Indian Army Vs PLA On LAC Information Thread

[Kunal Biswas]

EQUIPMENT: Indian Army Vs PLA On LAC

The Thread is main purpose is to update the knowledge about Indian Army and PLA`s equipment in mountain terrain along Line of actual Control, This analysis will help us to find real weakness and advantage within ourselves and PLA..

In this Thread we will strictly stick to Mil topics and strategy between PLA & IA..

No Political discussion should be here:

1. No Taiwan issue..

2. No Indian corruption issue..

3. No Tibet's political Issues..

4. No Pakistani army issues..


Thanks!

 

[Kunal Biswas]

I will Start With Infantry comparison, Then their will be MBT, After that their will be Light Armour and Arty consist of MRLS and Guns..

 

[Kunal Biswas]

Infantry!

INFANTRY

INDIAN ARMY REGULAR INFANTRY

HELMET : Indian Army usually use Tin Bucket, they provide good protection from stones and small shrapnel,

BP: Indian Army use BP, Capable of stopping AK bullets

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RIFLE:

INSAS 1B1 Assault Rifle

INSAS 1B1 rifle is based on traditional deign, It fires OFB 64gr 5.56 bullets from 18.3inch barrel with 1 in 7.8 rifle twist, The rifle feed by 22rnd mag, its semi and burst, Their are accessories for the rifle like, Scopes, UBGL,Bayonet and Long range sight so does Reflex Sight..

Weight >> 3.5 kg loaded
Length >> 960 mm (37.8 in)
Barrel length >> 18.3 inch
Rifle Twist >> 1 in 200mm
Cartridge >> 5.56x45mm OFB & NATO
Action >> Gas-operated, Rotating bolt
Muzzle velocity >> 3,150 ft/s
Effective range >> 650 Meters
Feed system >> 20/30-round detachable box magazine


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Light Machine Gun:

INSAS LMG

INSAS LMG is semi and fully auto, Its feed by a 30rnds Mag..

Caliber >> 5.56mm
Wt. w/loaded Magazine >> 6.73kg
Length Overall >> 1050mm
Barrel length >> 535mm
Magazine Capacity >> 30rnds
Effective range >> 700m


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Multiple Grenade Launcher:

40MM Multiple Grenade Launcher

It Provide High rate of fire and ability to handle ranges beyond the reach of hand grenades and rifle grenades, Can be used in a pinpoint role at range up to 150 meters. This weapon is very common in IA..

Calibre >> 40 mm
Length Butt unfolded >> 778 mm
Mass (unloaded) >> 5.3 kg
Barrel length >> 300 mm
Practical rate of fire >> 18 rounds/min
Maximum effective range >> 375 meters


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ROCKET LAUNCHER

84mm RCL:

The Carl Gustaf (also Carl-Gustaf and M2CG; pronounced "Carl Gustav") is the common name for the 84 mm man-portable multi-role recoilless rifle, The Carl Gustaf can be used to attack larger stationary targets at up to 700 m, but the relatively slow speed of the projectile restricts attacks on moving targets to a range of 400 m or less. Rate of fire: 6 rounds per minute. Sights: Iron sights; optical 3x; laser rangefinder; image intensification system.

Weight of transport package packed with weapon and accessories >> 29 Kg
Dimension of transport package >> 1173x453x268 mm
Weight of weapon complete with telescopic sight and bipod >> 10 Kg Approx
Weight of telescopic sight >> 0.75 Kg. (1.7 lb)
Weight of bipod >> 0.25 Kg. (0.6 lb)
Length of gun >> 1065 mm (41.9 in)
Practical rate of fire about >> 6 RPM


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SNIPER RIFLE:

Dragunov sniper rifle

The Dragunov sniper rifle (formally Russian: Снайперская винтовка Драгунова, Snayperskaya Vintovka Dragunova (SVD), literally "Dragunov's sniper rifle") is a semi-automatic sniper rifle chambered in 7.62x54mmR,The rifle features mechanically adjustable backup iron sights with a sliding tangent rear sight (the sight can be adjusted to a maximum range of 1,200 m). The iron sights can be used with or without the standard issue optical sight in place. The PSO-1 sight enables targets to be engaged at ranges upwards of 1,300 m; effective ranges in combat situations have been stated at between 600 to 1,300 m, depending on the nature of the target (point or area target) quality of ammunition and skill of the shooter.

Weight >> 4.30 kg (9.48 lb) (with scope and unloaded magazine)4.68 kg (10.3 lb) (SVDS)
Length >> 1,225 mm (48.2 in)
Barrel length >> 610 mm (24.0 in)
Cartridge >> 7.62x54mmR
Action >> Gas-operated, rotating bolt
Muzzle velocity >> 830 m/s (2,723 ft/s)
Maximum range >> 1,300 m with scope
Feed system >> 10-round detachable box magazine
Sights >> PSO-1 telescopic sight and iron sights with an adjustable rear notch sight

 

[Kunal Biswas]

INFANTRY:

PLA Regular Infantry:

HELMET : Kevlar, capable of stopping 9mm..

BP: Yes.


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RIFLE:

QBZ-95

The new QBZ-95 Is a bullpup deign, fires the 5.8x42mm round,Rifle got a 30rnd mag, It semi and full auto..

Weight >> 3.35 kg (7.4 lb) (QBZ-97 )
Length >> 758 mm (29.8 in) (QBZ-97 and QBZ-97A)
Barrel length >> 490 mm (19.3 in) (QBZ-97 and QBZ-97A)
Cartridge >> 5.8x42mm DBP87
Effective range Rifle >> 600m
Feed system >> 30-round box magazine


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Light Machine Gun:

QBZ-95 LMG

It's in the same respect as the QBZ-95 Rifle with modified heavier barrel, Feed by with larger 75-round drum magazine.

Weight >> 3.95 kg unloaded
Length >> 840 mm
Barrel length >> 600 mm
Cartridge >> 5.8x42mm DBP87
Action >> Short stroke Gas-actuated with rotating bolt
Effective range >> 600 m
Feed system >> 75-round Drum


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Rocket Launcher.

PF-89

DZJ08 80mm single shot rocket launcher, It has a 200 meter range, a 1.65 kg (3.63 pounds) warhead.

