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Won't disclose, but just keep in your mind that I'm not more than worth of a professor or mere an instructor to new students.:biggrin2:hey what department do you work for ?
Won't disclose, but just keep in your mind that I'm not more than worth of a professor or mere an instructor to new students.:biggrin2:hey what department do you work for ?
BENGALURU: Indian Space Research Organisation and French Space agency (CNES) today signed a partnership agreement in satellite launch technology.
The agreement was signed between ISRO Chairman Kiran Kumar and CNES President Jean-Yves Le Gall in the presence of visiting French Minister of Foreign Affairs Jean-Marc Ayrault.
Space cooperation between France and India spans over 50 years and is one of the cornerstones of the Indo-French strategic partnership.
Ayrault, accompanied by the French delegation, was given a guided tour of ISTRAC (ISRO Telemetry Tracking and Command Network) by the ISRO chairman, according to a French Consulate release here.
ISTRAC monitors Indian space missions, including the two Indo-French satellites currently in orbit for collecting data to track climate change.
ISRO is the second partner of CNES, in terms of volume, after NASA. Of comparable size and sharing similar objectives, the space programmes of both countries are complementary, it was noted.
Strengthening the CNES-ISRO partnership will enable France to benefit from the Indian model of streamlining the costs of space programmes.
Later, Ayrault met Rahul Narayan, CEO of leading Indian "NewSpace" start-up, Axiom Research Labs.
This start-up put forward TeamIndus, the only Indian team competing for the Google Lunar XPRIZE, a global competition for engineers and entrepreneurs to develop low-cost methods of robotic space exploration.
USD 20 million will be granted to the first private company that successfully lands a module on the Moon, places a robot that explores at least 500 metres and transmits high-definition videos and images back to Earth.
As TeamIndus races to design an all-terrain rover by end-2017 for this lunar mission, the French Space Agency will provide it with cameras, the release said.
In the presence of the Minister, Narayan and Le Gall signed an agreement for equipping Axiom Research Lab's lunar rover with two latest-generation CASPEX micro-cameras, developed by CNES in partnership with French firm 3DPlus.
In joining forces with Team Indus on this first private mission to land a rover on the moon, CNES is sending French technology for the first time on lunar terrain, the release said.
apart from ISRO , team indus now has french blessing too..Indian, French space agencies ink pact on satellite launch technology
By PTI | Published: 10th January 2017 02:14 AM |
Last Updated: 10th January 2017 02:14 AM
CNES is accompanying India’s space innovation efforts through cooperation with ISRO on future launch vehicles and by partnering the Team Indus lunar mission.
On the occasion of the visit to Bangalore of Jean-Marc Ayrault, France’s Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Development, CNES President Jean-Yves Le Gall and ISRO Chairman A.S Kiran Kumar signed an agreement to form a joint working group on space launcher technologies. French-Indian cooperation in the field of launchers traces its heritage back to the 1960s with the launch of sounding from India and production under licence of Viking engines. Recent space cooperation between the two nations has focused on developing and operating the Megha-Tropiques and SARAL-AltiKa climate-monitoring satellites. The decision to establish engineering exchanges to develop future generations of launchers is now set to inject new momentum into their historic and particularly fruitful partnership, combining their power to innovate. ISRO engineers will receive training at CNES and a technical working group will gauge synergies between ongoing developments and look at proposed future concepts, especially in the domain of reusable launch vehicles.
India’s frugal space engineering concept is also underpinning efforts by new private space players in India, with Bangalore establishing itself after California as one of the most promising nerve centres of NewSpace. It is in this context that Jean-Yves Le Gall and Rahul Narayan, Chairman & CEO of Indian start-up Axiom Research Labs, signed an agreement under which CNES will be taking part in the Team Indus mission to land a module and two rovers on the Moon in January 2018. CNES will supply two latest-generation cameras developed in partnership with French firm 3DPlus, employing technologies in which France is a world leader. The CASPEX cameras (Colour Cmos Camera for Space Exploration) will be the eyes of the Indian rover. This first private lunar landing will also mark a first for French technologies on the Moon. Applying short development cycles and highly innovative methods, Team Indus is participating in the GoogleX-Prize that will go to the first private player to land a module on the Moon, drive a rover on its surface and send data collected back to Earth.
