Rahul92
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Black Arrow, officially capitalised BLACK ARROW,[3] was a British satellite carrier rocket. Developed during the 1960s, it was used for four launches between 1969 and 1971. Its final flight was the first successful orbital launch to be conducted by the United Kingdom, and placed the Prospero satellite into low Earth orbit.[2]
Black Arrow originated from studies by the Royal Aircraft Establishment for carrier rockets based on the Black Knight rocket,[4] with the project being authorised in 1964. It was initially developed by Saunders-Roe, and later Westland Aircraft as the result of a merger.
Black Arrow was a three-stage rocket, fuelled by RP-1 paraffin and high test peroxide, a concentrated form of hydrogen peroxide.[5] It was retired after only four launches in favour of using American Scout rockets, which the Ministry of Defence calculated to be cheaper than maintaining the Black Arrow programme.
The Minister of State for Trade and Industry, Frederick Corfield, announced the cancellation of the Black Arrow project in the House of Commons on 29 July 1971. As the R3 rocket had already been shipped to the launch site, the second stage having arrived three days earlier, permission was given for it to be launched.[2]
The programme was cancelled on economic grounds, as the Ministry of Defence decided that it would be cheaper to use the American Scout rocket, which had a similar payload capacity, for future launches.[6] Prior to the cancellation of Black Arrow, NASA had offered to launch British payloads for free; however, this offer was withdrawn following the decision to cancel Black Arrow.[2]
The final Black Arrow to be completed was R4, which did not fly, and is preserved in the Science Museum, London, along with the flight spare for the Prospero satellite.[23] A replica of the Black Arrow rocket stands in the Rocket Park at Woomera. In addition, the remains of the first stage of Black Arrow R3 were recovered from the Anna Creek cattle station and are displayed in the William Creek Memorial Park.
he launch facilities at Woomera were demolished within a year of the final flight,[4] and half of the engineers who had worked on the programme were laid off.[18] The X-4 satellite, which had been manifested for launch by Black Arrow R4, was eventually launched on 9 March 1974, by an American Scout D-1 rocket flying from Space Launch Complex 5 at the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.[25]
As of 2011, the United Kingdom is the only country to have successfully developed and then abandoned a satellite launch capability.[26] All other countries that have developed such a capability have either retained it through their own space programme or, in the case of France, through its involvement in the Ariane programme.[24]
budget does count also
suparco budget is way too small
but one should not forgot that suparco launched a sounding rocket in early 60's and ISRO was yet to be formed
but now isro is decades ahead
budget does count also
suparco budget is way too small
but one should not forgot that suparco launched a sounding rocket in early 60's and ISRO was yet to be formed
but now isro is decades ahead
well waiting for GSLV to prove its mettle with bated breath. BTW, ESA is a consortium of 19 nations, so not that difficult to master cutting edge technology for them.Putting the european space agency behind India totally discredits this. Fanboys stuff with no logic or reason given.
India is yet to have a successful heavy launcher and depends on ESA for it.
It's about entities and not nations.well waiting for GSLV to prove its mettle with bated breath. BTW, ESA is a consortium of 19 nations, so not that difficult to master cutting edge technology for them.
It says Space agency for some European countries... otherwise French Space agency should be ahead ...Putting the european space agency behind India totally discredits this. Fanboys stuff with no logic or reason given.
India is yet to have a successful heavy launcher and depends on ESA for it.
I stand corrected as European space agency is French only..It says Space agency for some European countries... otherwise French Space agency should be ahead ...
Gazi or Paazi ..??can pls load any video iam dying to see GAZI rocket
Gazi or Paazi ..??