Caliber >> 80×900 mm rocket
Firearm action >> Single-shot
Barrel length >> 35.4 in (900 mm)
Effective range >> 656 ft (200 m)
Weight, launcher (loaded) >> 8.15 lb (3.70 kg)


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AUTOMATIC GRENADE LAUNCHER:

QLZ-87 grenade launcher

The QLZ-87 grenade launcher is gas operated, locked breech weapon that uses rotary bolt and direct gas impingement system probably borrowed from M16 rifle. Gas system is fitted with manual adjustment valve. Charging of the weapon is conducted by pulling back and forward the pistol grip which is (unusually) located at the right side of weapon. This pistol grip is accompanied with trigger and safety/fire selector that allows for single shots and full auto fire. The steel receiver is of tubular shape and rather slim; at the top of the receiver there is a fixed carrying handle. Rear part of receiver is fitted with rubber shoulder pad. Feed is using drum magazines of various diameter, that can hold 6, 9, 12 or 15 rounds; standard capacities seem to be 6 or 15 rounds. Drums are attached at the bottom of the gun, unlike earlier W87 weapons. The smaller capacity drums are used in "light" configuration when gun is used from integral bipod

Caliber >>> 35x32mm SR
Type >> gas operated, magazine fed automatic grenade launcher
Overall length >> 970 mm
Weight >> 12 kg in light configuration (with scope and bipod, less magazine); 20kg on tripod, less magazine
Effective range >> up to 600 m point targets; 1700 m maximum.
Rate of fire >> 500 rounds per minute

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SNIPER RIFLE:

QBU-88 rifle

The QBU-88 rifle (also sometimes referred to as Type 88 rifle) was the first weapon of the newest generation of Chinese small arms, chambered for proprietary 5.8 x 42 mm ammunition. Adopted in the late 1980s, the QBU-88 is, by the modern sense, not a true sniper rifle - it is more of designated marksman rifle, intended for aimed semi-automatic fire at ranges beyond the capabilities of standard infantry assault rifles. The rifle is intended for rough military use, so it is fitted with adjustable iron sights by default, and is generally equipped with telescopic sights or with night sights.Effective range 800 m.

Weight >> 4.1 kg (9.0 lb)
Length >> 920 mm (36.2 in)
Barrel length >> 640 mm (25.2 in)
Cartridge >> 5.8 x 42 mm (with non-standard loading)
Action >> Gas-operated, Rotating bolt
Effective range >> 800 m
Feed system >> 10-round detachable box magazine
Sights >> 3-9x40, 6-24x44 telescopic sights

 

[Kunal Biswas]

Main Battle Tank

Main Battle Tanks

T-72M1 Ajaya

Known as Ajeya, around 1950 T-72M1 tanks form the modern backbone of the Indian Army's MBT fleet. Licensed production of the T-72M1 at Heavy Vehicles Factory (HVF), Avadi is believed to have ended in 1998 and during a 15-year period 1100+ tanks were produced. According to the Comptroller & Auditor General of India, the last T-72M1 production run at HVF, stood at 92 tanks during 1997-98.

Crew >> 3.
Combat Weight >> 41,500 kg.
Engine >> V-12 air-cooled, multi-fuel injection, engine with 780 hp.
Maximum Range >> Without long range fuel tanks; 480 km.


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Type 96A MBT.

The Type 96 main battle tank has undergone an upgrade and is now designated the Type 96A. The vehicle includes ERA on the glacis plate and add-on armour on the front of the turret, reminiscent of the 'Super Dolly Parton' ERA array incorporated on the T-72A. The gunner now has an integrated thermal imaging/day sight, the equipment rack/bar armour on the sides of the turret has been replaced by larger boxes and a Chinese version of the Russian Shtora-1 infra-red/laser jamming system is fitted.


Weight >> 42.8 tonnes
Crew >> 3
Engine diesel >> 1000 hp (750 kW)
Operational range >> 450 km

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Their is very little role of MBT in Future Indo-Sino War, As both are deployed as for defensive role, None can cross mountains with out proper bridgehead..

 

[Kunal Biswas]

Light Armour!

BMP-2K

BMP-2K is the only true striking IFV & APC in these terrains, BMP-2 is used for both Anti-tank and Infantry support vehicle, In Anti-tank role its ATGM ( Konkurs - M Missile ) can hit Tanks upto 4kms, In Anti-Infantry use It can hit hostile troops with 30mm cannon ( 550 rnd per min ), 7.62 Coax MG, Also Indian variant are armed with 30mm AGLs..

Weight >> 14.3 tonnes (15.8 ST; 14.1 LT)
Crew >> 3 (+7 passengers)
Engine Power >> (HP) 300


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Mine protecting Vehicles:

OFV, Mine protecting Vehicles are primarily used in CT areas but can be also useful in these terrain, It provide necessary protection from small arm fire, And have good mobility..

Ground Clearance >> 305 mm
Speed >> 85 KMPH Max
Seats >> 10 + 2
Protection Level >> Mine Blast 14 Kgs TNT under wheels 10 Kgs TNT under Hull, Small Arms 7.62 SLR Rifle firing from a distance of 10 meters on all sides of vehicle


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PTL02:

The PTL02 assault gun is the WZ551 equipped with the 100mm Type 86 high velocity smooth-bore cannon with a six slotted muzzle brake, fume evaluator and a thermal sleeve. it can be compared to the M1128 Mobile Gun System, which is part of the Stryker LAV family. There are three 76mm smoke grenade discharges either side of the turret and a cupola mounted QJC 88 12.7 x 108mm heavy machine gun. For an assault gun the vehicle is also very thinly armored, but consistent when a turret is added to an armored personnel carrier. [/B]The sharply angled turret front can only defeat a 12.7mm standard, not Armour-piercing (AP), projectile at 100m and a 7.62mm AP projectile at 200m. The chassis front can stop a 7.62mm AP projectile at 100m, the sides of the vehicle at 200m and the rest of the vehicle is proof against standard ball rounds. Besides the traditional cavalry roles of flank protection, rear area security, and pursuing a defeated enemy, the PLA envisage it using to exploit a break though of enemy defenses.