PDF Format:After the visit, Jean-Yves Le Gall commented: “The agreements we have signed today extend French-Indian space cooperation to future launchers and planetary exploration. To stay competitive, we need to combine the best innovations and that is the goal of CNES’s partnership with Indian space players. In this regard, I would like to thank Jean-Marc Ayrault, our Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Development, for honouring us with his presence and thus marking the French government’s support for this exceptional cooperative undertaking.”
PARIS — The French and Indian space agencies on Jan. 9 agreed to create a joint working group to study future launcher technologies, especially those applicable to full or partial rocket reusability.
The agreement is the latest in a long history of space-technology cooperation between the two countries. Excluding European nations and the 22-nation European Space Agency (ESA), India is the second-largest partner for the French space agency, CNES, after NASA, when measured by investment volume.
But past dealings have mainly focused on Earth observation and science, not launch vehicles, which France views as the innermost sanctum of its space effort.
And while the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has been viewed with mainly benevolent neglect by CNES’s launcher directorate, the success of India’s PSLV medium-lift rocket in winning international business from owners of small satellites has not gone unnoticed.
Arianespace Chief Executive Stephane Israel, in a Jan. 4 briefing here, heaped praise on India’s PSLV rocket, which he noted has even won business from French companies. Airbus Defence and Space launched its Spot 6 and Spot 7 satellites aboard separate PSLV rockets.
India’s work on the more-powerful GSLV rocket has suffered multiple delays but now appears on track to take at least a piece of India’s domestic satellite business within five years, if not less.
Europe’s launch sector uncertain of economic model for reusable rocketsOn reusability, Europe so far has seen no urgency in copying U.S.-based SpaceX, whose policy of returning to Earth its Falcon 9 rocket’s first stage has caused concerns among French politicians but not yet resulted in a major investment.
French and European launch-industry officials remain uncertain of whether the kind of reusability envisioned by SpaceX is feasible in Europe given the likely annual launch pace.
Refurbishing and relaunching a rocket engine or stage would reduce the annual production volume and cause an increase in per-unit production costs that would need to be more the compensated by the net cost advantage of reusability.
Former French research minister Genevieve Fioraso, who had responsibility for the space sector and more recently was asked by the French government for a space-sector review, told the French parliament on Dec. 7 that reusability’s appeal might not be applicable in Europe.
Developing a partially reusable Ariane 6 rocket, she said, would have meant delaying Ariane 6’s commercial introduction to 2028. The vehicle is now on track for a 2020 inaugural flight. Longer term, Fioraso said, “it is not clear that such a vehicle would correspond to our economic model.”
“A reusable rocket may be less relevant to France than to the United states because our satellites, unlike theirs, mainly go to geostationary orbit, which means our rockets are confronted with the most difficult and abrasive conditions,” Fioraso said.
“We have looked seriously at this: The return on investment, for us, would be much less. But still we need to continue research in this area.”
Led by CNES, ESA governments in December agreed to early development of a LOX-methane motor called Prometheus, designed to cost 1 million euros ($1.05 million) apiece at commercial production volume. That compares with about 10 million euros for each Vulcain 2.1 LOX-liquid hydrogen engine today.
CNES officials hope ultimately to replace the Vulcain, used as the single main-stage engine on today’s Ariane 5 rocket, with multiple Prometheus engines, a implicit nod to the SpaceX policy of a nine-engine first stage.
The CNES-ISRO agreement on future launchers was signed at India’s space capital of Bangalore by CNES President Jean-Yves Le Gall and ISRO Chairman A.S. Kiran Kumar, in the presence of French Foreign Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault.
