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It appears that while the number of graduates are not less, jobs are not there for the picking in China.Does China have enough jobs for college graduates? – 招工难,难在哪?
Transcript · 文å—实录
冯欣:很多ä¸å›½çš„大å¦æ¯•ä¸šç”Ÿç»å¸¸è‡ªå˜²ï¼Œè‡ªå·±çš„"毕业ç‰äºŽå¤±ä¸š", 但是人力资æºå’Œç¤¾ä¼šä¿éšœéƒ¨æœ€æ–°çš„一份就业报告显示,岗ä½ç©ºç¼ºå…¶å®žå¤§äºŽæ±‚èŒçš„äººæ•°ã€‚æ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆé€ æˆäº†ç”¨äººå•ä½çš„"招工难"?åˆæ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆè®©æ±‚èŒè€…难以找到这些招工的雇主?在这个毕业å£ï¼Œã€Šè§£æžä¸å›½ã€‹å°†ç”¨ä¸¤æœŸèŠ‚目为您深度解æžè¿™äº›é—®é¢˜ã€‚第一期关注"ä¾›",æ供工作的人,第二期关注"求",寻求工作的人。首先让我们å¬å¬æ‹›è˜ä¼šä¸Šçš„雇主们都怎么说
Feng Xin: Many college graduates often mock their graduation as a "ceremony of unemployment". But the latest job market report from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security shows the jobs available actually outnumber job seekers. What makes it difficult for employers to recruit enough workers? And what makes it difficult for job seekers to find such employers? This graduation season, Digest China will present a two-part series taking a close look at these questions. The first episode will focus on those who supply jobs, and the second part will look at those who demand jobs. First, let's go to a couple of job fairs to find out what employers have to say.
记者:从用人å•ä½çš„角度æ¥è®²ï¼Œæ‚¨è®¤ä¸ºæ‹›å·¥éš¾å—?
Respondent: From an employer's point of view, is it difficult to recruit workers?
å—访者:现在æ¥è¯´ï¼Œæ‹›åˆ°åˆé€‚的人员确实是比较难的
Respondent: It is difficult to recruit the right people.
å—访者:我们今年尤其感觉比较难。å¦çŽ‡åœ°è®²ï¼Œé«˜ç«¯çš„ã€ç ”å‘类的人æ‰ï¼ŒåŒ…括工程技术人员比较难。
Respondent: We find this year particularly hard. High-end, research and development and engineering staff members are difficult to recruit.
记者:您能具体给我讲一下难在哪里å—?
Reporter: Can you tell me specifically what makes it difficult to recruit workers?
å—访者:现在å¦ç”Ÿä¸€æ¥å…¥ç¤¾ä¼šæ„Ÿè§‰ç‰¹åˆ«è¿·èŒ«ï¼Œæœ‰çš„是ä¸çŸ¥é“è‡ªå·±æƒ³æ‰¾ä»€ä¹ˆæ ·å·¥ä½œã€‚
Respondent: Graduates are confused when they step into society. Some have no idea what kind of jobs they are looking for.
å—访者:最大困难就是跟所有的人讲解,这是很大的困难,我觉得现在大å¦ç”Ÿå¤§éƒ¨åˆ†ä¸åŽ»äº†è§£å…¬å¸ï¼Œå¯¹ä¼ä¸šæ–‡åŒ–了解ä¸æ˜¯å¾ˆæ·±ï¼Œä»–(们)是盲目地去投简历。
Respondent: The biggest difficulty is explaining (the job) to everyone. I think most graduates don't spend time learning about the company. They know little about the company's entrepreneurial culture but blindly send their resumes.
å—访者:怎么讲呢?比如说他在我这工作大概两三个月,或者说时间ä¸å¤ªé•¿ï¼Œå°±å¯èƒ½å‘生离èŒè¿™ç§çŽ°è±¡ã€‚
Respondent:For example, some may work here for only two to three months before quitting the job.
å—访者:过去招工我们是一年招一次,现在å˜æˆå¸¸æ€åŒ–çš„äº†ï¼Œå‡ ä¹Žå¯èƒ½ä¸¤ä¸‰ä¸ªæœˆå°±å¾—æ¥æ‹›ï¼Œäººå‘˜å˜åŠ¨ç‰¹åˆ«å¤§ã€‚
Respondent: In the past, we recruited new employees once a year, but now we do it regularly. We almost have to recruit every two or three months. Employees flow quite frequently.