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ZSL92

The ZSL92 IFV has an overall combat weight of 15.3t. The hull of the vehicle comprises three sections: the driver compartment in the front, the powerpack compartment in the middle left, and the troop compartment in the rear. The vehicle is fully amphibious, propelled by two propellers . There are six firing ports in the vehicle hull, three on each side of the vehicle.The ZSL92 is fitted with a collective NBC (nuclear, biological, chemical) protection system and automatic fire suppression system as standard. Armour protection against 12.7mm calibre weapon systems is provided all round.The IFV variant has a crew of three (driver, commander, and gunner) and carries nine infantry soldiers in its troop compartment. The main armament is a ZPT90 25mm automatic cannon mounted on a one-man turret. The cannon has a full 360° traverse with an elevation of -8° ~ 55°. Ammunition load for the cannon is 400 rounds, with 200 rounds carried inside the ammunition cartridges, and an additional 200 (120 high-explosive rounds and 80 armour-piercing rounds) carried in the turret. The gun can fire single, 3-round burst, 5-round burst, or fully automatic. The max rate of fire is 100r/min or 200r/min. Secondary weapon is a coaxial 7.62mm Type 86 machine gun with 1,000 rounds. A four-barrel 76mm smoke grenade launcher is fitted on either side of the turret.Recently an improved variant of the ZSL92 IFV has been spotted. This variant is armed with a 30mm cannon turret developed by NORINCO.


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ZBD09

The ZBD09, previously labelled the VN1, is the PLA's new wheeled armoured personnel carrier and combat loaded with the basic armour fit, weighs 20 tonnes. Its power to weight ratio of 16.5 kW/t enables the 8 x 8 version to climb a 30° slope, cross a 1.8m trench and climb over a 0.55 m vertical obstacle. The vehicle is 8 m long, 3 m wide, is 2.1m high at the top of the hull and has a ground clearance of 400mm. This vehicle carries a modified Ukrainian Shkval 30 x 165mm automatic cannon equipped two-man turret with wire-guided Hong Jian-73C anti-tank guided missiles, although in service it may carry the 'Universal' one man turret mounting a 30mm automatic cannon, coaxial 7.62 x 54mmR machine gun, a Hong Jian-73C ATGM launcher and six 76mm smoke dischargers.

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This all Wheeled Vehicles are given to PLA quick-reaction forces which are deployed along LAC, This vehicles are perfectly deigned for speed and tackling mountain terrains..

 

[badguy2000]

Biswas is a hard-working guy!

 

[Kunal Biswas]

Arty!

1. TUBE ARTY towed..
2. MRLS..
3. SPGH..
4. Mortars both static and SP..

Indian Army Tube arty ( towed )

105mm Indian Field Gun

The 105 mm Indian and Light Field Guns (IFG/LFG) are high performance guns meeting the conflicting requirements of mountain, plain and desert warfare. The Indian Field Gun is the mainstay of the Field Artillery Branch of the Indian Army covering a maximum range of 17 km. The LFG is a close in weapon, designed to provide the necessary range, mobility and fire power required in the present day battlefield scenario. A unique feature of LFG is its light weight which makes it capaple of being helilifted for quick deployment in mountain terrain. This has been achieved by using high strength alloy steel. The optimised design provides a compact, robust and small profile ideally suited for cross-country mobility.

Armament: HE, HESH, Smoke.
Rate of Fire: 4 rounds a minute - normal.
.......................6 rounds a minute - intense.
.......................1 round a minute - sustained.
Gun Elevation/Depression: -5?§ to +75?§
Traverse: 30deg in total.
Ammunition Range: 17,200 metres - maximum.

155MM/45CAL

Updated successfully, Recent Images conform its presence in large number..

Crew: Nine.
Calibre: 155mm
Recoil: Hydraulic buffer and hydro-pneumatic recuperation system.
Shield: Optional.
Armament: FRAG-HE,, Smoke.
Rate of Fire: 5 - 6 rounds per minute.
Gun Elevation/Depression: -2.5º to +45º
Traverse: ±50º in total.
Ammunition Range: 27-30kms with full charge,39,000 metres (extended range base-bleed charge).

M46 130MM FIELD GUN

The 130 mm towed field gun M-46 M1954 (Russian: 130-мм пушка M-46 обр. 1954 г.) is a manually loaded, towed 130 mm artillery piece, manufactured in the Soviet Union in the 1950s. It was first observed by the west in 1954. For many years, the M-46 was one of the longest range artillery systems around, with a range of more than 27 km, And after new ammo its range is around 40kms.

Crew: Nine.
Calibre: 130mm
Recoil: Hydraulic buffer and hydro-pneumatic recuperation system.
Shield: Optional.
Armament: FRAG-HE, APC-T, SP-46 (illumination), Smoke.
Rate of Fire: 5 - 6 rounds per minute.
Gun Elevation/Depression: -2.5º to +45º

Traverse: ±50º in total.

Ammunition Range: 27,150 metres (full charge).
..........................19,100 metres (reduced charge).
...........................38,000 meters ( assisted )

Type 83 122mm Towed Howitzer

The Type 83 is a Chinese improved copy of the famous Russian D-30 122mm towed howitzer, which is in use with at least 50 different countries. It is fielded by the airborne corps, marine corps and light/mountain infantry units in the PLA as a division-level general-purpose artillery weapon. It is capable of firing a wide range of Russian/indigenous ammunitions. NORINCO has also developed a self-propelled version of the howitzer known as Type 89 (PLZ89).

Calibre: 122mm
Barrel Length: 30 calibre (approximately)

Max firing range: (High Explosive): 14.5km; (Extended Range Full Bore, Hollow Base, or ERFB-HB) 21km
http://www.worldaffairsboard.com/at...ious-howitzer-type83_122_mm_type_83_dpicm.jpg


Rate of Fire: intense 6~8 rounds/min; sustained N/A
Crew: 8
Fire Control: Direct or indirect firing with optical sighting
Battle Weight: 3,200kg

NORINCO PLL01 towed Howitzer 155mm

The PLL01 (also known as W88/890) is a heavy gun-howitzer introduced in 1987 by the China North Industries Group Corporation (CNGC). It was the first PLA artillery system to have adopted the Western-standard 155mm calibre instead of the Soviet/Russian standard 152mm calibre. The weapon was briefly displayed to the public during the 1999 military parade held in Beijing to mark the 50th anniversary of the PRC, with a small number (~36) fielded by an artillery division subordinate to the Beijing Military Region. No further commission has been reported.

The PLL01 was based on the Austrian GHN-45, which itself was derived from the Canadian GC-45 howitzer designed by Dr Gerald Bull's Space Research Corporation in the 1970s. The GC-45 combines a number of features to produce what is generally considered the best field artillery in the world. Its unique 155mm/45-calibre gun design has been adopted by a number of artillery systems around the world, including the famous South African G5 howitzer.