It is unclear exactly how far the joint working group will go before one or the other side decides to pull down the sovereignty curtain.
CNES’s Astorg: Joint work to have no effect on Europe’s Prometheus engineThe work will be preceded by a brief training regime in France — at CNES, Arianespace and Airbus Safran Launchers — for experienced ISRO engineers.
“The training will be just five days and will deal with quality assurance,” said Jean-Marc Astorg, CNES’s director of launchers, in an emailed response to SpaceIntelReport questions. “The training relates to the industrialization of the PSLV by ISRO, which wants to give more authority to its industry in the production phase. Up to now this was tightly managed by ISRO.
“CNES will present to ISRO the methods we have used, particularly related to Ariane 5, to go from a development phase under CNES responsibility to an operations phase under industrial management. CNES included industrial-management methods right from the start of the development of Ariane 5, which now has flown 76 times consecutively.”
Astorg said no detailed work plan on future launchers has yet be decided between CNES and ISRO, but that both agencies “are looking for faster, less-expensive methods to develop future launchers — for what is sometimes called ‘frugal innovation.’”
CNES and ISRO previously worked on rocket technology but the collaboration ceased in the 1990s, when Ariane 5 development was occurring.
In brief, we'll get more launch contracts from France if we can launch heavy Satellites in cheap price also.Astorg said the new bilateral effort would in no way impact the development of the Prometheus motor by six ESA nations — France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Belgium and Switzerland — which is scheduled to produce a test prototype before 2020.
With less than a month left for the proposed launch of 103 satellites at one go, Indian Space Research Organisation today said its aim is to maximise capability with each launch and not set a record.
"We are not looking at it as a record or anything. We are just trying to maximise our capability with each launch and trying to utilise that launch for the ability it has got and get the maximum in return," ISRO Chairman A S Kiran Kumar told reporters here.
Of the 103 satellites that ISRO's workhorse PSLV-C37 is expected to carry, 100 are foreign. "They are all actually a constellation, they are getting into a constellation of satellites providing observation of earth," Kumar said in response to a query on the sidelines of Karnataka ICT Summit 2017.
The three Indian satellites are Cartosat-2 series, weighing 730 kg as primary payload, INS-IA and INS-1B, weighing 30 kg. An official from the space agency said it was earlier planned to launch 83 satellites in the last week of January, of which 80 were foreign, but with the addition of 20 more foreign satellites the launch was delayed by a week and would now take place in the first week of February.
Kumar also said ISRO was working on having more frequent launches and make use of each launch or maximise the capability of the launch vehicle itself.
"The next one is going to carry a number of satellites from various companies along with our own Cartosat-2 series satellite and immediately following that we have GSLV Mark III and Mark II.... In the first three months that's what we are targeting, but beyond that we are trying to work for almost one launch a month," he said.
"The prime driver for all of this is to increase the capacity. Though we have the number of satellites in operation, we require many more for providing the necessary services that is needed," he added.After the success of the Mars mission, ISRO, which is currently conducting experiments for its second moon mission said another mission to Mars, Venus and Jupiter are on the horizon and studies are underway.
"As we are progressing, we need to look at long-term. So what we are looking beyond Chandrayan-2, for which we are already working on an approved programme," Kumar said.
"Beyond that, Mars second mission and Venus mission are all on the horizon, we have to go through the various studies and then formulate, get the approval and move. Right now, they are all in the study phase," he added.
ISRO is conducting tests for hazard avoidance for Chandrayaan-2 as it lands at its facility in Challakere in Chitradurga district of Karnataka, where simulated lunar craters have been created to evaluate the performance of the system.
The ISRO Chairman and French Space agency (CNES) President Jean-Yves Le Gall in the presence of visiting French Minister of Foreign Affairs Jean-Marc Ayrault had on Monday signed a partnership agreement in satellite launch technology.
