Being pro-active is a good trait. Personally, I like the idea.
In case of India, I doubt how this would have played out. It is quite possible someone would question ARDE, as to who asked them to waste taxpayers money on a rifle the army did not want?
Even to produce prototypes, the employees at the various rifle factories would need to work on it. The various rifle factories are under productivity rules. Their employees get paid based on the number of rifles they produce. This is a portion of their salary. So, no employee would want to work on a new rifle if it was not asked for by the army, because, they simply would not get paid for their effort.
Sir,
I would have told that someone, I am in armament research & development.Research & development is a continuous process in which we have some success and some failure, and that is how we evolve,innovate ,produce new technologies.You can't expect us to be stagnant, and then one day produce the latest technology and finished product out of no where.
So,what you call wastage I call it investment in developing the technology for future ,technology demonstrator to be precise.I am not in manufacturing process that I will produce to sell ,my basic job is technology development through trial and error.
ARDE should pay these employees for production of the prototype for them,or else govt should include the production of prototype under productivity rule and make payment for the production of the prototype.
I don't think the employee are not paid to produce prototype.Imagine asking govt employee to produce something and telling them that they will have to do it for free ,as no one will pay for it.I don't think it is possible or viable,someone sure do pay for the prototype production.These payment will fall under the expenses of research and development work undertaken by ARDE even if the work is done by a third party.
Regarding your previous post pertaining to gun weight,I have prepared something.
There is a interesting relationship between gun weight and recoil.In simple term we can say that having all other factors like ammunition, system of operation etc similar and having two guns with variable weight the lighter gun will have more recoil than the heavier gun.
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, this is one of the laws of newton. This means that the momentum of a rifle's reaction will exactly equal the momentum of the bullet and powder gasses ejected from the barrel. Rifle weight is a crucial factor in the recoil , rifle weight is inversely proportional to recoil. Increase the gun weight by, say, 10% and the recoil goes down by 10%.
Momentum: the quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity.Mass into velocity= momentum
Momentum is product of mass and velocity. The heavier gun has more mass, so, for the same momentum, it must have less "backwards" velocity, so less felt recoil.
When we have two same rifle with different weight but firing same ammunition the momentum acting on both of them would be equal irrespective of weight.The same momentum is transferred to the gun (same as the bullet butt in the opposite direction) but for a heavy gun, the speed is lower so the Kinetic Energy is even less.Hence it will have less felt recoil.
Recoil:
Rifle recoil is most simply explained by Newton's First and Second Laws of Motion. When a rifle is fired, a force is exerted on the bullet that projects it forward. By Newton's 1st Law, it can be inferred that and opposite force will be imposed on the rifle. From Newton's 2nd Law it can be deduced that this force can cause an acceleration (linear or angular) which results in velocity and therefore kinetic energy. Energy is also transferred into the marksman in the form of work. The total of this energy is called Recoil Energy and can be calculated.
when you have 400 ft/lbs of energy leave the front of the barrel, force equalling that 400 ft/lbs of energy is coming back into your gun and through it into your hand and then going down the earth through you.This is what makes you feel recoil.
There are two phases of recoil, moreover. Primary recoil begins momentarily after the firing pin hits the primer. Propellant rapidly creates an expansion of gas that overcomes the inertia of the bullet or shot charge and wad and accelerate them down the barrel against the force of friction and air resistance.
Secondary recoil – the effects of which are much smaller – starts when the ejecta (pellets, wad and burnt powder) leave the barrel and there is a sudden release of gas. The gun is pushed back much like a rocket.
This is the recoil which is felt by gun when it fires, when this recoil reaches the shooter it becomes perceived recoil or felt recoil.However, perceived recoil, what the shooter feels, is a highly subjective matter. In addition to gun weight, it is influenced by many factors. One of the most important of these is the fit and shape of the rifle stock. A good recoil pad can help soften the blow to the shooter's shoulder. Gas-operated semi-automatic actions reduce apparent recoil by spreading it over a longer period of time.
Perceived recoil can also be divide into two sub categories,"soft" or "sharp" recoiling, soft recoil is recoil spread over a longer period of time, that is at a lower acceleration, and sharp recoil is spread over a shorter period of time, that is with a higher acceleration.
Recoil is not only about rearwards movement, though. There is also a rotation about the axis of the shoulder. This is because the centre line of the bore/s is above the shoulder line. When this rotation effect occurs, the muzzle/s moves up and the comb of the gun may be brought into abrupt contact with the cheekbone. At the same time the butt sole may slip from the shoulder (especially if it is poorly designed). A gun with a steeply angled cheek piece will be especially uncomfortable.
Now let me explain why a heavy gun will have less recoil through basic physics.
velocity:the speed of something in a given direction.
When a bullet with mass m leaves a gun with a velocity v, the gun must have an equal-but-opposed momentum MV, where M is the mass of the gun and V is the recoil velocity, or
mv+MV=0
If there are two possible gun sizes, M1 and M2, each will have a recoil velocity V1 and V2.
If weight for M2 = 2M1,Thus M2 is heavier than M1.
Both will have equal momentum acting upon them hence
M1V1=M2V2,
M1V1=2M1V2 ,
V1 =2V2
The velocity of lighter gun M1 will be V1=2V2, velocity acting upon lighter gun will be more is proved.recoil velocity determines how abrupt the blow to the shoulder feels.So,a lighter gun will give you a more abrupt blow to your shoulder if everything else is same.
Now, when we are talking about recoil it has been made clear that velocity of a lighter gun is more hence the blow is more abrupt.But when we are talking about recoil there is one more important factor,that is kinetic energy or recoil energy.It determines how hard the blow to the shoulder feels.
kinetic energy:In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes.