Weight: Similar or a bit more to M46 soltam upgrade..
Rate of Fire: 4-5 rounds/min
Range: 39,000m = ERFB-BB ammunition

Type 59 130mm Field Gun

The first 130 mm field gun produced by China was the Type 59, a virtually direct copy of the Russian M-46. The Type 59 130mm gun, with maximum rate of fire is at 8-10 rds/min, fires an HE projectile capable of penetrating 250mm of armour set at 0 degree at a range of 1,500m. The Type 59 gun also fires enhanced range projectiles: the MP-130 RAP that weighs 33.4kg with a maximum range of 34,360m; and an ERFB HE that weights 32.7kg with a maximum range of 30km.

Weight 7.7 t (16,975 lbs)
Length 11.73 m (38.48 ft)
Width 2.45 m (8 ft)
Crew 8
Caliber 130 mm (5.11 in)
Breech Horizontal sliding wedge
Rate of fire 6 (normal),8 (burst),5 (sustained)
Range 27-38km

 

[Kunal Biswas]

Mrls

MBRLS

Smerch MBRLS

The kommersant (russia's daily online newspaper), reported on 11 april 2007, that a contract was signed on 31 december 2005 - worth usd $450 million - between rosoboronexport and the indian ministry of defence (mod) to deliver 38 units of the smerch mlrs to the indian army. This contract includes military vehicles, navigations systems, personnel training and rosoboronexport's commission. A second contract was signed in the first week of april 2007, for a subsequent batch of 24 units worth usd $300 million and brings the total deal to usd $750 million and 62 units respectively. Deliveries of the units from the first contract is expected in april 2007 itself and will be shipped from russia's oao motovilikhinskie plant, which manufactures the smerch mlrs. Delivery on the first contract will be completed by 2008 and the second contract by 2010.

Weight 43.7 t
length 12 m
width 3.05 m
height 3.05 m
crew 3
caliber 300mm
barrels 12
maximum range 90 km
primary-armament 9m55 or 9m528 rockets
engine v-12 diesel d12a-525a 525 hp
suspension 8×8 wheeled
operationalrange 850 km
speed 60 km/h
launch vehicle: The indian army has chosen the tatra 816 truck chassis to mount the 9a52-2t launcher system.

Pinaka MBRL

pinaka is a multiple rocket launcher produced in india and developed by the defence research and development organisation (drdo) for the indian army. The system has a maximum range of 39–40 km, fire a salvo of 12 he rockets in 44 seconds, neutralizing a target area of 3.9 km2. The system is mounted on a tatra truck for mobility.

Designer drdo
designed 1986
manufacturer larsen & toubro, tata group & BEML
unit cost $ 0.58 million
produced 1998 - present
number built 80
variants 40km, 120km(in development)
caliber 214mm
barrels 12
rate of fire rockets - 12 in < 44 sec
maximum range 40 km
warhead weight up to 250 kg
engine diesel
speed launcher: 80 km/h

BM-21 MBRLS

Indian army has used the bm-21 system since the 1970s and the system was used to great success in the 1999 kargil conflict. The russian news & information agency (rnia), reported on 23 january 2006, that a contract was signed between rosoboronexport and the indian ministry of defence (mod) to deliver modernized rockets for the bm-21 system. the modernized rockets have an extended range of 40 km and feature more powerful warheads. Brigadier general arie mizrachi (retd), chairman of israel military industries (imi), in an interview with globes online in december 2004 stated that a $40 million contract was signed with the indian army for the upgrade of the russian-made rockets to improve their precision and range. He also stated that the deal could expand to as much as $1 billion over a period of five years. it is unsure whether the deal signed with rosoboronexport has imi also involved in the upgrade.

Crew: Six.
Calibre: 122mm (40 tubes).
Elevation: 0º to +55º
traverse: ±120º in total.
Ammunition range: 40,000 metres; long rocket.
..........................11,000 metres; short rocket.

PHL03 12 MBRLS

The PHL03, also referred as the Type 03, multiple launch rocket system is a Chinese version of the Russian BM-30 Smerch. It was developed by NORINCO and reportedly entered service with the Chinese army in 2004 - 2005. The PHL03 is being proposed for the export customers as the AR-2. The PHL03 has 12 tubes for 300-mm rockets. The standard rocket weights around 800 kg. however it is most likely to be up to 100 km. It is unknown what type of warheads are available for the PHL03. These probably include HE-FRAG and cluster warheads with anti-armor and anti-personnel sub-munitions. The PHL03 is based on a Wanshan 8x8 high mobility truck chassis. A reloading vehicle is based on the same 8x8 chassis and is fitted with a hydraulic crane and carries 12 reload rockets. Reloading usually takes place remotely from firing position, to avoid counter-battery fire.

Armament caliber 300-mm
number of tubes 10
rocket weight 840 kg
warhead weight 200 kg
firing range 40 - 100 km
full salvo duration 60 s
reloading time 20 minutes
mobility-engine diesel
maximum road speed 60 km/h
range 650 km

PHL81 MBRL

This is essentially a copy of the 1960s-era Soviet BM-21, a classic of MLRS artillery. The Chinese version first entered service in the early 1980s. The system is a 40-tube 122 mm launcher, firing rockets with a range of 20 km, and can fire rockets with fragmentation, incendiary, mine-laying and anti-tank or anti-personnel cluster munitions warheads. A seven-man crew can reload the system in eight minutes.

Weight 13.71 tonnes (30,225 lb)
Length 7.35 m (24 ft 1 in)
Barrel length 3.0 m (9 ft 10 in)
Width 2.40 m (7 ft 10 in)
Height 3.09 m (10 ft 2 in)
Crew 4
Barrels 40
Rate of fire 2 rounds/s
Muzzle velocity 690 m/s (2,264 ft/s)
Maximum range 20 km (new rockets 30–40 km)
Suspension 6×6 wheeled

 

[Kunal Biswas]

S . P .g . H

Self Propelled Gun Howitzers Systems

130mm Catapult

The self-propelled medium artillery gun firing both HE and AP ammunition has seven Bogie wheel stations on either side to withstand higher firing stresses and to cater for longer recoil length. The unique hydraulic suspension locking system provides stability to the vehicle during firing. The gun has an elevation of +45o to -2o and static traverse 12 1/20 on either side and maximum range is 27 Km.

Ammunition Range: 27,150 metres (full charge).
..........................19,100 metres (reduced charge).
...........................38,000 meters ( assisted )

PCL-09 122mm howitzer truck

PLA's type PCL-09 122 mm self-propelled howitzer. Recently, the domestic official magazine of the PLA military vehicle howitzer latest big picture clearly. The gun number PCL-09 type, using 122-mm caliber. Formed in 2010 to go abroad to participate in the gun into the SCO joint military exercise. PCL-09-style design ideas, similar with French Caesar howitzer and Sweden archers wheeled chassis self-propelled howitzer.