To a question on the agreement, Kumar said "Currently we are working with them on Oceansat-3... and then we are working for a future payload, on an infrared imaging sensor."
"We are also looking at possibilities of working with them in various areas of future developments of satellites, launch vehicles," he added.
ISRO in the past had worked with CNES on sounding rockets, SARAL satellites programme and had also launched satellites for them.
Indeed, GSLV will be a game changer.In January 2017 {Actually March 2017}, India will operationalise the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, the GSLV. It will propel the Indian space programme into an entirely different league, ushering in a new era in the country's space journey.
Firstly, GSLV will make India's launch programme entirely self-sufficient for the first time in history. The independence from foreign rockets means that Indian communication satellites will no longer be riding the Ariane rockets from French Guiana. These will be launched on the GSLV from Sriharikota.
Secondly, GSLV opens the floodgates for space missions of an entirely different variety, complexity and sizes. India can undertake heavy payload missions like the manned mission to space, Chandrayaan-2, Mangalyaan-2 or the missions to Venus, Jupiter, asteroids and more.
To fully appreciate the GSLV, we need to understand the limitations of India's current workhorse, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Although highly successful, having launched the Chandrayaan, the Mangalyaan and almost all the Indian remote sensing satellites, this rocket has reached a plateau. It cannot take the space programme to newer heights.
PSLV is a solid fuel rocket {PSLV has both solid and liquid fuel stages}, which is easier to make and operate. But solid fuel rockets have one disadvantage - their engines generate less thrust. Less thrust translates into a less payload. PSLV is typically suited to launch a three-tonne satellite to a low earth orbit of maximum 2,000 km. The direct handicap of this performance is that the PSLV cannot launch communication satellites.
Communication satellites normally weigh over four tonnes. Also, these satellites must be deployed at a special orbit of 36,000 km from earth. This 36,000-km orbit is unique, because it’s geosynchronous. Satellites in this orbit complete one circle around earth in 24 hours, same as one rotation of earth on its axis. Thus in this orbit, a satellite circling at the same speed as earth will be stationary over a fixed point on earth.
Being stationary makes the satellite perfect for reflecting television and radio communications to and from earth. All the world’s television communication satellites, with transponders are positioned here. India’s solid fuel PSLV simply does not have the power to propel a four-tonne plus payload to that distant an orbit.
PSLV is good for launching maximum 3.8-tonne satellites in low earth orbits ranging between 300 km and 1,000 km, higher the weight lower the orbit. A satellite at these low heights, circles the earth several times a day. Constantly moving, these satellites are unsuitable for communication.
These low satellites become useful when placed in a polar orbit, where they circle the earth from north to south. In this orbit, earth rotates under the satellite, thus exposing all parts to the satellite almost daily. Such satellites can photograph almost any part of earth at least once a day. Closeness and access to all parts of the earth makes such satellites perfect for remote sensing.
Remote sensing satellites excel in applications like monitoring weather, crops, fisheries, forests, flooding, reservoirs, snow cover, tsunami, soil erosion, assessment of urbanisation, ocean studies and last, but not the least, espionage by regularly photographing enemy facilities. Thanks to the reliable, cheap and fully indigenous PSLV, India today has one of the largest constellations of remote sensing satellites in the world.
As PSLV capability is limited to low earth orbits only, it’s natural to wonder how India could launch missions to Moon and Mars. The answer lies in rocket science combined with Indian jugaad, albeit a technically advanced one.
To start with, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) designed these satellites very light. Both Chandrayaan-1 and Mangalyaan-1 weighed around 1.3 tonne. Even with light weight, a direct route to Moon or Mars was impossible. PSLV could put these satellites into low earth orbits only.
From low earth orbit, ISRO calculated an ingenious fuel efficient way out. Both missions used their satellite fuel and several engine burns to raise themselves into highly elliptical and high speed orbits. Finally, these high speed elliptical orbits, combined with timely engine burns, allowed the satellites to reach escape velocity for Moon and Mars.
