Neeraj Mathur
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GSLV-D6 / GSAT-6 Update:
Propellant filling operations of cryo stage are under progress
Propellant filling operations of cryo stage are under progress
ISRO General News and Updates
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Neeraj Mathur
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The GSLV D6 with indigenous cryogenic engines has been launched successfully. This has enormous implications for our ICBM program as well.
ISRO successfully launches GSLV-D6 carrying GSAT-6 satellite
T E Narasimhan | Chennai Aug 27, 2015 05:55 PM IST
ISRO's communication satellite GSAT-6 on board GSLV-D6
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) today successfully launched India's communication satellite GSAT-6 using its heavy rocket Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-D6) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. This is the second consecutive success with indigenous cryogenic engine capable of carrying 2-2.5 tonne class of spacecraft.
The successful launch is another feather in the Indian space agency's hat as getting the cryogenic engine right is important for India's future space programmes, said experts. Isro scientists spent nearly two decades in conceiving and mastering the cryogenic technology. Around Rs 400 crore was spent on developing the technology. A cryogenic engine is more efficient as it provides more thrust for every kilogram of propellant burnt.
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"It is a result of tremendous amount of hard work put in by the entire team to build in an indigenous cryo engine and today's performance of the launch vehicle clearly demonstrates that all the systems have been performing very normally and the various intricacies of the cryogenic engine performance and the systems have been understood," said A S Kiran Kumar, chairman, Isro, after the successful launch.
It may be noted that in February 2014, ISRO for the first time conducted the successful launch of indegenous cryogenic engine backed GSLV. For Kumar, this is the first successful GSLV rocket launch as ISRO chief that placed a satellite in orbit.
The next GSLV launch will be in June or July next year. ISRO has set a target of two GSLV launches every year.
Currently, India's heavy communication satellites are launched by an European space agency Ariane and the success of GSLV would help the country to save huge foreign exchange. India spends nearly $85-90 million (around Rs 500 crore) as launch fee for sending up a 3.5 tonne communication satellites, apart from the cost of satellite.
The 49.1 metre, weighing 416 tonne tall rocket blasted off at 4:52 pm and successfully completed the mission in 17 minutes from launch. It may be noted current GSLV rocket of Isro's can carry a capacity of around 2.2 tonnes.
The rocket carrying the cuboid shaped GSAT-6 communication satellite weighing 2,117 kg slung it in GTO around 17 minutes into the flight. The whole mission concluded in the exact way it was envisioned.
GSLV-D6 is the ninth flight of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). It is also the fifth developmental flight of GSLV. This is the third time the indigenously developed Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS) is being carried on-board during a GSLV flight. GSLV-D6 flight is significant since it intends to continue the testing of CUS. GSLV is designed to inject 2 ton class of communication satellites into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
This is the second time Isro flew the GSLV rocket with its own cryogenic engine, after the successful launch of similar rocket in January 2014 that put into orbit GSAT-14. It may be noted the second mission of GSLV during the last five years after two such rockets failed in 2010. One of the GSLV rockets flew with Indian cryogenic engine and the other one with a Russian engine.
ISRO's communication satellite GSAT-6 on board GSLV-D6
The GSLV is a three-stage rocket. The core of first stage is fired with solid fuel while the four strap-on motors by liquid fuel. The second is the liquid fuel and the third is the cryogenic engine, said experts. India spends nearly $85-90 million (around Rs 500 crore) as launch fee for sending up a 3.5 tonne communication satellites. The cost of satellite is separate.
ISRO can send smaller communication satellites, around two tonnes, till such time it gets ready an advanced GSLV variant-GSLV-Mark III- that can lug satellites weighing around four tonnes, they added.
Isro is planning to launch satellites like GSAT-7A, 9 using a similar rocket.
GSAT-6 is India's 25th geostationary communication satellite and twelfth in the GSAT series including one in 2001, 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2014 respectively.
Five things to know about GSAT-6
1) GSAT-6 will join the group of India's other operational geostationary satellites and it will provide communication through five spot beams in S-band and a national beam in C-band for strategic users.
2) The S-Band Unfurlable Antenna of six metre diameter is one of the advanced features of GSAT-6 satellite
3) This is the largest satellite antenna realised by ISRO and it is utilised for five spot beams over the Indian main land
4) Spot beams exploit the frequency reuse scheme to increase frequency spectrum utilisation efficiency.
5) The satellite's life expectancy is nine years.