Max firing range: (High Explosive): 14.5km; (Extended Range Full Bore, Hollow Base, or ERFB-HB) 21km
http://www.worldaffairsboard.com/att...e_83_dpicm.jpg

VN1/ZBD-09 122 mm self-propelled artillery system

The overall layout of this 122 mm self-propelled artillery system is similar to the ZBD-09 (8 × 8) ICV with the drivers compartment at the front left and the diesel engine compartment to the front right.Mounted on the roof to the rear of the second road wheel station is what appears to be a fully enclosed turret.This is armed with the local version of the Russian 122 mm D-30 howitzer which has been in service with the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) for many years under the designation of the Type 86. When travelling the 122 mm ordnance is held in a travel lock located to the rear of the drivers position. Details of this 122 mm weapon and types of ammunition and ranges achieved is provided in a separate entry in Jane's Armour and Artillery.The prototype of this 122 mm self-propelled artillery system retains the two propellers mounted one either side at the rear to provide an amphibious capability combat weight of about 21 tonnes.

Max firing range: (High Explosive): 14.5km; (Extended Range Full Bore, Hollow Base, or ERFB-HB) 21km
http://www.worldaffairsboard.com/att...e_83_dpicm.jpg

Rate of Fire: intense 6~8 rounds/min; sustained N/A

SH1

The SH1 is armed with a 155-mm / L52 howitzer. It is compatible with all standard 155-mm NATO ammunition, as well as ammunition developed by NORINCO. Claimed maximum range of fire is 53 km which was achieved with a rocket assisted V-LAP projectile using charge. In addition this artillery system is able to use indigenous precision guided munitions, based on the Russian Krasnopol technology. though this product is pure export purpose but looking at its specs its useful in the following terrain.

Main gun 155-mm howitzer
Barrel length 52 calibers
Machine guns 1 x 12.7-mm
Maximum firing range 53 km
Maximum rate of fire 6-8rnds per min
Elevation range 0 to + 70 degrees
Main gun 25 rounds
Engine diesel
Maximum road speed 90 km/h
Side slope 40%
Fording 1.2 m

AH4 155/39cal SPGH

The gun is a knockoff of M777 howitzer, Its light and very capable for a 155mm gun in PLA, its call AH4 155mm UFH, though this product is pure export purpose but looking at its specs its useful in the following terrain.

caliber 155 mm of 39 caliber
Effective range 20-24 km (15mi)

 

[Ray]

Biswas,

Some comparative photos and write up on Mines and Engineering eqpt to including bridging eqpt.

 

[Kunal Biswas]

Motars SP / TOWED..

Mortars SP / TOWED

CARRIER MORTAR TRACKED VEHICLE -81

BMP-2 Platform is used for Mounting 81mm Mortar

Crew Infantry 2 + 4
Weight (Tonnes) 13
Rate of Fire: 8-12 rnd per Min
Range: 5000m
Ammunition 108 Rounds

120mm Mortar System

A very effective light artillery weapon which fires HE, smoke and illuminating ammunition. Capable of being carried manually over short distances and transported by animal pack, towed behind a jeep and para-dropped. Provided with a base plate consisting of upper plate having a rotating socket and two housings for the clamping collar pivot axis. The lower part has three sets of ribs and spades which provide stability to the plate.

Rate of Fire: 8 to 10 rds/minute
Range :5900m Without Rocket assisted, With Rocket assisted Round the range is 8950m

81mm Mortar System Towed

A lightweight weapon, which can be easily deployed. The base plate is star shaped with rotating socket in the centre and three sets of ribs and spades which provide all round traverse without movement of the plate and ensures equipment stability in all types of ground conditions. The special steel mount is provided with buffer assembly, cross leveling device and elevating and traversing gears.

Rate of fire: 20rnd per min max
Range: 5000 M

Mortar 51 mm, E 1

A light weight, simple and effective artillery equipment at the disposal of the Platoon Commander and operable by one man.

Rate of fire: 12 R.P.M.
Range: 850 M

 

[Kunal Biswas]

Mortar Static & SP

PLA's PLL05 120mm Self-Propelled Mortar-Howitzer

The main armament is a 120mm rifled gun, with no muzzle break or fume extractor. The gun has an elevation range of -4°~+80°, and an azimuth range of 360° (in contrast to the +/-35° azimuth range of the 2S23). The maximum range is 9.5km when firing the howitzer projectile, 8.5km when firing the mortar projectile, and 1.2km when firing the HEAT projectile. The artillery could also fire the rocket-assisted mortar projectile, which has a maximum range of 12.8km. The artillery is capable of both in-direct and direct firing. Fire accuracy is attained by a fire-control system, which allows three aiming methods: automatic, semi-automatic, and manual.

While the 2S9/2S23 is manually loaded, the PLL05 is equipped with a semi-automatic loader, which gives a rate of fire of 6~8 rounds/minute (howitzer projectile), 10 rounds/minute (mortar projectile), and 4~6 rounds/minute (HE-AT projectile). The turret is fitted with a cylinder-shape electro-optical device, which may allows the use of smart ammunitions like the Russian KBP Gran laser-guided mortar round. 36 rounds are carried inside the turret and hull. Secondary weapon includes a Type 85 12.7mm anti-aircraft machine gun mounted on the commander copula. There are two sets of smoke grenade launchers in group of three, with one fitted on each side of the turret.

SM4 81mm Self-Propelled Auto-mortar

The PLA has largely copied Russia's Vasiliyek 81-mm. automatic mortar, called the W99 or SM-4, which comes in a towed version or mounted in a FAV-like vehicle. It fires four rounds in 2 sec. out to 6.2 km

120mm W84

Diameter: 120 mm long march: march 2360 mm Width: 1560 mm high march : 1080 mm a state of war the whole gun weight: 206 kg march the whole gun weight: 291 kg gun body weight: 88 kg gun rack Weight: 27 kg Block Sheet Weight: 91 kg gun length: 1540 mm grenade full Projectile Weight: 13.8 kg charge No. 0-4 muzzle velocity: 341 m / s Rate of fire: 20 rounds / minute Max range: 7700 m minimum range: 400-meter low shot circles: 45 ° -80 ° direction of fire: 4 degrees left and right

PP87 82mm Mortar

The Type 87 82mm Mortar is a Chinese infantry mortar developed developed by Norinco in 1987. It is a replacement for the older Type 67 82mm mortar used at the battalion level. An 81 mm version called the W86 was also developed for export markets.The W86 fires 82mm shells out to 5.6 km, or even 6 km with special ammunition. The W84 fires standard 82mm shells out to 4.7 km and 5.7 km with special ammunition.