For comparison, the concurrently launched MAVEN mission to Mars by NASA weighed 2.4 tonne, heavier by the size of a big passenger car. Launched on Atlas rockets, the heavier MAVEN reached escape velocity to Mars by the power of launching rocket itself in one stroke.
ISRO improvisation had trade-offs. Lower payload meant restricting the amount of the scientific payload that these missions could carry. However, for first missions, these trade-offs were acceptable because the objective broadly was limited to proving the technology. That ISRO completed the missions and also discovered water on Moon is icing on the cake.
{Lower loads also mean improvisation and miniaturisation of components- both in the rocket and satellites}
Counter intuitively though, the trade-offs and improvisations actually represent a high level of sophistication in mission planning. Deft mission planning allowed ISRO to go far beyond what was technically possible, key hallmark of all great space programmes. Beyond any doubt, these missions demonstrate two capabilities, India’s sophistication and confidence in satellite building and mission planning. The limiting factor, however, is constraint in designing heavier satellites.
Future missions to Mars and Moon will be heavier though. Objectives will be larger than demonstrating technology. Chandrayaan-2 and Mangalyaan-2 are planning Moon and Mars landers, and will certainly be loaded with greater number of scientific instruments.
Such heavier missions will be impossible on a PSLV, an even heavier manned mission is simply inconceivable. While PSLV will remain the remote sensing workhorse, it has no runway left for newer types of missions. The next chapter of Indian space programme cannot begin without a more powerful rocket.
This is where GSLV comes in. It is based on cryogenic technology, essentially using liquefied gases as fuels. Chief advantage of cryogenic technology is higher thrust, which means breaking out of low earth orbits and higher orbits with greater payloads. But this comes with newer challenges.
Cryogenic technology is a closely guarded secret internationally, and it's difficult. Everything is exponentially more complex with gases, liquefied at low temperatures of up to -250 centigrade and under high pressures. Pumping, mixing, controlling temperature, pressure, igniting these fuels, ensuring hardware and electronic operations at these low temperatures, safely using highly explosive gases, all this while the rocket is propelling at several kilometers per second, are a major challenge of technology. These are the frontiers of rocket science.
By operationalising GSLV, India will have crossed the last major technology threshold. ISRO can launch communication satellites into geostationary orbits and can launch heavier missions to Moon and Mars, but the benefits go far beyond.
Cryogenic rockets will be further improved over the next few decades, with newer designs leading to progressively more powerful launch vehicles. This opens a several decade long runway for newer satellites that are heavier and bigger. Bigger satellites mean more ambitious and daring missions like Venus, asteroids, Jupiter and even beyond. Not to mention India's manned mission.
Closing on five decades after ISRO was formed, we are witnessing the coming together of three critical components of a great space programme: satellite building, mission planning and heavy launch rockets. Together, these capabilities mark the beginning of a new era, where sky or perhaps space is the limit. India can dare to dream.
this is how i got it..ULV program possibly cancelled, government will go ahead with GSLV Mk3.
@Chinmoy @ezsasa @shiphone @Akask kumar
This is from the abstract of a talk on 'Future of Space Transportation' by Shri. S. Somanath, Director, Liquid Propulsion Systems Center at National Space Science Symposium.
''The semi-cryogenic stage with 200 ton propellant loading will replace the present earth storable core stage of LVM3 to enhance the payload capability to 6 tons. A heavy lift launch vehicle having 8 to 10 ton GTO payload capability based on bigger solid boosters, a semi-cryogenic core stage and clustered cryogenic upper stage is configured and is under detailed study. A clustered semi-cryo booster stage with 4 to 5 engines and with 500 ton propellant loading can be the booster stage of future heavy lift vehicle or a two stage human rated vehicle. Such a semicryo booster stage can be recovered and reused as well taking advantage of the throttling capability of the engine.''