å—访者:应è˜è€…都是站在自己的角度去æ€è€ƒï¼Œå°±æ˜¯è¯´è¿™ä¼ä¸šä½ 能给我多少,给我多少钱,我æ‰åŽ»ä½ 那里é¢è¯•ã€‚
Respondent: Job seekers all think from their own stance. They only care about the salary offered even before attending a job interview.
å—访者:他们有时候å¯èƒ½æŠŠè‡ªå·±æƒ³å¾—太高了,就是咱们通常说的眼高手低。
Respondent: They sometimes think too highly of themselves.
å—访者:连他们自己都ä¸çŸ¥é“去选择什么行业, 难就难在这了。
Respondent: The difficulty lies in the fact that they don't even know what job they want.
记者:招è˜çš„过程ä¸ï¼Œåº”è˜è€…比较关注的问题有哪些?
Reporter:What issues do job seekers care about most when looking for a job?
å—访者:薪金,主è¦å°±æ˜¯è–ªé‡‘,还有未æ¥çš„å‘展空间。
Respondent: Salary. Mainly salary. And also their future development.
记者:在招工的过程ä¸ï¼Œæœ‰å“ªäº›ç´ è´¨æ˜¯ä½ ä»¬ç”¨äººå•ä½çœ‹é‡ï¼Œè€Œåº”è˜è€…å´æ™®é比较缺ä¹çš„?
Reporter:What qualities do you value and expect from job candidates but most of whom lack?
å—访者:æ€åº¦å§ï¼Œç¬¬ä¸€ç‚¹ã€‚这个招è˜ä¼šå¸‚场这么多人在招è˜ï¼Œç”šè‡³æˆ‘们é¢è¯•å®˜æ¯”这些应è˜çš„éƒ½å¤šï¼Œä»–ä»¬è§‰å¾—æ— æ‰€è°“ï¼Œæˆ‘å¯ä»¥å†é€‰æ‹©ä¸‹ä¸€ä¸ªã€‚
Respondent: First of all, attitude. There are many employers in this job market – even more than job seekers. They think it doesn't matter, because they can always choose the next (employer).
å—访者:对自己的一ç§è§„划性,很多人是看ä¸æ¸…自己的。
Respondent: Self-planning. Many people can't see themselves through.
å—访者:我最看ä¸çš„是他的å¦ä¹ 能力。
Respondent: I value most the ability to learn.
å—访者:就是对文化的认åŒæ„Ÿå§ã€‚
Respondent: A sense of company identity.
记者:那如果让您用一个è¯æ¥å½¢å®¹æ‹›å·¥çš„过程,您会用什么è¯å‘¢ï¼Ÿ
Reporter:Which word would you choose to describe the process of recruitment?
å—访者:摸ç€çŸ³å¤´è¿‡æ²³ã€‚
Respondent: Wade across the stream by feeling the way. (Chinese idiom)
å—è®¿è€…ï¼šçº ç»“å§ã€‚
Respondent: Struggling.
å—访者:磨练,我觉得这是对我自己(的)一个磨练。
Respondent: Exercise. I think it's an exercise for myself.
用人å•ä½ä¸ºä»€ä¹ˆæ‹›ä¸åˆ°è¶³å¤Ÿçš„人?更é‡è¦çš„是,åˆé€‚的人?在回ç”这个问题之å‰ï¼Œè®©æˆ‘们先看一下事情的全貌。
What makes it difficult for employers to recruit enough workers, and more importantly, ideal workers? Before answering this question, let's take a look at the big picture.
2011年,用人å•ä½å…±æ‹›è˜äººå‘˜è¿‘2070万次,有1960万人求èŒã€‚也就是说,æ¯100个求èŒè€…相对应的岗ä½æ˜¯108个。2012年第一å£åº¦ï¼Œè¿™ä¸€æ¯”例上å‡è‡³100比108,这些数æ®æ¥è‡ªäººåŠ›èµ„æºå’Œç¤¾ä¼šä¿éšœéƒ¨å¯¹å…¨å›½100多个城市劳动市场的监测。
In 2011, China provided nearly 20.7 million jobs for 19.6 million job seekers. This means for every 100 candidates there were 106 jobs available. The ratio went up to 100:108 in the first quarter of 2012. These numbers come from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security's job-market monitoring of about 100 Chinese cities.