Type 93 60mm Mortar

The new Type 93 60-mm. fixed mortar weighs 22.4 kg. (49.2 lb.) and fires 20 rounds/min. to 5.5 km.

QLT89 50MM Motar

QLT89 (or Type 89) is essentially a 50mm, lightweight mortar tube that can be used without giving away the firer's position on the battlefield.The weapon is mainly equipped by infantry platoons and special operations forces to provide a long range, indirect fire support against point targets, such as machinegun positions and snipers. The weapon has a very low acoustic signature, and fires smokeless, flashless ammunitions.max range by a good 300m

 

[Kunal Biswas]

Air Defence Systems

AAA/SAM will be divided Into two three Groups:

1. Towed AAA

2. Mobile AAA/SAM

3. Medium range SAMs ( 30KMS )


Towed AAA

ZU-23 TWIN

It mounts two 2A14 23 mm autocannons on a small trailer which can be converted into a stationary mount for firing the guns. While in this position the wheels are moved aside. The autocannon can be prepared for firing from the march position in 30 seconds and in emergency can be fired from the traveling position. The weapon is aimed and fired manually, with the help of the ZAP-23 optical-mechanical sight which uses manually entered target data to provide limited automatic aiming. It also has a straight-tube telescope for use against ground targets such as infantry as well as unarmored or lightly armoured vehicles. The ammo is a feed by a conveyor belt from two ammunition boxes. Each of the ammunition boxes are located on the side of the twin autocannon and each carries 50 rounds. The fumes created by firing the weapon are partially removed thorough the side openings in the barrels.

Weight 0.95 tonnes (2,094 lbs)
Length 4.57 m (15 ft)
Width 2.88 m (9.44 ft)
Height 1.22 m (4 ft)
Crew 6
Traverse 360°

* Cyclic: 2,000 rounds per minute
* Practical: 400 rounds per minute

# Effective range: 2-2.5 km (1.24-1.55 mi)
# Effective altitude: 1,500-2,000 m (4,921-6,562 ft)
# Crew: 6

40mm Bofors L/70 Anti-Aircraft Gun

The new 40 mm design used a larger 40 × 364R round firing a slightly lighter 870g shell at a much higher 1,030 m/s (3,379fps) muzzle velocity. The rate of fire was increased to 240 rounds per minute (4.0 rounds per second), unusually high for such a large round. Additionally the carriage was modified to be power-laid, the power being supplied by a generator placed on the front of the carriage.

L/70: 5,150 kg (11,400 lb)
Shell Complete round: -L/70 40x364mmR
Carriage 522 kg (1,150 lb)
Elevation L/70: -20°/+80°(57°/s)
Traverse Full 360°
L/70: 92°/s
Rate of fire L/70: 330 round/min
Maximum range L/70: 12,500 m (41,000 ft)

PG99 Twin-35mm AAA,

Type 99 35 mm AAA system, previously only available as a towed AAA piece. The system is based on a licensed Oerlikon GDF-002, and is credited with a 1175 m/s muzzle velocity, 3200 metre effective range, and 2 x 500 rounds/min rate of fire, with 360° traverse and +92° to -5° elevation.

Weight 6,700 kg (15,000 lb) (with ammunition)
Length 7.8 m (25 ft 7 in) (travelling)
Barrel length 3.15 m (10 ft 4 in) (barrel)
Shell Complete round: -
35x228mm, 1.565 kg (3 lb 7 oz)
Caliber 35 mm (1.4 in)
Carriage 4 wheels with outriggers
Elevation -5°/+92°
Traverse Full 360°
Rate of fire 550 rounds/min (per barrel)
Muzzle velocity 1,175 m/s (3,850 ft/s) (HEI-T)
Effective range Ceiling: 4,000 m (13,000 ft)

The Type 85 25 mm towed AAA piece

An indigenous 25mm cannon employing a mount closely modeled on the Russian ZU-23-2. Most are towed but the most interesting version is a self-propelled Air-Assault jeep with two MANPAD missiles also added. It's not clear if this in service but it appears a very practical system.

Weight 0.95 tonnes (2,094 lbs)
Length 4.57 m (15 ft)
Width 2.88 m (9.44 ft)
Height 1.22 m (4 ft)
Crew 6
Traverse 360°

* Cyclic: 2,000 rounds per minute
* Practical: 400 rounds per minute

# Effective range: 2-2.5 km (1.24-1.55 mi)
# Effective altitude: 1,500-2,000 m (4,921-6,562 ft)

 

[Kunal Biswas]

PLA Mobile AAA/SAM

Mobile AAA/SAM

Mounted ZU-Twin 23MM

The reason IA choose 8x8 tatra Coz it can give a good off-road capability in desert as well as in plain and mountain terrains..

Gun: ZU-23-2
* Cyclic: 2,000 rounds per minute
* Practical: 400 rounds per minute

# Effective range: 2-2.5 km (1.24-1.55 mi)
# Effective altitude: 1,500-2,000 m (4,921-6,562 ft)


Vehicle: BEML Tatra 8X8
Configuration V8
Displacement 12,667 cc
Cylinder bore 120 mm (4.7 in)
Piston stroke 140 mm (5.5 in)
Turbocharger 1
Fuel type Diesel fuel
Cooling system Air cooled
Power output

* 280 kW (375 hp) @ 1700-1750 rpm
* 325 kW (436 hp) @ 1700-1750 rpm

Torque output

* 1,800 N·m (1,300 ft·lbf) @ 1000-1200 rpm
* 2,100 N·m (1,500 ft·lbf) @ 1000-1200 rpm

Dry weight ~ 1,200 kg (2,646 lb)

Strela-10M3 SAM system

The 9K35 Strela-10 (Russian: 9К35 «Стрела-10»; English: arrow) is a highly mobile, visually aimed, optical/infra-red guided, low-altitude, short-range surface to air missile system. "9K35" is its GRAU designation; its NATO reporting name is SA-13 "Gopher".The 9K35 is a SAM system with electro-optical guidance. It has the capability to use radars for target acquisition and range. Some vehicles have a pintle-mounted PKT 7.62 mm machine gun in front of the forward hatch for local protection. Other vehicles have been seen with additional support railings for the system on the rear deck.

