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Equus Sivalensis of BHARAT :
“Equus sivalensis of the Shivalik deposits of Northern BHARAT, is the oldest true horse known to science” . They concluded, “Equus Sivalensis is the oldest true horse known, it has more highly specialised teeth than the Oreston and Newstead ponies.” This is not an isolated view. This has been the considered opinion of the equinologists of the last two centuries, before aitfags made delusional claims about horse.
See - https://hub.jhu.edu/2014/11/20/india-fossils-perissodactyla/
They have concluded “One of these, which flourished during Pliocene times, was a slender-limbed species, standing about 15 hands high, and having a broad forehead and tapering face, and certain peculiarities of the molar teeth. This type is represented by the Shivalik horse (Equus sivalensis). The arabs may be a descendant of this stock.”
See -The story of domesticated animals
In 1916, the new york academy of Science noted (Annals:310), “A possible contributory to the desert breed of the Pleistocene and of the modern domesticated horses is the animal of the E. sivalensis type of the Upper Pliocene in the Siwaliks of BHARAT. This animal is tall, with long, fairly slender limbs, long neck, well elevated tail, long face, which is strongly deflected on the cranium with a slightly convex profile and broad brow, and teeth with a narrow protocone.”
See -Quests of the dragon and bird clan
They even noted, “Of the possible ancestors of the domestic breeds, the following may be mentioned:– Equus sivalensis, E. stenonis, E. gracilis (Owen’s Asinus fossilis), E. namadicus, E. fossilis and E. robustus.” … (p. 393) “It used to be said that E. sivalensis could not be regarded as an ancestor of domestic horses because of the shortness of the anterior pillar of the cheek teeth. I find, however, that in some modern horses, the anterior pillars are decidedly shorter than in E. sivalensis, and that in some of the short-pillared domestic horses the face is nearly as strongly deflected on the cranium as in E. sivalensis. There is hence no longer any reason for assuming that this ancient Indian species had no share in the making of domestic breeds. But in the absence of a large and representative collection of skulls of domestic horses, it is impossible to say which modern breeds are most indebted to the large-headed, long- limbed race, which in Pliocene times frequented the area to the east of the Jhelum River, now occupied by the SHIVALIK Hills. Mr. Lydekker thinks E. sivalensis or some closely allied race ” may have been the ancestral stock from which Barbs, Arabs and Thoroughbreds are derived.””
See -Quests of the dragon and bird clan
“Equus sivalensis of BHARAT was a tall, broad-browed horse characterized by a long tapering deflected face and an inter-orbital prominence, a long neck, high withers and a high-set-on tail.” . The report suggested that like the Arab and the BHARAT horses, which descended from the sivalensis, the latter too may have been a fleet race characterized by an indomitable disposition . The Report noted the features of the BHARTIYA Siwalik horse in the following words: “light as well as heavy horses characterized by long pointed ears and a prominence between the eyes, by a long deflected face, high withers (shoulder ridge), and a high-set-on tail include horses of the SHIVALIK type as their ancestor” . This is the description of a classical horse. Most of the high quality horses would fit in this description.
These findings go well with the earlier findings that many of the caballus horses of eurofags have descended from Equus stenonis, which was a close relative of Equus sivalensis , and that most of the caballus horses of Asia have descended from the BHARTIYA horse sivalensis. These two were different from the przewalskii horse. Ponies too of both Asia and eurofags are caballus in status, and are most closely related to the sivalensis and stenonis. Bhartiya horse breeds of today like Marwari, Manipuri, Spiti and Bhutia exhibit features of sivalensis and have most likely been domesticated from it.
See - United states Bureau of Animal Industry, Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry (for the year 1884), washington gpo (27th Report), published 1910.
See - https://www.academia.edu/36101579/CHAPTER_3_ANCIENT_INDIAN_LITERATURE_AND_LANGUAGES_PART_3_docx
There is evidence that the sivalensis horses were taken along with the Neolithic migrations from BHARAT to the Southeast Asia and the Philippines. They concluded , “This contention is based on some isolated preservation of E. sivalensis traits. However, rather fully-sivalensis types have been described from Neolithic strata (8000-4000 BCE) at Lemery, Batangas in the Philippines together with dog remains.” Alba (1994) too notes that the E. sivalensis features are still found in the horses of the so-called “Sulu Horse” and its relatives in Borneo, Sumatra and Malacca. This description implies domestication of sivalensis horse in India before 8000 BCE (10,000 BP).
See -Quests of the dragon and bird clan
They further presented a good discussion on the BHARATIYA Equus sivalensis and found that this particular wild horse has made a large contribution to modern “true horse” or caballus population of the world. The Thoroughbred breed which is used worldwide today for racing, hunting, polo etc is descended from Equus sivalensis .
See - Ewart, J.C., Animal Remains, in the Appendix II of A Roman Frontier Post and its People, by James Curle, Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, Glassgo, 1911.