ISRO successfully launches GSLV-D6 carrying GSAT-6 satellite
T E Narasimhan | Chennai Aug 27, 2015 05:55 PM IST
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) today successfully launched India's communication satellite GSAT-6 using its heavy rocket Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-D6) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. This is the second consecutive success with indigenous cryogenic engine capable of carrying 2-2.5 tonne class of spacecraft.
The successful launch is another feather in the Indian space agency's hat as getting the cryogenic engine right is important for India's future space programmes, said experts. Isro scientists spent nearly two decades in conceiving and mastering the cryogenic technology. Around Rs 400 crore was spent on developing the technology. A cryogenic engine is more efficient as it provides more thrust for every kilogram of propellant burnt.
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"It is a result of tremendous amount of hard work put in by the entire team to build in an indigenous cryo engine and today's performance of the launch vehicle clearly demonstrates that all the systems have been performing very normally and the various intricacies of the cryogenic engine performance and the systems have been understood," said A S Kiran Kumar, chairman, Isro, after the successful launch.
It may be noted that in February 2014, ISRO for the first time conducted the successful launch of indegenous cryogenic engine backed GSLV. For Kumar, this is the first successful GSLV rocket launch as ISRO chief that placed a satellite in orbit.
The next GSLV launch will be in June or July next year. ISRO has set a target of two GSLV launches every year.
Currently, India's heavy communication satellites are launched by an European space agency Ariane and the success of GSLV would help the country to save huge foreign exchange. India spends nearly $85-90 million (around Rs 500 crore) as launch fee for sending up a 3.5 tonne communication satellites, apart from the cost of satellite.
The 49.1 metre, weighing 416 tonne tall rocket blasted off at 4:52 pm and successfully completed the mission in 17 minutes from launch. It may be noted current GSLV rocket of Isro's can carry a capacity of around 2.2 tonnes.
The rocket carrying the cuboid shaped GSAT-6 communication satellite weighing 2,117 kg slung it in GTO around 17 minutes into the flight. The whole mission concluded in the exact way it was envisioned.
GSLV-D6 is the ninth flight of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). It is also the fifth developmental flight of GSLV. This is the third time the indigenously developed Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS) is being carried on-board during a GSLV flight. GSLV-D6 flight is significant since it intends to continue the testing of CUS. GSLV is designed to inject 2 ton class of communication satellites into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
This is the second time Isro flew the GSLV rocket with its own cryogenic engine, after the successful launch of similar rocket in January 2014 that put into orbit GSAT-14. It may be noted the second mission of GSLV during the last five years after two such rockets failed in 2010. One of the GSLV rockets flew with Indian cryogenic engine and the other one with a Russian engine.
The GSLV is a three-stage rocket. The core of first stage is fired with solid fuel while the four strap-on motors by liquid fuel. The second is the liquid fuel and the third is the cryogenic engine, said experts. India spends nearly $85-90 million (around Rs 500 crore) as launch fee for sending up a 3.5 tonne communication satellites. The cost of satellite is separate.
ISRO can send smaller communication satellites, around two tonnes, till such time it gets ready an advanced GSLV variant-GSLV-Mark III- that can lug satellites weighing around four tonnes, they added.
Isro is planning to launch satellites like GSAT-7A, 9 using a similar rocket.
GSAT-6 is India's 25th geostationary communication satellite and twelfth in the GSAT series including one in 2001, 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2014 respectively.
Five things to know about GSAT-6
1) GSAT-6 will join the group of India's other operational geostationary satellites and it will provide communication through five spot beams in S-band and a national beam in C-band for strategic users.
2) The S-Band Unfurlable Antenna of six metre diameter is one of the advanced features of GSAT-6 satellite
3) This is the largest satellite antenna realised by ISRO and it is utilised for five spot beams over the Indian main land
4) Spot beams exploit the frequency reuse scheme to increase frequency spectrum utilisation efficiency.
5) The satellite's life expectancy is nine years.
Neeraj Mathur
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Indian GSLV launches with GSAT-6
India’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle has successfully deployed a communications satellite Thursday, with the rocket’s ninth flight lofting the GSAT-6 spacecraft. The launch was on schedule at 16:52 local time (11:22 UTC) with the launch taking place from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on Sriharikota Island.
ISRO Launch:
The ninth flight for the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) across its Mark I and II variants, Thursday’s launch was conducted by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
First flown in April 2001, the GSLV has had something of a troubled history; of its eight launches to date, three completed their missions successfully, one reached a lower-than-planned orbit which was corrected at the expense of several years’ operational life for its payload, one reached an unusable low orbit that could not be corrected and three failed to achieve orbit altogether.