Recoil Energy is the energy that is required to push the gun in the opposite direction of the bullet. When the gun is fired, the mass of the bullet and the gasses move out of the barrel. This causes a force that pushes the gun in the opposite direction.
kinetic energy/recoil energy=0.5 into mass of the gun into square of the velocity of the gun.
It will be measured in joules.
I know kinetic energy of lighter rifle will be more than the heavy rifle .But ,I can't give you a good example for this maybe someone who is master in physics could chip in regarding this.
Now let us see some formula:
Gun velocity = (bullet mass x bullet velocity) + (powder charge mass x powder charge velocity) / Gun mass x 1000.
conversion factor of 1000 is in the equation to set the equation correct for kilograms,since rest of the mass are generally in grams while gun mass is in kilograms.
formula: Recoil energy = 0.5 x Gun mass x (Gun velocity) square.
Now using the above formula let us verify what has been explained above.
For this let us take two anamika submachine gun.
Let them be x and 2x
Let the weight of x be 3kg,let the weight of 2x be 4kg(so the 2x gun is heavierby 1kg while keeping other things constant)
Let all these be constant in the two guns:
9mm bullet mass=7grams(I have taken aproximate for convenince)
bullet/muzzle velocity= 400m /sec
powder charge mass =6.0gr
powder charge velocity 396meter per second
Gun velocity of x
Gun velocity = (bullet mass x bullet velocity) + (powder charge mass x powder charge velocity) / Gun mass x 1000.
gun velocity = (7x400)+(6x396)/3x1000
gun velocityof x = 1.72m/sec
gun velocity of 2x
keeping everything constant apart from weight which will be 4kg
gun velocity =(7x400)+(6x396)/4x1000
gun velocity of 2x = 1.29 m/s
Hence it is proved in practice that lighter gun has higher velocity ,hence recoil is more abrupt.
Recoil/kinetic energy = 0.5 x Gun mass x 9Gun velocity)square.
recoil energy of gun x= 0.5 x 3 x 1.72square
recoil energy x = 4.43 Joules
recoil energy of gun 2x= 0.5 x4 x1.29square
recoil energy 2x =3.32joules
Hence it is proved in practice that lighter gun has higher recoil/kinetic energy ,thus the recoil is hard on your shoulder when compared with heavy gun.
Now ,some people will say if such is a case why heavy guns like ak47 have more recoil than mp5 ,it's because weight is inversely proportional to recoil when everything else is constant.In case of ak 47 it fires higher power calibre with more velocity hence more recoil as compared to 9mm which is a small calibre with lower velocity.
However if we have a 9mm submachine gun weighing 10 kg the recoil will be negligible .But before we rejoice we should realize that additional weight means more burden on soldier,easy fatigue for soldiers,physical toll on soldier,compromise on his speed and mobility,compromise of his reflex shooting.
Some people might say if heavy rifle have less recoil that how the rifles are getting lighter and having reduced recoil at the same time,it is because weight is not the only factor that affect recoil , it is influenced by many factors. One of the most important of these is the fit and shape of the rifle stock. A good recoil pad can help soften the blow to the shooter's shoulder. Gas-operated semi-automatic actions reduce apparent recoil by spreading it over a longer period of time.Many products have been marketed over the years as a means to reduce felt recoil. These include recoil pads, muzzle brakes, barrel porting, mercury and mechanical 'recoil' reducers, lengthened forcing cones (the funnel like constriction which leads from the bore of a shotgun to the main bore), the back boring of barrel (widening the bore size), pneumatic, sprung or hydraulic telescopic stock conversions, and padded cheek pieces. Some of these devices have a negligible effect (mercury recoil reducers), some are well proven (e.g. recoil pads made of modern shock absorbing materials).
NOW,we return to the original question ,why do people here want the weight of anamika reduced,especially when it is proved that weight help in dispersing felt recoil .The answer will be because we can reduce the weight of gun and still manage recoil through other means.
example: for a 100m runner stamina does not matter that much ,but once he run for a 15km marathon and if he does not have enough stamina ,till the time he reaches 10km his body ,his legs ,his lungs give up .So with lower stamina he fail to complete the race.
Now, in same way with a heavy gun in addition to other weight a soldier can complete short firefight with efficiency,but when he has to clear 100 rooms like in taj with the same heavy gun, by the time he reaches 80th room the extra weight will take its toll on him,he will become slow ,his reflexes will be reduced and many other fatigues will creep in and the result of all this will not be a mere failure to point and shoot in time but death.Hence every kilogram of weight reduced from the soldier increase his fighting ability to a great extent.So, weight should be reduced and recoil managed through other means.
I am not that much into physics,I have tried to share my knowledge which I have gained through self study.So ,there is a chance there might be discrepancy in what I have explained ,although I have tried my best.Whoever is expert in physics can chip in and offer a better explanation if he can.If anyone has understood what I have tried to explain then it's good ,if someone has not understood then very good .
You don't need to understand all the details .Just remember that when everything else is constant in a gun, then a heavy gun will have a soft recoil that is recoil spread over a longer period of time, at a lower acceleration.Where as the lighter gun will have sharp recoil, that is recoil spread over a shorter period of time, that with a higher acceleration.
In simple term the lighter gun will have more kick to it and would jump more when fired,where as a heavier gun will have a subtle kick and will not rise much when fired.Only when everything else in both the guns is similar including ammunition.
Please note that the recoil energy we calculate is just a scientific measurement.We cannot measure the actual felt recoil because of the human factor involved.There are many factors that determine how a shooter will perceive the recoil energy. Some of the factors are, but not limited to: body mass, body frame, experience, shooting position, recoil suppression equipment, small arm fit etc.