.
"Air-launched targets have a wide variety of trajectories. There's nothing predictable about their flights. The STSS demonstrators successfully tracked this target and collected key data about test conditions and the dynamics of air-launched targets that will be valuable for MDA's predictive capability," said Doug Young, vice president of missile defense and missile warning programs for Northrop Grumman's Aerospace Systems sector.
One single-stage, solid-fueled rocket was drop-launched from the rear of a C-17 cargo aircraft by MDA over the Pacific Ocean Test Range near San Nicolas Island off the Central California coast. The SRALT was selected as a target because it closely replicates realistic engagement scenarios.
"This was the first time the STSS sensors have been tested against air-launched targets, and they performed flawlessly," said Bill Hart, vice president, Raytheon Space Systems. "Against such short-range targets, split seconds count. That's why a near-immediate reaction system like STSS is so important to our national defense."
Plans call for the STSS satellites to continue on-orbit testing by participating in a series of performance demonstration tests with ground, airborne, resident space objects and ballistic missile targets to reduce the risk of an operational constellation of space-based sensors for missile defense.
According to MDA, the additional flight tests will demonstrate the ability to track various targets, providing critical demonstrator performance characterization while progressing towards closing the fire control loop with Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) interceptors using space-based infrared tracking.
MDA is operating STSS as an experimental space layer of the BMDS. Using sensors capable of detecting visible and infrared light, the STSS satellite constellation is part of a collection of land-, sea-, air- and space-based BMDS sensors. They are gathering critical engagement conditions and empirical measurement event data, among other missions.
Satellite capability has reached a point where rockets can be tracked.
STSS Demonstrator Satellites Track Short-Range, Air-Launched Rocket
The Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS) demonstration satellites successfully acquired and tracked a short-range, air-launched target (SRALT) July 8 in a test that showed their ability to track dim objects that have extremely short flight timelines.
The satellites were built by Northrop Grumman Corporation, prime contractor, and Raytheon Company, sensor payload provider, for the U.S. Missile Defense Agency (MDA). The exercise verified target capabilities and did not involve an intercept attempt.
"Air-launched targets have a wide variety of trajectories. There's nothing predictable about their flights. The STSS demonstrators successfully tracked this target and collected key data about test conditions and the dynamics of air-launched targets that will be valuable for MDA's predictive capability," said Doug Young, vice president of missile defense and missile warning programs for Northrop Grumman's Aerospace Systems sector.
One single-stage, solid-fueled rocket was drop-launched from the rear of a C-17 cargo aircraft by MDA over the Pacific Ocean Test Range near San Nicolas Island off the Central California coast. The SRALT was selected as a target because it closely replicates realistic engagement scenarios.
"This was the first time the STSS sensors have been tested against air-launched targets, and they performed flawlessly," said Bill Hart, vice president, Raytheon Space Systems. "Against such short-range targets, split seconds count. That's why a near-immediate reaction system like STSS is so important to our national defense."
Plans call for the STSS satellites to continue on-orbit testing by participating in a series of performance demonstration tests with ground, airborne, resident space objects and ballistic missile targets to reduce the risk of an operational constellation of space-based sensors for missile defense.
According to MDA, the additional flight tests will demonstrate the ability to track various targets, providing critical demonstrator performance characterization while progressing towards closing the fire control loop with Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) interceptors using space-based infrared tracking.
MDA is operating STSS as an experimental space layer of the BMDS. Using sensors capable of detecting visible and infrared light, the STSS satellite constellation is part of a collection of land-, sea-, air- and space-based BMDS sensors. They are gathering critical engagement conditions and empirical measurement event data, among other missions.
Satellite capability has reached a point where rockets can be tracked.
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ISRO to build new class of powerful communication satellites - Times Of India
ISRO to build new class of powerful communication satellites
ISRO to build new class of powerful communication satellites
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The Hindu : News / National : India to have one more satellite launch site
India to have one more satellite launch site
India to have one more satellite launch site
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Brazil wants Indian satellites to monitor Amazon - BusinessWeek
Brazil wants Indian satellites to monitor Amazon
Brazil is negotiating to use satellites from India to improve the monitoring of deforestation in the Amazon rain forest.
A member of Brazil's National Institute for Space Research says a satellite recently launched by the Indian government could vastly increase Brazil's ability to combat deforestation in the region.
Luis Maurano says the IRS-6 satellite would allow authorities to locate deforested areas much faster than with the satellites currently used.