LVM 3 upgrade road map towards HLV.
HLV (?)
And they are contemplating partially reusable VTVL launchers with 5 engine clustered configuration for first stage. That stage looks good enough for a moon rocket !!!
Payload to GTO is some 14 tonne.
march will be exciting month -- there is one GSLV MK3 launch and one GSLV mk2 launch..Tentative launch schedule
2017
Feb 8 02:59 UTC - PSLV(XL)-C37 - Cartosat-2D + INS-1A + INS-1B + 100 nanosats (Germany, Israel, Kazakhstan, NL, Switzerland, USA)
March - GSLV Mk III D1 (SLP) - GSAT-19
end March - GSLV Mk II F09 - GSAT-9 (part of P/L known as South Asia Sat)
April/May- PSLV C38 - EMIsat ?+SPaDEx ? + 3 Diamonds (Australia) + Venta-1 + Max Valier
NET July - GSLV Mk II F11 - GSAT-6A
- PSLV - 8 Skysat-C (tbc)
December - PSLV - Cartosat-2E
December 28 - PSLV - Team Indus Lunar Lander/ Rover + Team Hakuto Rover
piggybacked on PSLV: Microsat, PlanetiQ-1, PlanetiQ-2, InnoSat-2 (Malaysia), CE-SAT1 (Japan), Niusat, IITMSAT
Q1- Ariane 5 - GSAT-11
Q1- Ariane 5 - GSAT-17
2018
March - PSLV - Cartosat-3
July - PSLV - Oceansat-3
Q3 - PSLV - EnMap (Germany)
- GSLV Mk II F12 - GSAT-7A
- GSLV Mk II F10 - GISAT (GEO Imaging SATellite)
(or December 2017) - GSLV Mk III D2 - GSAT-20
December - GSLV Mk II D9 - Chandrayaan-2
piggybacked on PSLV : IMS(Indian Mini Satellite)/Atmos, IMS-1E, IMS-1F, IinuSat, IMS-B, PARIKSHIT, NEMO-AM (FY 2018-19)
2019
March - PSLV - Cartosat-3A
Q2 - PSLV - RISAT-1A
- PSLV XL - Aditiya-1
December or 2020 - PSLV - Oceansat-3A
piggybacked on PSLV: HYSIS
2020
March - PSLV - Cartosat-3B
- PSLV - RISAT-2A
Q2 - PSLV - Resourcesat-3S
Q2 - PSLV - Resourcesat-3
- PSLV? - MOM-2
2021
Q2 - PSLV - Resourcesat-3SA
Q2 - PSLV - Resourcesat-3A
- GSLV MkII - NISAR (NASA-ISRO SAR sat)
2022
Q1 - PSLV - Resourcesat-3B
- GSLV MkII - Insat-3DS
2024
- GSLV MkIII - First manned mission
Thanks input~2
Please note that 7 PSLVs have been scheduled for 2017, entire schedule may not be covered here.
First or second quarterwhen is PAD abort test??
How many among these are Indian missions to other planets? Be it orbiter or lander..Tentative launch schedule
2017
January 20- GSLV Mk III D1 (SLP) - GSAT-19
January 27- PSLV(XL)-C37 - Cartosat-2D + INS-1A + INS-1B + 80 nanosats (Israel, Kazakhstan, NL, Switzerland, USA)
end March - GSLV Mk II F09 - GSAT-9 (aka South Asia Sat?)