See - https://www.academia.edu/36101579/CHAPTER_3_ANCIENT_INDIAN_LITERATURE_AND_LANGUAGES_PART_3_docx
Certain breeds of modern britfag racehorses have descended from newstead horse which was a connecting link between the modern britfag horse breeds and the BHARATIYA Sivalensis . The Barb breed of North African coast and also the so called arab breed of horse in fact are descendants of the Equus sivalensis ). Lydekker, another specialist of equine breeds too opined that the horses of Arabia, North African coast and the thoroughbred breed have descended from the BHARTIYA Equus Sivalensis. . Lydekker, and also Ray Lankester, found that the “blood-horse” too was of BHARATIYA origin. This is logical. The term blood-horse is a short form for “warm-blooded horse”.
See - Lydekker, Guide to the Equidae in the British Museum, pp. 19–21, 1907.
See - Lydekker. Palaeontologia Indica, Ser. x. vol. ii.
See - https://www.academia.edu/36101579/CHAPTER_3_ANCIENT_INDIAN_LITERATURE_AND_LANGUAGES_PART_3_docx
They also concluded , “In other words, Lydekker now realizes that all the modern breeds are not characterized by long-pillared molars, and says that there is a probability that Barbs, Arabs and Thoroughbreds are descended from Equus sivalensis”. He further adds, “However, rather fully sivalensis types have been described from Neolithic strata (8000-4000 BCE) at Lemery, Batangas in the Philippines together with dog remains.”
See -Quests of the dragon and bird clan
In spite of the widely held belief that Equus sivalensis went extinct about 10,000 years back, we have evidence of their existence in the true horse population of Bharat. United state Bureau on Animal Industry Fifth Report noted that throughbreds built on the lines of Stockwell and Persimmons are probably more intimately related to Equus sivalensis than to Prof Ridgeway’s ‘fine bay horse’ (Equus caballus libycus) of North Africa.” (page 174). In fact, the central Asian ancient wild horse was like BHARTIYA Sivalensis horse , and many modern eurofags breed retains various skeletal features of sivalensis.
See - https://www.academia.edu/36101579/CHAPTER_3_ANCIENT_INDIAN_LITERATURE_AND_LANGUAGES_PART_3_docx
Thus the evidence says that the presumed to be extinct BHARTIYA wild horse Equus sivalensis was in fact domesticated, and has contributed significantly to the numbers of modern domesticated caballus horses, particularly those living in BHARAT today.
“Equus sivalensis of the Shivalik deposits of Northern BHARAT, is the oldest true horse known to science” . They concluded, “Equus Sivalensis is the oldest true horse known, it has more highly specialised teeth than the Oreston and Newstead ponies.” This is not an isolated view. This has been the considered opinion of the equinologists of the last two centuries, before aitfags made delusional claims about horse.
See - https://hub.jhu.edu/2014/11/20/india-fossils-perissodactyla/
They have concluded “One of these, which flourished during Pliocene times, was a slender-limbed species, standing about 15 hands high, and having a broad forehead and tapering face, and certain peculiarities of the molar teeth. This type is represented by the Shivalik horse (Equus sivalensis). The arabs may be a descendant of this stock.”
See -The story of domesticated animals
In 1916, the new york academy of Science noted (Annals:310), “A possible contributory to the desert breed of the Pleistocene and of the modern domesticated horses is the animal of the E. sivalensis type of the Upper Pliocene in the Siwaliks of BHARAT. This animal is tall, with long, fairly slender limbs, long neck, well elevated tail, long face, which is strongly deflected on the cranium with a slightly convex profile and broad brow, and teeth with a narrow protocone.”
See -Quests of the dragon and bird clan
They even noted, “Of the possible ancestors of the domestic breeds, the following may be mentioned:– Equus sivalensis, E. stenonis, E. gracilis (Owen’s Asinus fossilis), E. namadicus, E. fossilis and E. robustus.” … (p. 393) “It used to be said that E. sivalensis could not be regarded as an ancestor of domestic horses because of the shortness of the anterior pillar of the cheek teeth. I find, however, that in some modern horses, the anterior pillars are decidedly shorter than in E. sivalensis, and that in some of the short-pillared domestic horses the face is nearly as strongly deflected on the cranium as in E. sivalensis. There is hence no longer any reason for assuming that this ancient Indian species had no share in the making of domestic breeds. But in the absence of a large and representative collection of skulls of domestic horses, it is impossible to say which modern breeds are most indebted to the large-headed, long- limbed race, which in Pliocene times frequented the area to the east of the Jhelum River, now occupied by the SHIVALIK Hills. Mr. Lydekker thinks E. sivalensis or some closely allied race ” may have been the ancestral stock from which Barbs, Arabs and Thoroughbreds are derived.””