Maurano said Tuesday that the negotiation with India is complicated but was confident an agreement could be reached.
If not, Brazil will have to wait until the launch of a satellite in partnership with China at the end of 2012.
Brazil wants Indian satellites to monitor Amazon
Brazil is negotiating to use satellites from India to improve the monitoring of deforestation in the Amazon rain forest.
A member of Brazil's National Institute for Space Research says a satellite recently launched by the Indian government could vastly increase Brazil's ability to combat deforestation in the region.
Luis Maurano says the IRS-6 satellite would allow authorities to locate deforested areas much faster than with the satellites currently used.
Maurano said Tuesday that the negotiation with India is complicated but was confident an agreement could be reached.
If not, Brazil will have to wait until the launch of a satellite in partnership with China at the end of 2012.
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NEW DELHI, Feb. 16 (UPI) -- Bent on boosting its military intelligence, India is set to develop a new, cutting-edge surveillance satellite.
The spy craft, called the Communication Centric Intelligence Satellite is expected to be launched into orbit in 2014, keeping a close watch on hot spots in the troubled neighborhood.
CCI-Sat is part of a high-priority plan to develop electronic warfare systems for India's army, navy and air force, G Boopathy, director of the Defense Electronic Research Laboratory, was quoted telling local media.
The laboratory is developing the $25 million satellite and Boopathy said the project was still in its initial phases of planning.
"The focus now, is space; we have to equip ourselves for electronic warfare from space, too," he said.
Beyond surveillance, CCI-Sat is capable of picking up images, even conversations, between satellite phones.
The satellite is expected to orbit Earth at an altitude of 300 miles and keep watch on hostile regions in India's region by passing on surveillance data to intelligence command-and-control centers.
The Hindu newspaper reported the satellite will be fitted with electronic sensors that are more powerful than the Indian Space Research Organization's remote-sensing satellites.
It said the electronic warfare sensor would be "located on on the mountain range facing Pakistan, China, Nepal and the northeast part of the country, to detect troop or vehicular movement across the borders."
Only a select number of countries, including the United States, France and China, are using such electronic spy satellites.
While the payload will be built by India's Defense Electronic Research Laboratory, the satellite's design and development will be made by the country's space research organization.
India is poised to put an other two military Cartosat-2B satellites in orbit in the coming months. Both will also be used for military purposes.
Last year, India launched its generic RISAT-2 military satellite, which is keeping a high-resolution eye on the country's borders and coastline to watch for terrorist infiltration, Defense News reported.
Meantime, the director of Defense Avionics Research Establishment revealed that new electronic warfare technology has been developed for light aircraft and that the system was set to be tested imminently.
Defense scientists told local media that India was focusing research on technologies to intercept and jam satellite phone networks.
"That project is going on," an unnamed official was quoted as saying. "Within a year, it will be ready."
Among other developments, officials said a "penetration aid," that allows Indian military aircraft to penetrate enemy territory without being identified by surrounding radar.
Read more: http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Se...y-developed/UPI-75991266332411/#ixzz1icCf3u4k
The spy craft, called the Communication Centric Intelligence Satellite is expected to be launched into orbit in 2014, keeping a close watch on hot spots in the troubled neighborhood.
CCI-Sat is part of a high-priority plan to develop electronic warfare systems for India's army, navy and air force, G Boopathy, director of the Defense Electronic Research Laboratory, was quoted telling local media.
The laboratory is developing the $25 million satellite and Boopathy said the project was still in its initial phases of planning.
"The focus now, is space; we have to equip ourselves for electronic warfare from space, too," he said.
Beyond surveillance, CCI-Sat is capable of picking up images, even conversations, between satellite phones.
The satellite is expected to orbit Earth at an altitude of 300 miles and keep watch on hostile regions in India's region by passing on surveillance data to intelligence command-and-control centers.
The Hindu newspaper reported the satellite will be fitted with electronic sensors that are more powerful than the Indian Space Research Organization's remote-sensing satellites.
It said the electronic warfare sensor would be "located on on the mountain range facing Pakistan, China, Nepal and the northeast part of the country, to detect troop or vehicular movement across the borders."
Only a select number of countries, including the United States, France and China, are using such electronic spy satellites.
While the payload will be built by India's Defense Electronic Research Laboratory, the satellite's design and development will be made by the country's space research organization.
India is poised to put an other two military Cartosat-2B satellites in orbit in the coming months. Both will also be used for military purposes.