Following the success of the previous launch – which carried the GSAT-14 spacecraft to orbit in January 2014 – ISRO was hoping for the GSLV’s first back-to-back successes since the type’s second and third flights in 2003 and 2004 respectively. That proved to be the case.
The GSLV’s Mark I and II configurations differ in that the Mark I uses a third stage powered by a Russian-built engine, while the Mark II introduces a replacement using Indian components.
A third rocket, the GSLV Mark III, made its maiden flight last December. However, this is essentially a new rocket sharing little more than a name with its predecessors
The payload of Thursday’s launch, GSAT-6, is a 2,117-kilogram (4,667 lb) communications satellite constructed by ISRO around the I-2K satellite bus.
Designed for nine to twelve years of service, the satellite carries an 80-centimetre (2.6 ft) C-band antenna for providing a single fixed beam and a six metre (16-foot) deployable antenna that will facilitate five S-band spot beams. Electrical power comes from a pair of solar arrays generating 3.1 kilowatts for the spacecraft’s systems.
Following launch the spacecraft will make use of a liquid bipropellant apogee motor, fuelled by monomethylhydrazine and mixed oxides of nitrogen, to achieve geostationary orbit where it will be operated at a longitude of 83 degrees east. According to reports the satellite will most likely be used to relay military communications.
Ahead of the launch, which took place from the Second Launch Pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, assembly of the rocket and payload integration took place vertically away from the launch pad in the centre’s vehicle assembly building. The rocket was moved to the launch pad atop a mobile platform on Saturday 22 August.
Thursday’s launch was the fifteenth from the Second Pad – one of two complexes that India’s GSLV and PSLV rockets can fly from along with the nearby First Launch Pad.
Since the completion of the second pad in 2005, the GSLV has flown only from the newer pad with the PSLV launching from whichever is available for it. Past launches from the second pad have included nine PSLVs, five GSLVs, and a single suborbital launch of the GSLV Mark III last December.
The GSLV that deployed GSAT-6 was a Mark II vehicle, featuring India’s indigenous cryogenic upper stage in place of the Russian-engined version used on the Mark I.
Thursday’s launch was the third flight of the Mark II GSLV, whose maiden flight was the unsuccessful attempt to orbit GSAT-4 in 2010, but which has achieved success with the more recent launch of GSAT-14 in 2014. The serial number of the rocket which will be used for the GSAT-6 mission is GSLV-D6.
The first stage of the GSLV consists of four L40-H strap-on liquid rocket motors clustered around a solid-fuel core stage powered by an S139 motor.
Each powered by a Vikas liquid rocket motor burning 42.6 tonnes (41.9 Imperial tons, 47.0 US tons) of fuel, the strap-ons make use of a mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and hydrazine hydrate, in a ratio of three parts to one, oxidised by dinitrogen tetroxide.
The four strap-on motors ignited around 4.8 seconds in advance of liftoff, with the solid-fuelled core igniting once the countdown reached zero.
The first stage core burned for one minute and forty-six seconds before depleting its hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) fuel. After this, thrust continued to be generated by the four strap-on motors until their shutdown two minutes and 29 seconds into the mission.
Half a second after cutoff, the second stage separated from the spent first. Ignition of the second stage’s Vikas engine occurred about another half a second after staging.
Separation of the payload fairing from the nose of the rocket occurred three minutes and fifty seconds after launch, with the rocket at an altitude of approximately 115.45 kilometres.
The GSLV’s second stage completed its two-minute, 40-second burn at the four minute and forty-nine second mark in the mission. Separating four seconds after cutoff, the spent stage made way for the third stage to begin its burn.
Powered by a single cryogenic engine fuelled by liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, the third stage fired for two seconds short of twelve minutes to raise GSAT-6 into its targeted deployment orbit.
Spacecraft separation occurred twelve seconds after the end of the GSLV’s powered flight, at 17 minutes and four seconds mission elapsed time.
Thursday’s launch was aiming for a geosynchronous transfer orbit with a perigee of 170 kilometres (106 miles, 91.8 nautical miles) an apogee of 35,975 kilometres (22354 miles, 19425 nautical miles) and 19.95 degrees inclination.
India’s third orbital launch of 2015 – following PSLV missions in March and July – Thursday’s launch was the first and only planned GSLV launch of 2015.