2011年,ä¸å›½çš„第三产业需è¦çš„人数最多,å 总用人需求的59%。相比之下,第二产业约å 40%,第一产业1.8%。但是从2001年到2011年,第三产业,如æœåŠ¡ä¸šå’Œæ‰¹å‘零售业需求的人数下é™äº†13%ã€‚ç¬¬äºŒäº§ä¸šï¼Œå¦‚åˆ¶é€ ä¸šå’Œå»ºç‘业需求的人数增长了13%。百分之八å八的用人å•ä½å¯¹æ±‚èŒè€…的文化程度有è¦æ±‚,大部分(38.5%)è¦æ±‚求èŒè€…有高ä¸æ–‡åŒ–程度,这38.5%ä¸ï¼Œæœ‰è¶…过60%的用人å•ä½è¦æ±‚ä¸ç‰èŒä¸šæŠ€æœ¯å¦åŽ†ã€‚在所有对文化程度有è¦æ±‚的用人å•ä½ä¸ï¼Œåªæœ‰8.5ï¼…è¦æ±‚求èŒè€…有大å¦å¦åŽ†ã€‚
As of 2011, China's tertiary industry demanded the most employees, taking up to 59 percent of all job seekers, whereas the second industry took up around 40 percent and the primary industry, 1.8 percent. However, the tertiary industry, with fields like services and retail, needed 13 percent fewer employees between 2001 and 2011, whereas the second industry, which includes manufacturing and construction among others, needed 13 percent more. Eighty-eight percent of employers have specific education requirements for job candidates. Many require a high school education. Of that 38.5 percent, more than 60 percent require professional diplomas. Of employers who do have education requirements, only 8.5 percent require university diplomas or bachelor's degrees.
这些年ä¸å›½åŠ³åŠ¨å¸‚场究竟有什么å˜åŒ–?我们在演æ’室电è¯é‡‡è®¿äº†ä¸å›½å°±ä¸šä¿ƒè¿›ä¼šå‰¯ä¼šé•¿é™ˆå®‡ã€‚
How has China's job market changed over the years? We called Chen Yu from our studio. He is the vice-chairman of the China Association for Employment Promotion.
å†¯æ¬£ï¼šé™ˆå‰¯ä¼šé•¿ï¼Œè¿™å‡ å¹´æˆ‘ä»¬å›½å®¶çš„å°±ä¸šå½¢åŠ¿å‘生了什么å˜åŒ–?
Feng Xin: Mr Chen, how has China's job market changed in recent years?
é™ˆå®‡ï¼šè¿‡åŽ»æˆ‘ä»¬æ˜¯ä¸¤å¤´ï¼Œä¸€å¤´æ˜¯ä½Žç´ è´¨çš„ã€åŠ³åŠ¨èƒ½åŠ›æ¯”较弱的群体就业有困难,主è¦æ˜¯å†œæ°‘工,也包括下岗å†å°±ä¸šçš„人员;还有一组困难的群体,就是大å¦ç”Ÿã€‚è¿™å‡ å¹´å°±å‡ºçŽ°ä¸€ä¸ªæ–°çš„æƒ…å†µï¼Œå†œæ°‘å·¥æ˜¯è¶Šæ¥è¶Šä¸å›°éš¾äº†ï¼Œå¤§å¦ç”Ÿå°±ä¸šå›°éš¾ï¼Œè€Œä¸”越æ¥è¶Šå›°éš¾ã€‚
Chen Yu: In the past, two groups had difficulties (finding jobs). One consisted of people with limited education and capability, who were mainly migrant workers and laid-off workers. Another group was college graduates. (But) a new phenomenon emerged in recent years. It's getting less difficult for migrant workers to find jobs but even more difficult for college graduates.
冯欣:这个å˜åŒ–是从什么时候开始的?
Feng Xin: Since when did this occur?