Last year, India launched its generic RISAT-2 military satellite, which is keeping a high-resolution eye on the country's borders and coastline to watch for terrorist infiltration, Defense News reported.
Meantime, the director of Defense Avionics Research Establishment revealed that new electronic warfare technology has been developed for light aircraft and that the system was set to be tested imminently.
Defense scientists told local media that India was focusing research on technologies to intercept and jam satellite phone networks.
"That project is going on," an unnamed official was quoted as saying. "Within a year, it will be ready."
Among other developments, officials said a "penetration aid," that allows Indian military aircraft to penetrate enemy territory without being identified by surrounding radar.
Read more: http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Se...y-developed/UPI-75991266332411/#ixzz1icCf3u4k
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.
Which sat is this???
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risat 2 SAR made by Israelis same as TECSAR.
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India ready with all-weather imaging satellite: ISRO
India ready with all-weather imaging satellite
Bangalore: India is set to launch an indigenous satellite with the "unique" capability to capture images in all-weather conditions that will facilitate agriculture and disaster management, ISRO said today.
India currently depends on images from a Canadian satellite as domestic remote sensing spacecraft cannot take pictures of the ground during cloud cover.
After nearly 10 years of effort, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has developed -- with a lot of participation from Indian industries -- a microwave satellite that has the unique capability of imaging during day and night and in all weather conditions, it said.
"This (Radar Imaging Satellite or RISAT-1) is about 1,850 kg. So, this will be heaviest satellite lifted by a PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle)," ISRO Chairman K Radhakrishnan said.
"It's most likely to be launched on April 26 at 5.45 am," he said. "It has taken about 10 years of efforts in developing this (RISAT-1)". The approved cost of RISAT-1, including its development, is Rs 378 crore, while Rs 120 crore has been spent to build the rocket (PSLV-C19), making it a Rs 498-crore mission.
RISAT-1 is a "complex satellite", Radhakrishnan said.
The satellite would be particularly useful in Kharif season when cloud-covered atmosphere is frequent. Images taken from the spacecraft of agricultural crops would enable planners with regard to production estimation and forecast, the space agency said.
During floods, aerial pictures would give a clear idea on the affected region and water level. In addition, this satellite can even "penetrate" the ground and throw light on soil moisture up to a few centimeters, Radhakrishnan said.
RISAT-1 would be launched into a 536-km orbit by PSLV, which is India's workhorse rocket.
The satellite carries a C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) payload, operating in a multi-polarisation and multi-resolution mode to provide images with coarse, fine and high spatial resolutions.
Radhakrishnan said ISRO had built two SARs in the past but these had been flown on aircraft.
India ready with all-weather imaging satellite
Bangalore: India is set to launch an indigenous satellite with the "unique" capability to capture images in all-weather conditions that will facilitate agriculture and disaster management, ISRO said today.
India currently depends on images from a Canadian satellite as domestic remote sensing spacecraft cannot take pictures of the ground during cloud cover.
After nearly 10 years of effort, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has developed -- with a lot of participation from Indian industries -- a microwave satellite that has the unique capability of imaging during day and night and in all weather conditions, it said.
"This (Radar Imaging Satellite or RISAT-1) is about 1,850 kg. So, this will be heaviest satellite lifted by a PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle)," ISRO Chairman K Radhakrishnan said.
"It's most likely to be launched on April 26 at 5.45 am," he said. "It has taken about 10 years of efforts in developing this (RISAT-1)". The approved cost of RISAT-1, including its development, is Rs 378 crore, while Rs 120 crore has been spent to build the rocket (PSLV-C19), making it a Rs 498-crore mission.
RISAT-1 is a "complex satellite", Radhakrishnan said.
The satellite would be particularly useful in Kharif season when cloud-covered atmosphere is frequent. Images taken from the spacecraft of agricultural crops would enable planners with regard to production estimation and forecast, the space agency said.
During floods, aerial pictures would give a clear idea on the affected region and water level. In addition, this satellite can even "penetrate" the ground and throw light on soil moisture up to a few centimeters, Radhakrishnan said.
RISAT-1 would be launched into a 536-km orbit by PSLV, which is India's workhorse rocket.
The satellite carries a C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) payload, operating in a multi-polarisation and multi-resolution mode to provide images with coarse, fine and high spatial resolutions.
Radhakrishnan said ISRO had built two SARs in the past but these had been flown on aircraft.
