On the issue of Fuels Oils and Lubricants being functional additives are added.
For those who are not aware.
However, let me give an example.
Left - Untreated #2 Diesel Fuel, Right - #2 Diesel Fuel treated with Diesel Plus
The above photo shows how Diesel Plus improves the cold flow properties of diesel fuel. As diesel fuel gets colder, the paraffin waxes begin to form and clump together (left photo). Once these waxes stop the flow of diesel fuel thru the filter you have reached the Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP). The gel point is then the temperature where the diesel fuel no longer flows at all. The cold flow improver additives in Diesel Plus do not allow these waxes to clump together (right photo) until much lower temperatures, which keeps the fuel flowing through the filter and keeping you on the road!
At the winter treatment rate, Diesel Plus can lower the CFPP of diesel fuel as much as 22 degrees F and the gel point by as much as 35 degrees F.
Why is the phrase "as much as" used in the industry when referring to lowering the CFPP and gel point?
The quality of the diesel fuel you purchase from week to week varies, even from the same gas station! The diesel fuel you purchase is required to have a CFPP within 5 deg F +- from 0, but there are different ways to get the fuel to that range. A diesel fuel that is not as well-refined will need the addition of cold flow improvers just so the diesel fuel can be sold. These cold flow improvers also have a diminishing rate of return (the second ounce of additive does not have as much impact as the first ounce). A diesel fuel that has had a cold flow improver added at the refinery will not be able to take full advantage of the degree lowering properties that Diesel Plus can provide due to this diminishing rate of return. In addition, increased amounts of biodiesel also take a toll on the cold flow characteristics of diesel fuel.
http://www.conklin.com/content/products/vp/dieselplus.cfm
May also see this
http://www.kamco.co.uk/diesel.html
Commercial anti freeze thta prevents diesel from freezing upto -22 deg C.
For coolants
Honda's gone extreme when it comes to its engine coolant. Meet the latest member of the Honda Genuine vital fluids family: Extreme Cold Weather Antifreeze/Coolant Type 2. This new brew is just the ticket when
you're driving in areas where the mercury drops way down into the subzero zone.
Our normal engine coolant—Longlife Antifreeze/Coolant Type 2—is a 50% concentration of antifreeze and
water. It's formulated to work straight from the jug at temperatures as low as -34°F. But below that
temperature, the coolant freezes up. And not even an accessory block heater can prevent it from doing so.
That's where Extreme Cold Weather Antifreeze/Coolant Type 2 comes in. When properly measured and
added to the engine coolant, it raises the antifreeze concentration to 60%, which lowers the coolant
freezing point to -62°F. And it does this without affecting the original cooling system service interval, too.
http://www.hondasuv.com/members/showthread.php?t=52363
It is obvious that if additives were not added, then the vehicles and equipment would not be able to operate in high altitude and extreme cold climates.
It would be pertinent to note
Like most fuels, diesel is a mix of hydrocarbons, and the components have different freezing points. For Number 2 diesel, as the ambient temperatures drop toward 0°C (32 F), it begins to cloud, due to the paraffin in the fuel solidifying. As the temperatures drop below 0°C, the molecules combine into solids, large enough to be stopped by the filter. This is known as the gel point, and generally occurs about -9.5 degrees C (15 degrees F ) below the cloud point.
This wax then forms a coating on the filter which results in a loss of engine power. The same thing happens on starting an engine when the temperature is below freezing. The filter becomes almost instantly coated with wax - usually, enough fuel gets through to allow the engine to idle, but not attain operating RPM. There are two common ways to overcome this: one is a diesel additive, the other is a fuel heater.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_freezing_point_of_diesel
I think that would adequate answer the query raised by one worthy poster
Oh really....
Special oils and lubricants !!
When I mentioned
Oils, diesel and petrol have additives added so that they don't 'freeze' including that for artillery guns!
It is all a question of having experience to have served in the Army and in High Altitude, because anyone who has served, even if he were a
jawan, he would know!
My apologies to others for this diversion, but then I do agree that it is a waste of time to state the obvious, but then education of those who claim to know, but don't know is a necessity, lest ignorance swamps us with wiseacre comments!