陈宇:大概应该是从最近五年,å¯èƒ½æ˜¯è¿™æ ·ä¸¤ä¸ªåŽŸå› :农民工这边,农民工的年龄结构和诉求都å‘生å˜åŒ–,现在90åŽçš„农民工,他们ä¸ä¼šåªæ»¡è¶³äºŽæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªå·¥ä½œï¼ŒæŒ£ä¸€ä»½å·¥èµ„ï¼Œä½ ç”¨è¿‡åŽ»çš„å»‰ä»·åŠ³åŠ¨åŠ›çš„æ”¿ç–æ¥å¸å¼•ä»–们已ç»æ˜¯ä¸å¯èƒ½äº†ã€‚大å¦ç”Ÿçš„é—®é¢˜æ˜¯è¿™æ ·ï¼Œæˆ‘ä»¬å›½å®¶çš„å¤§å¦æ‰©æ‹›ç¬¬ä¸€æ‰¹æ¯•ä¸šç”Ÿåº”该是在2003年,就是从2003到2012è¿™å年内,大å¦æ¯•ä¸šç”Ÿçš„äººæ•°ä»Žä¸€ç™¾ä¸‡å¢žåŠ åˆ°ä¸ƒç™¾ä¸‡ï¼ŒåŠ³åŠ¨åŠ›å¸‚åœºä¸Šå¤§å¦ç”Ÿçš„供给越æ¥è¶Šå¤šï¼Œä½†æ˜¯ä¸å›½çš„ç»æµŽå§‹ç»ˆè¿˜æ˜¯å¤„在全çƒäº§ä¸šé“¾çš„ä½Žç«¯ï¼Œå®ƒå¯¹é«˜ç´ è´¨ã€é«˜æŠ€èƒ½åŠ³åŠ¨è€…的需求是有é™çš„。
Chen Yu: About five years ago. I think there were two reasons. In terms of migrant workers, their age and requests have changed significantly. Many migrant workers who were born in the 1990s are no longer satisfied with making a simple living. It's no longer possible to attract them with a cheap-labor policy. In terms of college graduates, the expansion of college admission has brought significant changes. The first batch of students (of the expansion) graduated in 2003. From 2003 to 2012, the number of college graduates increased from 1 million to 7 million. Although there are more college graduates in the labor market, China has limited needs toward qualified and high-skilled workers, because its economy is still at the bottom end of the global industrial chain.
虽然岗ä½ç©ºç¼ºå¤§äºŽæ±‚èŒäººæ•°ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯è¦æ±‚大å¦å¦åŽ†çš„用人å•ä½å´å¾ˆæœ‰é™ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆä¸å›½å¤§å¦ç”Ÿçš„就业情况究竟如何呢?
Although it seems China has more jobs available than job seekers, those jobs that require a college degree are quite limited. At what rate are China's college graduates finding employment?
ä¸‰æœˆï¼Œä¸€å®¶ç‹¬ç«‹ç ”ç©¶æœºæž„ï¼Œéº¦å¯æ€ç ”究院对ä¸å›½2000多所大å¦çš„25万å大å¦æ¯•ä¸šç”Ÿè¿›è¡Œäº†é—®å·è°ƒæŸ¥ã€‚æ ¹æ®éº¦å¯æ€çš„ç ”ç©¶æŠ¥å‘Šï¼Œ2011年,ä¸å›½æœ‰600多万å大å¦æ¯•ä¸šç”Ÿï¼Œå…¶ä¸ï¼Œ90.2%在毕业åŽ6个月找到了工作。这家机构还å‘现,2008届大å¦æ¯•ä¸šç”Ÿæ¯•ä¸šä¸‰å¹´å†…,平å‡ä¸º2.3个雇主工作过。
In March, My China Occupational Skills, or MyCOS, an independent research institute, conducted a survey of more than 250,000 college graduates from more than 2,000 Chinese universities and colleges. According to MyCOS, China had 6 million college graduates in 2011, and 90.2 percent of them found jobs six months after they graduated. The institute also found that on average college graduates of 2008 worked for 2.3 employers in three years.
æˆ‘ä»¬æ€Žæ ·ç†è§£è¿™äº›æ•°å—?我们采访了麦å¯æ€çš„ç ”ç©¶æ€»ç›‘éƒå¨‡ã€‚
What do these numbers mean? We directed our questions to Guo Jiao, MyCOS' chief research officer.
冯欣:有人说现在大å¦ç”Ÿçš„竞争力还ä¸å¦‚农民工,对于这ç§è§‚点,您怎么看?
Feng Xin: Some say nowadays college students are not even as competitive as migrant workers. What do you think of this opinion?