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New ISRO centre to control spy satellite launch
New ISRO centre to control spy satellite launch
The Indian rocket that will carry the 1,850 kg indigenous surveillance satellite - Radar Imaging Satellite (Risat-1) - to the skies this month will be controlled by the new mission control centre at Sriharikota, said a senior official of Indian space agency ISRO.
"The second mission control centre was inaugurated by President Pratibha Patil this January. The forthcoming rocket launch would be controlled and monitored from the new mission control centre. The rocket will fly off the first launch pad," S. Satish, director (publications and public relations), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), told IANS.
ISRO has its rocket port at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh around 80 km from here.
A senior ISRO official not wanting to be named told IANS: "The new mission control centre is modern and has larger area to accommodate more space scientists, officials, VIPs and others."
ISRO officials told IANS that the rocket Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) carrying remote sensing satellite Risat-1 is slated for launch from April 25-30.
"The exact launch date depends on the readiness of the rocket and satellite systems. Normally it will take 12-14 days for the rocket launch after carrying out all the tests," an ISRO official told IANS.
ISRO officials told IANS that Risat-1 systems are being checked at Sriharikota and it will be mated with the rocket later.
Once the satellite is loaded on to the rocket, the entire rocket systems would again be tested.
The PSLV rocket is in a fully assembled condition and is waiting for Risat-1, the heaviest microwave remote sensing satellite to be built by India. The satellite has all weather, day and night imaging capability.
The satellite would be used for disaster prediction and agriculture forestry, and the high resolution pictures and microwave imaging could also be used for defence purposes.
The satellite's synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can acquire data at C-band. In 2009, ISRO had launched 300 kg Risat-2 with Israeli built SAR enabling earth observation in all weather, day and night conditions.
Remote sensing satellites send back pictures and other data for use. India has the largest constellation of remote sensing satellites in the world providing imagery in a variety of spatial resolutions, from more than a metre ranging up to 500 metres, and is a major player in vending such data in the global market.
According to ISRO officials, the rocket that would sling Risat-1 would be PSLV's upgraded variant called PSLV-XL.
The rocket would weigh around 320 tonnes at lift-off and would be the third such expendable rocket to be sent up by ISRO.
New ISRO centre to control spy satellite launch
The Indian rocket that will carry the 1,850 kg indigenous surveillance satellite - Radar Imaging Satellite (Risat-1) - to the skies this month will be controlled by the new mission control centre at Sriharikota, said a senior official of Indian space agency ISRO.
"The second mission control centre was inaugurated by President Pratibha Patil this January. The forthcoming rocket launch would be controlled and monitored from the new mission control centre. The rocket will fly off the first launch pad," S. Satish, director (publications and public relations), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), told IANS.
ISRO has its rocket port at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh around 80 km from here.
A senior ISRO official not wanting to be named told IANS: "The new mission control centre is modern and has larger area to accommodate more space scientists, officials, VIPs and others."
ISRO officials told IANS that the rocket Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) carrying remote sensing satellite Risat-1 is slated for launch from April 25-30.
"The exact launch date depends on the readiness of the rocket and satellite systems. Normally it will take 12-14 days for the rocket launch after carrying out all the tests," an ISRO official told IANS.
ISRO officials told IANS that Risat-1 systems are being checked at Sriharikota and it will be mated with the rocket later.
Once the satellite is loaded on to the rocket, the entire rocket systems would again be tested.
The PSLV rocket is in a fully assembled condition and is waiting for Risat-1, the heaviest microwave remote sensing satellite to be built by India. The satellite has all weather, day and night imaging capability.
The satellite would be used for disaster prediction and agriculture forestry, and the high resolution pictures and microwave imaging could also be used for defence purposes.
The satellite's synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can acquire data at C-band. In 2009, ISRO had launched 300 kg Risat-2 with Israeli built SAR enabling earth observation in all weather, day and night conditions.
Remote sensing satellites send back pictures and other data for use. India has the largest constellation of remote sensing satellites in the world providing imagery in a variety of spatial resolutions, from more than a metre ranging up to 500 metres, and is a major player in vending such data in the global market.
According to ISRO officials, the rocket that would sling Risat-1 would be PSLV's upgraded variant called PSLV-XL.
The rocket would weigh around 320 tonnes at lift-off and would be the third such expendable rocket to be sent up by ISRO.
LETHALFORCE
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India has atleast 3 and intelligence sharing with atleast 2 other countries currently.