See -Quests of the dragon and bird clan
“Equus sivalensis of BHARAT was a tall, broad-browed horse characterized by a long tapering deflected face and an inter-orbital prominence, a long neck, high withers and a high-set-on tail.” . The report suggested that like the Arab and the BHARAT horses, which descended from the sivalensis, the latter too may have been a fleet race characterized by an indomitable disposition . The Report noted the features of the BHARTIYA Siwalik horse in the following words: “light as well as heavy horses characterized by long pointed ears and a prominence between the eyes, by a long deflected face, high withers (shoulder ridge), and a high-set-on tail include horses of the SHIVALIK type as their ancestor” . This is the description of a classical horse. Most of the high quality horses would fit in this description.
These findings go well with the earlier findings that many of the caballus horses of eurofags have descended from Equus stenonis, which was a close relative of Equus sivalensis , and that most of the caballus horses of Asia have descended from the BHARTIYA horse sivalensis. These two were different from the przewalskii horse. Ponies too of both Asia and eurofags are caballus in status, and are most closely related to the sivalensis and stenonis. Bhartiya horse breeds of today like Marwari, Manipuri, Spiti and Bhutia exhibit features of sivalensis and have most likely been domesticated from it.
See - United states Bureau of Animal Industry, Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry (for the year 1884), washington gpo (27th Report), published 1910.
See - https://www.academia.edu/36101579/CHAPTER_3_ANCIENT_INDIAN_LITERATURE_AND_LANGUAGES_PART_3_docx
There is evidence that the sivalensis horses were taken along with the Neolithic migrations from BHARAT to the Southeast Asia and the Philippines. They concluded , “This contention is based on some isolated preservation of E. sivalensis traits. However, rather fully-sivalensis types have been described from Neolithic strata (8000-4000 BCE) at Lemery, Batangas in the Philippines together with dog remains.” Alba (1994) too notes that the E. sivalensis features are still found in the horses of the so-called “Sulu Horse” and its relatives in Borneo, Sumatra and Malacca. This description implies domestication of sivalensis horse in India before 8000 BCE (10,000 BP).
See -Quests of the dragon and bird clan
They further presented a good discussion on the BHARATIYA Equus sivalensis and found that this particular wild horse has made a large contribution to modern “true horse” or caballus population of the world. The Thoroughbred breed which is used worldwide today for racing, hunting, polo etc is descended from Equus sivalensis .
See - Ewart, J.C., Animal Remains, in the Appendix II of A Roman Frontier Post and its People, by James Curle, Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, Glassgo, 1911.
See - https://www.academia.edu/36101579/CHAPTER_3_ANCIENT_INDIAN_LITERATURE_AND_LANGUAGES_PART_3_docx
Certain breeds of modern britfag racehorses have descended from newstead horse which was a connecting link between the modern britfag horse breeds and the BHARATIYA Sivalensis . The Barb breed of North African coast and also the so called arab breed of horse in fact are descendants of the Equus sivalensis ). Lydekker, another specialist of equine breeds too opined that the horses of Arabia, North African coast and the thoroughbred breed have descended from the BHARTIYA Equus Sivalensis. . Lydekker, and also Ray Lankester, found that the “blood-horse” too was of BHARATIYA origin. This is logical. The term blood-horse is a short form for “warm-blooded horse”.
See - Lydekker, Guide to the Equidae in the British Museum, pp. 19–21, 1907.
See - Lydekker. Palaeontologia Indica, Ser. x. vol. ii.
See - https://www.academia.edu/36101579/CHAPTER_3_ANCIENT_INDIAN_LITERATURE_AND_LANGUAGES_PART_3_docx
They also concluded , “In other words, Lydekker now realizes that all the modern breeds are not characterized by long-pillared molars, and says that there is a probability that Barbs, Arabs and Thoroughbreds are descended from Equus sivalensis”. He further adds, “However, rather fully sivalensis types have been described from Neolithic strata (8000-4000 BCE) at Lemery, Batangas in the Philippines together with dog remains.”
See -Quests of the dragon and bird clan
In spite of the widely held belief that Equus sivalensis went extinct about 10,000 years back, we have evidence of their existence in the true horse population of Bharat. United state Bureau on Animal Industry Fifth Report noted that throughbreds built on the lines of Stockwell and Persimmons are probably more intimately related to Equus sivalensis than to Prof Ridgeway’s ‘fine bay horse’ (Equus caballus libycus) of North Africa.” (page 174). In fact, the central Asian ancient wild horse was like BHARTIYA Sivalensis horse , and many modern eurofags breed retains various skeletal features of sivalensis.
See - https://www.academia.edu/36101579/CHAPTER_3_ANCIENT_INDIAN_LITERATURE_AND_LANGUAGES_PART_3_docx
Thus the evidence says that the presumed to be extinct BHARTIYA wild horse Equus sivalensis was in fact domesticated, and has contributed significantly to the numbers of modern domesticated caballus horses, particularly those living in BHARAT today.
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