éƒå¨‡ï¼šé¦–先,我觉得ä¸å›½å¤§å¦ç”Ÿçš„竞争对手ä¸æ˜¯æ°‘工,也ä¸æ˜¯ä¸èŒæ¯•ä¸šç”Ÿï¼Œå› 为他们所从事的(行业)还是比较高端的,ä¸ç®¡æ˜¯æŠ€æœ¯åž‹ã€åº”ç”¨åž‹ï¼Œè¿˜æ˜¯ç ”ç©¶åž‹çš„è¿™æ ·ä¸€äº›å·¥ä½œæ˜¯æ°‘å·¥æ— æ³•å®Œæˆçš„。而且很多社会上的这ç§æ¯”较,是把一个刚刚è¸ä¸ŠèŒåœºçš„ã€æ–°é²œçš„大å¦æ¯•ä¸šç”Ÿï¼Œè·Ÿä¸€ä¸ªå¯èƒ½å·²ç»æœ‰å¾ˆå¤šå¹´ç»éªŒçš„æ°‘å·¥æ¥æ¯”较,而且åªæ˜¯ä»–ä»¬åœ¨å½“æ—¶çš„æ”¶å…¥æ°´å¹³ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ æŠŠä¸€ä¸ªåŒæ ·æ²¡æœ‰ç»éªŒçš„大å¦ç”Ÿå’Œæ°‘工比较ã€å¦‚æžœä½ å¯ä»¥åŒæ—¶è·Ÿè¸ªä»–们三年到五年看他们以åŽæ”¶å…¥çš„增长情况,他们在用人å•ä½é‡Œé¢èŒä½çš„晋å‡æƒ…况,我相信刚æ‰é‚£ä¸ªç»“论å¯èƒ½ä¼šè¢«æ”¹å†™ã€‚
Guo Jiao: First, I don't think migrant workers or vocational school graduates are competing with college graduates, because the latter are still engaged in more intellectually oriented jobs. There are certain jobs that migrant workers are not able to do, like those related to research, technology and application. Nowadays there are a lot of such comparisons, which compares a fresh college graduate with possibly a very experienced migrant worker as well as their current income levels. But if you compare a fresh college graduate with a novice migrant worker, and look at their income levels and promotion in three or five years, I believe it would be a different scenario.
冯欣:所以就是说,看三年到五年长期的情况其实更é‡è¦ã€‚
Feng Xin: So, it's more important to look at the question with a long–term perspective.
éƒå¨‡ï¼šå¯¹ï¼Œè€Œä¸”è¦çœ‹ä»–们原æ¥æœ‰æ²¡æœ‰ç›¸å…³çš„ã€ä»Žäº‹è¿™ä¸ªè¡Œä¸šçš„ç»éªŒã€‚
Guo Jiao: Yes, and we also need to see if they have any relevant experience.
冯欣:在我们的街访ä¸ï¼Œå¾ˆå¤šç”¨äººå•ä½çš„雇主åæ˜ ä»–ä»¬æ‹›çš„å¾ˆå¤šå¤§å¦ç”Ÿï¼Œæœ‰çš„甚至在三个月就æ¢äº†å·¥ä½œï¼Œå°±ç¦»èŒäº†ï¼Œç„¶åŽä»–们的æµåŠ¨æ€§å¾ˆå¤§ï¼Œæ‚¨æ€Žä¹ˆæ ·çœ‹å¾…è¿™ç§çŽ°è±¡ï¼Ÿ
Feng Xin: In our street interviews, many employers said a lot of college graduates quit their jobs within three months. Their mobility is very high. What do you think of this?
éƒå¨‡ï¼šè¿™ç§ç¦»èŒçŽ‡éƒ½æ˜¯ç”±æ¯•ä¸šç”Ÿä¸»åŠ¨æ出的,主è¦åŽŸå› 我们当时追问了,就是ä¸ç¬¦åˆä»–的期待,å¯èƒ½ç¦åˆ©ã€æ”¶å…¥æ–¹é¢å低。所以,一方é¢æˆ‘会觉得这ä¸ä¸€å®šæ˜¯ä¸€ä»¶åçš„äº‹æƒ…ï¼Œå› ä¸ºè¯´æ˜ŽçŽ°åœ¨åŠ³åŠ¨åŠ›å¸‚åœºæ供了一些空间,让毕业生å¯ä»¥è‡ªç”±åœ°é€‰æ‹©ï¼›ä½†æ˜¯å¦ä¸€æ–¹é¢ï¼Œä¸ç®¡æ˜¯å¯¹ç”¨äººå•ä½ï¼Œè¿˜æ˜¯å¯¹æ¯•ä¸šç”Ÿæ¥è¯´ï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯å¯¹ä»–们的一个(æŸå¤±ï¼‰ï¼Œä¸ç®¡æ˜¯ä»–投入的时间,接å—的培è®ï¼Œéƒ½æ˜¯ä¸€ç§æŸå¤±ã€‚所以从一开始应è˜çš„过程,到进入用人å•ä½å¯¹ä»–å…¥èŒçš„培è®ã€å¯¹ä»–以åŽå‘展空间的规划,我觉得这是需è¦ç”¨äººå•ä½å’Œæ¯•ä¸šç”ŸåŒæ–¹ä¸€èµ·æ¥è§£å†³çš„问题。
Guo Jiao: Such resignation is brought up by college graduates themselves. We asked about the reasons. It's mainly because the salary and welfare are lower than their expectations. Therefore, on the one hand, I don't necessarily think it's a bad thing, because it shows the labor market provides college graduates with some free options. But on the other hand, it's a loss for both employers and college graduates in terms of the time and effort they invested. Therefore, I think employers and graduates should work problems out together from the very beginning of recruitment, to training and to the employee's future development.