Weight 12,300 kg
Length 6.6 m
Width 2.85 m
Height 2.3 m (travelling), 3.8 m (firing)
Crew 3 (commander, gunner and driver)
Armour 7 mm
Primary armament 4 x 9M333 (or 9M37MD)
Engine YaMZ-238 V diesel 240 hp
Suspension torsion bar
Ground clearance 0.7 m
Fuel capacity 450 litres
Operational range 500 km
Speed 61.5 km/h (road)
6 km/h (water)


Warhead Frag-HE
Warhead weight 5 kg
Detonation
mechanism contact and laser proximity fuzes
Wingspan 360 mm
Propellant single-stage solid propellant rocket motor
Operational
range 5 kilometres (3.1 mi)
Flight altitude 3,000 metres (9,800 ft)
Speed 550 m/s
Guidance
system dual-mode passive 'photocontrast'/IR seeker

OSA AK SAM system.

The 9K33 OSA (Russian: Оса; English: wasp) is a highly mobile, low-altitude, short-range tactical surface-to-air missile system. "9K33" is its GRAU designation. Its NATO reporting name is SA-8 Gecko.The SA-8 was the first mobile air defense missile system incorporating its own engagement radars on a single vehicle.All versions of the 9K33 feature all-in-one 9A33 transporter erector launcher and radar(TELAR) vehicles which can detect, track and engage aircraft independently or with the aid of regimental surveillance radars. The 6-wheeled transport vehicles are fully amphibious and air transportable. The road range is about 500 km.

Weight 17.5 tonnes
Length 9.14 m
Width 2.75 m
Height 4.20 m (radar mast stowed)
Crew 5 soldiers
Primary
armament 6 9M33, 9M33M1, 9M33M2 or 9M33M3 missiles
Engine D20K300 diesel
Ground clearance 400 mm
Operational
range 500 km
Speed 80 km/h
8 km/h (swimming)


Warhead Frag-HE
Warhead weight 16 kg
Detonation mechanism Contact and proximity
Propellant Solid propellant rocket motor
Operational range 15 kilometres (9.3 mi)
Flight altitude 12,000 metres (39,000 ft)
Boost time 2 s boost, then 15 s sustain
Speed 1020 m/s
Guidance system RF CLOS
Steering system dual-thrust rocket motor.
Accuracy 5 m
Launch platform 9P35M2

Mounted Type 85 Twin 25 mm towed AAA

25mm cannon employing a mount closely modeled on the Russian ZU-23-2. Most are towed but the most interesting version is a self-propelled Air-Assault jeep & Truck with two MANPAD missiles also added. it appears a very practical system.

* Cyclic: 2,000 rounds per minute
* Practical: 400 rounds per minute

# Effective range: 2-2.5 km (1.24-1.55 mi)
# Effective altitude: 1,500-2,000 m (4,921-6,562 ft)

Yi Tian WZ551 Wheeled Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System

The Yi Tian wheeled self-propelled surface-to-air missile system uses the WMZ551 6x6 wheeled armoured fighting vehicle hull on which is mounted a surface-to-air missile comprising two square quad box launchers each containing a TY-90 short range short-range surface-to-air missile separated by the sensor system and mounting. The system comprises a CCD day/night sight, thermal imaging sight, laster range finder that elevate with the missile launchers. A top this is a mast mounted rotating planar array low probability of intercept (LPI) radar, designated the 825, Against a helicopter or non-stealth attack aircraft the radar provides surveillance out to 18km, tracking at 12km, engagement at 10km with the missile firing at 6km from an oncoming target. Against a cruise missile the surveillance range drops to 8km. The system can intercept at target with a maximum speed of 400 m/sec (1,440km/hr) and the system reaction time reaction time is given as between 6 – 8 secs,The vehicle weighs 16 tons, has a crew of four and is armed with a remote controlled QZZ89 12.7 x 108mm heavy machine gun mounted forward on the right hand side of the roof next to the driver. There is a small CCD optical sensor camera mounted under the gun cradle which is operated by a joystick inside the gunner's position. There are four twin 76mm smoke dischargers mounted on the roof immediately, two mounted behind the machine gun and the driver's hatch.The vehicle takes 30 seconds to prepare for firing from a cold start and two seconds to move which would assume the engine is running.

Missile dimensions: Length 1.862m; Diameter 0.09m
Launch weight: 20kg
Warhead: 3kg HE expanding rod
Propulsion: One solid-propellant rocket motor
Off-boresight capability: 60 degree
Speed: Mach 2
G Limit: 20G
Range: 0.5~6km
Guidance: All-aspect infrared

HQ-7B/FM-90 Crotale

The HQ-7 is a Chinese clone of the French Thales/Thomson CSF Crotale SAM. During the 1970s the French supplied samples of the Crotale which was promptly reverse engineered. The cloned Crotale has been built in two configurations, a high mobility variant for PLA Army units on a 4 x 4 cloned French Thomson-Hotchkiss P4R armoured vehicle, and a less mobile PLA-AF air field defence system, using either a trailer or a truck platform. Since then, derivative variants have emerged in the FM-90 series,A four round elevating tube launcher turret is used, mounting the Ku-band Automatic Command to Line Of Sight monopulse radar dish antenna. Export variants are the FM-80 and improved FM-90 with a FLIR tracker and longer ranging missiles. HQ-7/FM-80/90 batteries are typically supported by an acquisition radar system, the FM-90 usually on a new design indigenous 6 x 6 light armoured personnel carrier.

FM-90 Specifications (CNPMIEC)
Cruise Missile Target 300 m/s 30 - 6,000 m
Maximum Detection Range RCS=0.1 m 20 km
Maximum Tracking Range RCS=0.1 m 18 km
Reaction Time6.5 to 10.5 sec
Missile Maximum Velocity930 m/s

 

[Kunal Biswas]

Medium Range Mobile SAM

Kvadrat air defence systems

The SA-6 Gainful is a two stage, solid-fuel, low-altitude SAM. It has radio command guidance with semi-active radar terminal homing. The TELAR vehicle is welded with the crew compartment at the front, missiles on the turntable immediately behind the crew compartment and the engine at the rear, with the transmission at the rear of the hull. The torsion bar suspension system consists of six rubber-tired road wheels with the drive sprocket at the rear and the idler at the front. There are no track return rollers. The vehicle has an air filtration and over pressure NBC system and infra-red night vision equipment fitted as standard but the vehicle has no amphibious capability. Three SA-6 Gainful missiles are carried on a turntable which can be traversed through a full 360º with the missiles elevated on their launchers to a maximum of 85º. When traveling the turntable is normally traversed to the rear and the missiles are horizontal to reduce the overall height of the vehicle.