April/May- PSLV C38 - EMIsat ?+SPaDEx ? + 3 Diamonds (Australia) + Venta-1 + Max Valier
- GSLV Mk II F11 - GSAT-6A
- PSLV - 8 Skysat-C (tbc)
December - PSLV - Cartosat-2E
piggybacked on PSLV: Microsat, PlanetiQ-1, PlanetiQ-2, InnoSat-2 (Malaysia), CE-SAT1 (Japan), Niusat, IITMSAT
Q1- Ariane 5 - GSAT-11
Q1- Ariane 5 - GSAT-17
2018
March - PSLV - Cartosat-3
July - PSLV - Oceansat-3
Q3 - PSLV - EnMap (Germany)
- GSLV Mk II F12 - GSAT-7A
- GSLV Mk II F10 - GISAT (GEO Imaging SATellite)
(or December 2017) - GSLV Mk III D2 - GSAT-20
December - GSLV Mk II D9 - Chandrayaan-2
piggybacked on PSLV : IMS(Indian Mini Satellite)/Atmos, IMS-1E, IMS-1F, IinuSat, IMS-B, PARIKSHIT, NEMO-AM (FY 2018-19)
2019
March - PSLV - Cartosat-3A
Q2 - PSLV - RISAT-1A
- PSLV XL - Aditiya-1
December or 2020 - PSLV - Oceansat-3A
piggybacked on PSLV: HYSIS
2020
March - PSLV - Cartosat-3B
- PSLV - RISAT-2A
Q2 - PSLV - Resourcesat-3S
Q2 - PSLV - Resourcesat-3
- PSLV? - MOM-2
2021
Q2 - PSLV - Resourcesat-3SA
Q2 - PSLV - Resourcesat-3A
- GSLV MkII - NISAR (NASA-ISRO SAR sat)
2022
Q1 - PSLV - Resourcesat-3B
- GSLV MkII - Insat-3DS
Thanks input~2
At first, I'm not accounting observatories (Indian Counterparts of Telescopes like Hubble)How many among these are Indian missions to other planets? Be it orbiter or lander..
Thank you very much for the info professor saar. BTW I just found out where you got "Perfaarmance Naarmal" from ...At first, I'm not accounting observatories (Indian Counterparts of Telescopes like Hubble)
So, for Moon:
Related Thread:
- Team Indus (2 Rovers), Dec 2017-Jan2018
- Chandryaan-2 (lander, rover and sample analyzer) mid-2018, will help to study exploitable natural resources like Helium-3 & Titanium
- Chanrayaan 3 & 4 (sample return & possibly nuclear powered missions, not mentioned in list, planned for next deacde: 2020-30).
- Indian Settlement of a lab and space observatory at Moon (long term), mining is far away though.
http://defenceforumindia.com/forum/threads/indian-lunar-space-probes-and-exploration.77530/
For Mars:
Solar Mission:
- MOM-2 (either heavy orbiter or lander rover, not confirmed but planned between 2018-20).
Venus:
- Aditya L1 (at Lagrangian Point 1 to study the Sun)
- Following up three more L2, L3 & L5 missions as suggested by @Gessler.
Jupiter Mission:
- Indian Venusian Mission (existence of project confirmed, in study phase)
Asteroid Mission:
- Indian Jupiter orbiter/flyby (not in public domain)Existence confirmed, in study.
Rest is for manned space program but it's not called extra terrestrial exploration.
- Lander on asteroid like Europeans did with Rosetta, once spoken by an official in public but most likely, it's a mere concept. So, I couldn't get a news since a long time.
http://defenceforumindia.com/forum/threads/indian-human-spaceflight-program-hsp.77569/
I will change it to "Perfaarmance aassaam" after debut of big boy to ISRO in March.:biggrin2:BTW I just found out where you got "Perfaarmance Naarmal" from ...
Honestly this just reminds how far we have to go. Developed nations had rockets more capable than GSLV back in 60sNot sure if this has been posted already, but found a couple of interesting pictures for those who are intersted in rockets and where the current PSLV and GSLV stand in comparison to other launch vehicles and rockets of various countries
P.S: Rohini is on the list too :biggrin2:
View attachment 13106
View attachment 13107
Edit: for those who are interested, one of the Two largest rockets here (soviet) N1 was a complete and utter failure. 4 launches 4 failures and the program was scrapped. Whereas its US competitor Saturn 5 took man to the moon.