如果大å¦æ¯•ä¸šç”Ÿå’Œç”¨äººå•ä½èƒ½ä¸€èµ·è§£å†³é—®é¢˜ï¼Œé‚£æ˜¯å†å¥½ä¸è¿‡çš„了,但是在我们的采访ä¸ï¼Œé›‡ä¸»ä»¬ä¼¼ä¹Žå¯¹å¤§å¦ç”Ÿæœ‰å¾ˆå¤šæŒ‡æŽ§ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥ï¼Œæˆ‘们å†æ¬¡æŠŠé—®é¢˜æ给了陈宇。
It would be ideal if employers and college graduates could work problems out together, but from our interviews with employers, it seems they have quite a few complaints about college graduates. So again, we spoke to Chen Yu.
冯欣:陈副会长,我们看到用人å•ä½ç»å¸¸è¯´æ‹›äººå¹¶ä¸éš¾ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯æ‹›åˆ°åˆé€‚çš„äººç‰¹åˆ«éš¾ï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆåŽŸå› å‘¢?
Feng Xin: Mr Chen, we often hear employers say it's not difficult to recruit people but very difficult to recruit the right people. Why is that?
陈宇:问题的实质就在这个地方。æ¯ä¸€ä¸ªä¼ä¸šéƒ½éœ€è¦èƒ½äººï¼Œéƒ½éœ€è¦æœ‰ç»éªŒã€æœ‰ä¸“业知识ã€åˆ›é€ 性ã€èƒ½åŠ¨æ€§çš„人。但是实际上,在èŒåœºä¸Šä½ 会看到,真æ£æ•¬ä¸šçš„员工在整个èŒå·¥é˜Ÿä¼ä¸åªå 一个很å°çš„比例,美国的统计是20%到30%,50ï¼…ä»¥ä¸Šçš„å‘˜å·¥æ˜¯å½“ä¸€å¤©å’Œå°šæ’žä¸€å¤©é’Ÿï¼Œå°±æ˜¯ä½ è®©æˆ‘å¹²ä»€ä¹ˆæˆ‘å°±å¹²ä»€ä¹ˆï¼Œè¿˜æœ‰20ï¼…çš„äººæ ¹æœ¬ä¸é€‚应èŒåœºï¼Œæ¥ä¸Šç就很痛苦,这是美国的情况,我认为全世界的èŒåœºéƒ½æ˜¯è¿™æ ·ã€‚
Chen Yu: That's the core of the problem. Every company needs capable people with experience, professional skills, creativity and motivation. But you will see those really dedicated employees only take up a small proportion of all workers. A US survey found the percentage lies between 20 percent and 30 percent. More than 50 percent of employees drift through each day and only do whatever they are asked to do. Another 20 percent don't fit into the workplace and feel pained to go to work. This is in the US, but I think it applies to workplaces worldwide.
冯欣:我们采访的一些雇主还告诉我们,他们认为现在的大å¦ç”Ÿæ™®éå˜åœ¨ä¸€ä¸ªé—®é¢˜ï¼Œå°±æ˜¯è‡ªå·±ä¸æƒ³ç€ä¸ºä¼ä¸šåˆ›é€ 价值,å而对自己定ä½ä¸å‡†ï¼Œé«˜ä¼°è‡ªå·±çš„价值,å‘ä¼ä¸šç´¢è¦é«˜è–ªã€é«˜èŒã€é«˜ç¦åˆ©ã€‚您怎么看待ä¼ä¸šå¯¹å¤§å¦ç”Ÿçš„è¿™ç§æŒ‡æŽ§ï¼Ÿ
Feng Xin: Some employers told us they believe there is a wide problem existing among college graduates. They think many graduates never try to create value for their companies but think too highly of themselves by asking for higher salaries, positions and welfare. What do you think of such complaints?