The foldable 28km range dish antenna is of the conical scanning type and is used for low altitude H-band sector search scans, target tracking and target illumination. The lower parabolic antenna is the G-band medium altitude target acquisition and early warning radar with a 55-75km range, with the lower feed for medium to high altitude coverage and the upper feed for low altitude coverage. The fire control radar can begin target acquisition at its maximum range of 75km, and begin tracking and illumination at 28km. The radar can only illuminate a single target and control three missiles at any one time so normal practice when a target track has been initiated is to normally order the launch of two and sometimes three weapons from one or more TELs.


Note: The Indian Army has decided to upgrade it's Kvadrat air defence systems, due to inordinate delays in the Akash missile program which was supposed to replace the Kvadrat system. The $200 million upgrade program for 100 Kvadrat (and 50 OSA-AKM) systems is being done by Warsaw-based Centrex Trading Limited, Poland's state-owned agency for defence exports, and was expected to be completed by 2002-end. It is not sure whether this has been accomplished. The upgrade package includes replacement of both air defence systems' radars, signaling equipment and radio receivers. The package also includes new digital fire-control and power-pack systems.

Warhead Frag-HE
Warhead weight 59 kg
Detonation
mechanism Contact and proximity
Wingspan 1.245 m
Propellant integral rocket motor/ramjet booster and sustainer motor
Operational
range 24 kilometres (15 mi)
Flight altitude 12,000 metres (39,000 ft)
Speed Mach 2.8
Guidance
system semi-active radar homing
Launch
platform 2P25 TEL

LY-60 / HQ-64 Aspide

The CPMIEC LY-60 is a direct clone of the Italian Selenia (Alenia) Aspide Mk.1, itself derived from the RIM-7E Sea Sparrow. This missile is frequently cited as the direct replacement for the conceptually similar but much bulkier HQ-61. Recent literature shows a four round LY-60 TEL which is based on the naval box launcher mount, similar to the US Sea Sparrow and original Aspide designs. Like the Aspide / Sparrow, the LY-60 appears in naval and mobile point defence SAM configurations, and as an AAM for fighter aircraft, designated as the FD-60 or PL-10.

The missile is a semi-active homing design, reliant on a CW illuminator which is cued by an acquisition and tracking radar. Cited battery composition is one acquisition radar, three engagement radars and six TELs, with eight support vehicles providing missile transport, backup and primary power supply, missile test, electronics maintenance, mechanical maintenance, tools and spares. The acquisition radar is likely to be a derivative of the CLC-2 series operating at 2.9 ~ 3.4 GHz, or the YLC-6M. The engagement radar is a truck mounted variant of the naval LY-60 engagement radar, which is a single channel X-band design with providing CW illumination of the target. Until recently, no good imagery was available for the radar package, specifications remain unstated. CPMIEC brochures claim the capability to engage low flying aircraft and cruise missiles. Other sources claim the capability to detect 40 targets, track 12, and engage three

LY-60/HQ-64 Specifications [Aspide Mk.1 Specification Assumed]
Missile Launch Mass 220 kg
Fuselage Diameter 0.20 m
Length 3.72 m
Wingspan 0.99 m
Warhead Mass 35 kg
Maximum Range 20 km
Minimum Range 1.3 km
Maximum Altitude 5,000 m
Minimum Altitude 15 m


LY-60/HQ-64 Battery Composition Component

LY-60 Aquisition Radar 1 6 x 6 Dong Feng
LY-60 CW Illuminator 3 6 x 6 Dong Feng
LY-60 TEL 4 Round 6 6 x 6 Dong Feng
Power Supply Primary 1
Power Supply Backup 1
Missile Test 1
Electronics / Engineering 1
Mechanical / Engineering 1
Spare Components 1
Missile Transporter/Transloader 2

 

[Kunal Biswas]

Cruise Missile Force..

BrahMos Block-III missile

The Indian Army today successfully conducted the user trial of BrahMos Block-III supersonic cruise missiles that has the ability to engage inaccessible targets inside hillocks.The test was carried out at a firing range here around 1100 hours and met all the mission parameters, sources said.The Block III version has the capability of scaling mountainous terrain and can take a steep dive to engage targets located inside hillocks which are otherwise inaccessible.This was the 25th test of the cruise missile which has already been inducted in the Army and Navy. Army has plans to induct the missile for mountain warfare.The missile has the capability to engage ground targets from a very low altitude with minimum radar signature and is considered best for surgical operations.Considered one of the fastest cruise missiles in the world, BrahMos can gain a speed of Mach 2.8. It has a two-stage propulsion system, with a solid-propellant rocket for initial acceleration and a liquid-fuelled ramjet responsible for sustained supersonic cruise range is 300kms..

CJ-10

The CJ-10 (simplified Chinese: 长剑-10; traditional Chinese: 長劍-10; pinyin: Cháng Jiàn 10) is a land attack cruise missile (LACM) currently in service with the Second Artillery Corps of the People's Republic of China. It is the first of the Changjian (literally "long sword") series of cruise missiles, Operational range is 2,500km, At speed of Mach 2.5+, It is not know this missile is deployed in Tibet but its a probably be..

 

[Kunal Biswas]

Comparison between Cruise missile been made on page Number 2, post no #22:
http://defenceforumindia.com/milita...-vs-indian-army-lac-**-read-2.html#post209701

 

[Ray]

Why are we comparing the numbers of various equipment?

Numbers or Types do not give the comprehensive military comparison.

The military might is the result of:

1. The Strategic Aim.

2. The Comprehensive National Power which is calculated numerically by combining various quantitative indices to create a single number held to measure the power of a nation-state. These indices take into account both military factors (known as hard power) and economic and cultural factors (known as soft power).

3. The Topography.

4. The Domestic Defence Industry or the ability of having an uninterrupted flow of weapons and equipment in the event of a conflict.

5. Operational tenets and application.

6. International and regional geopolitics and geostrategy.

China has a larger land mass to defend and yet,by deft diplomacy, they may have neutralised some adversaries and hence would required less attention to that sector in event of a war with another adversary.

 

[Ray]

Yusuf,

You washed the post as Badguy desired?