é™ˆå®‡ï¼šå› ä¸ºä¼ä¸šã€èŒåœºæ˜¯ç¡¬çº¦æŸï¼Œå®ƒä¸æ˜¯æ…ˆå–„机构,也ä¸æ˜¯ä¹‰åŠ¡æ•™è‚²ã€‚å®ƒç”¨äººçš„ç›®æ ‡å°±æ˜¯ä¸ºæœ¬ä¼ä¸šåˆ›é€ 价值ã€åˆ›é€ 利润,所以我就说这个å«"硬约æŸ"。åªæœ‰ä½ æœä»Žå®ƒï¼Œæ²¡æœ‰å®ƒæœä»Žä½ 的。
Chen Yu: Companies and employers exercise hard constraints. They are neither charity organizations nor schools offering compulsory education. Their primary goal is to make a profit. That's why I call it "hard constraints", meaning employees are the ones to follow rules, not the other way round.
招工者也许对大å¦æ¯•ä¸šç”Ÿæœ‰è¯¸å¤šæŠ±æ€¨ï¼Œä½†åŽè€…是å¦å°±åº”该付全部责任呢?我们电è¯é‡‡è®¿äº†21ä¸–çºªæ•™è‚²ç ”ç©¶é™¢å‰¯é™¢é•¿ç†Šä¸™å¥‡ã€‚
While employers might have complaints about college graduates, are the latter the only party to be blamed? We also called Xiong Bingqi, the vice-president at the 21 Century Education Research Institute.
熊丙奇:用人å•ä½è‚¯å®šé€‰æ‹©ä¼ä¸šåˆ©ç›Šçš„最大化,但是有的时候也è¦è€ƒè™‘到å¦ç”Ÿçš„薪资待é‡çš„è¦æ±‚ï¼Œå› ä¸ºåªè€ƒè™‘到å•æ–¹é¢çš„利益没有一个åŒèµ¢çš„æ€åŠ¿ï¼Œå…¶å®žä¹Ÿå¾ˆéš¾å½¢æˆé•¿ä¹…çš„åˆä½œå…³ç³»ã€‚我们注æ„到,现在在求èŒåº”è˜è¿‡ç¨‹ä¸é—´æœ‰å¾ˆå¤šéœ¸çŽ‹æ¡æ¬¾ï¼Œè¿˜æœ‰å¾ˆå¤šå•ä½è¿˜æ˜¯ä»¥ä½Žå»‰çš„劳动力æ¥å¯¹å¾…大å¦ç”Ÿï¼Œè¿™ä¸ªå®žé™…上是ä¸ç¬¦åˆä¼ä¸šçš„长年战略的,也ä¸å¯èƒ½è®©è¿™ä¸ªä¼ä¸šå˜æˆä¸€ä¸ªéžå¸¸å¼ºå¤§çš„å…¬å¸ã€‚
Xiong Bingqi: It's natural for employers to maximize profits, but they also need to think about graduates' request on salaries. Without a win-win attitude, between employers and employees, it would be difficult to establish long-term cooperation. We can find there are a lot of unfair conditions for employees during recruitment. Many employers still treat college students as cheap laborers. This is in fact not helpful for the company's long-term development. Nor will it make the company grow bigger.
冯欣:熊åšå£«ï¼Œä¸€äº›é›‡ä¸»è¿˜å‘Šè¯‰æˆ‘们他们é¢ä¸´çš„ä¸€ä¸ªé—®é¢˜ï¼Œä¹Ÿæ˜¯é€ æˆä»–ä»¬æ‹›å·¥éš¾çš„ä¸€ä¸ªåŽŸå› ï¼Œå°±æ˜¯å¤§å¦ç”Ÿåœ¨çŸæœŸå†…跳槽ã€ç¦»èŒçš„现象比较严é‡ã€‚我们获得的一个数æ®æ˜¾ç¤º40%多的大å¦ç”Ÿï¼Œåœ¨æ¯•ä¸šä¸‰å¹´å†…æ¢äº†å·¥ä½œï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆæ‚¨æ€Žä¹ˆçœ‹å¾…è¿™ç§çŽ°è±¡å‘¢ï¼Ÿ
Dr Xiong, some employers told us another problem they are facing, which also contributes to the difficulty in recruiting employees. That is, it's quite common for college graduates to quit their jobs after a short period. We learned that more than 40 percent of college graduates have changed jobs within three years of their graduation. What do you think of this?
熊丙奇:我觉得两个关键的问题:一个问题是ä¼ä¸šçš„问题,就是我们的ä¼ä¸šæ˜¯ä¸æ˜¯æœ‰èƒ½åŠ›ç•™ä½æˆ‘们的大å¦ç”Ÿï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªå¾ˆå…³é”®çš„ï¼Œä½ ä¸èƒ½åŽ»æŠŠè´£ä»»å…¨éƒ¨æŽ¨ç»™å¦ç”Ÿã€‚我们å¯ä»¥æ³¨æ„到,现在很多ä¼ä¸šå…¶å®žå·²ç»å½¢æˆå¾ˆä¸¥é‡çš„æ¶æ€§å¾ªçŽ¯äº†ï¼Œå°±æ˜¯å®ƒæ‹›æ¥å¦ç”Ÿå°±æƒ³æ´¾ä¸Šç”¨åœºï¼Œé©¬ä¸Šå°±ç»™å…¬å¸åˆ›é€ 价值,ä¸æ„¿ç»™æ–°è¿›æ¥çš„大å¦ç”Ÿè¿›è¡ŒåŸ¹è®ï¼Œå› 为他们也ä¹äºŽåŽ»åœ¨å…¶ä»–çš„å•ä½æŒ–那些毕业一两年的å¦ç”Ÿè¿‡æ¥å·¥ä½œã€‚所以说,那些å¦ç”Ÿæ€Žä¹ˆè·³æ§½çš„ï¼Ÿå°±è¿™æ ·è·³æ§½çš„ï¼Œå°±æ˜¯æˆ‘ä»¬å¾ˆå¤šä¼ä¸šæ€¥åŠŸè¿‘利,çŸæœŸçš„行为导致了这ç§çŸæœŸè·³æ§½è¶Šæ¥è¶Šä¸¥é‡ã€‚æ¯ä¸€ä¸ªä¼ä¸šä¹Ÿåº”该承担这个å¦ç”Ÿç¤¾ä¼šåŒ–的过程ã€èŒä¸šåŒ–的过程,如果ä¼ä¸šéƒ½ä¸æ„¿æ„承担培养æˆæœ¬ï¼Œç»“果就是大家都助长了çŸæœŸè·³æ§½çš„风气。
Xiong Bignqi: I think there are two key problems. One lies with employers: Are they capable of keeping college graduates? This is essential. You can't blame the graduates for everything. You may notice many companies have already created a vicious cycle. They want to put fresh college graduates in immediate use and create profit. They hesitate to train these graduates, because they are more willing to steal employees who have a couple of years of experiences from other companies. That's how frequent job-hopping happens. Many employers are very shortsighted and seek quick success. They've made the problem worse. Every employer should take the responsibility of helping graduates become socialized and professional. If employers are all unwilling to do so, they would just help foster an environment for frequent job-hopping.
冯欣:好的,谢谢您
Feng Xin: All right, thank you.
冯欣:在这一期节目ä¸ï¼Œæˆ‘们é‡ç‚¹å…³æ³¨æ‹›å·¥è€…,专家们在采访ä¸è¯´ï¼Œä¸å›½çš„产业结构和劳动力市场的å˜åŒ–ã€ä¸å›½é«˜æ ¡çš„扩招,以åŠæ‹›å·¥è€…和求èŒè€…对彼æ¤ä¸åŒçš„é¢„æœŸéƒ½æ˜¯é€ æˆæ‹›å·¥éš¾çš„åŽŸå› ã€‚ä½†æ˜¯æ±‚èŒè€…呢?是什么让大å¦ç”Ÿæ±‚èŒå›°éš¾å‘¢ï¼Ÿè¯·é”定我们的下一期节目
Feng Xin: In this episode, we focused on those who supply jobs. The experts we interviewed said the changes in China's economic structure and work force, the expansion of China's higher education and the dissymmetry in the expectations between employers and college graduates all make it difficult for employers to recruit enough workers. But what about the job seekers? What makes it difficult for college graduates to find jobs? Please be sure to join us in our next episode.
Digest China-解æžä¸å›½-Bilingual news show-ä¸å›½ç¬¬ä¸€æ¡£åŒè¯æ–°é—»è®¿è°ˆ-China Daily
This is another area which will lead to social unrest unless China takes creation of job on a war footing.
This is more important for China that for other countries because China has risen very rapidly from individual deprivations (under Mao) to a dazzling economy giving rise to ambition and wide aspirations.
Making money is a very important aspect in the Chinese psychology and if the avenues are limited, then it becomes an area of immense discontent.