The rocket is next expected to fly in 2016 carrying the GSAT-9 spacecraft. Before then ISRO will launch several Polar Satellite Launch Vehicles, with the smaller rocket’s next launch currently slated to carry the AstroSat-1 astronomy spacecraft and several smaller payloads at the end of September.
The GSAT-6 launch was the forty-second launch that will attempt to achieve orbit this year – a number which includes the Proton-M and Falcon 9 launches in May and June that failed to achieve orbit, the April Soyuz-2-1a failure with Progress M-27M which nonetheless reached orbit, and the February Vega launch which briefly attained orbit following a successful suborbital primary mission.
(Images via ISRO)
http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/08/indian-gslv-launch-gsat-6/
India’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle has successfully deployed a communications satellite Thursday, with the rocket’s ninth flight lofting the GSAT-6 spacecraft. The launch was on schedule at 16:52 local time (11:22 UTC) with the launch taking place from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on Sriharikota Island.
ISRO Launch:
The ninth flight for the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) across its Mark I and II variants, Thursday’s launch was conducted by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
First flown in April 2001, the GSLV has had something of a troubled history; of its eight launches to date, three completed their missions successfully, one reached a lower-than-planned orbit which was corrected at the expense of several years’ operational life for its payload, one reached an unusable low orbit that could not be corrected and three failed to achieve orbit altogether.
Following the success of the previous launch – which carried the GSAT-14 spacecraft to orbit in January 2014 – ISRO was hoping for the GSLV’s first back-to-back successes since the type’s second and third flights in 2003 and 2004 respectively. That proved to be the case.
The GSLV’s Mark I and II configurations differ in that the Mark I uses a third stage powered by a Russian-built engine, while the Mark II introduces a replacement using Indian components.
A third rocket, the GSLV Mark III, made its maiden flight last December. However, this is essentially a new rocket sharing little more than a name with its predecessors
The payload of Thursday’s launch, GSAT-6, is a 2,117-kilogram (4,667 lb) communications satellite constructed by ISRO around the I-2K satellite bus.
Designed for nine to twelve years of service, the satellite carries an 80-centimetre (2.6 ft) C-band antenna for providing a single fixed beam and a six metre (16-foot) deployable antenna that will facilitate five S-band spot beams. Electrical power comes from a pair of solar arrays generating 3.1 kilowatts for the spacecraft’s systems.
Following launch the spacecraft will make use of a liquid bipropellant apogee motor, fuelled by monomethylhydrazine and mixed oxides of nitrogen, to achieve geostationary orbit where it will be operated at a longitude of 83 degrees east. According to reports the satellite will most likely be used to relay military communications.
Ahead of the launch, which took place from the Second Launch Pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, assembly of the rocket and payload integration took place vertically away from the launch pad in the centre’s vehicle assembly building. The rocket was moved to the launch pad atop a mobile platform on Saturday 22 August.
Thursday’s launch was the fifteenth from the Second Pad – one of two complexes that India’s GSLV and PSLV rockets can fly from along with the nearby First Launch Pad.
Since the completion of the second pad in 2005, the GSLV has flown only from the newer pad with the PSLV launching from whichever is available for it. Past launches from the second pad have included nine PSLVs, five GSLVs, and a single suborbital launch of the GSLV Mark III last December.
The GSLV that deployed GSAT-6 was a Mark II vehicle, featuring India’s indigenous cryogenic upper stage in place of the Russian-engined version used on the Mark I.
Thursday’s launch was the third flight of the Mark II GSLV, whose maiden flight was the unsuccessful attempt to orbit GSAT-4 in 2010, but which has achieved success with the more recent launch of GSAT-14 in 2014. The serial number of the rocket which will be used for the GSAT-6 mission is GSLV-D6.
The first stage of the GSLV consists of four L40-H strap-on liquid rocket motors clustered around a solid-fuel core stage powered by an S139 motor.
Each powered by a Vikas liquid rocket motor burning 42.6 tonnes (41.9 Imperial tons, 47.0 US tons) of fuel, the strap-ons make use of a mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and hydrazine hydrate, in a ratio of three parts to one, oxidised by dinitrogen tetroxide.
The four strap-on motors ignited around 4.8 seconds in advance of liftoff, with the solid-fuelled core igniting once the countdown reached zero.
The first stage core burned for one minute and forty-six seconds before depleting its hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) fuel. After this, thrust continued to be generated by the four strap-on motors until their shutdown two minutes and 29 seconds into the mission.
Half a second after cutoff, the second stage separated from the spent first. Ignition of the second stage’s Vikas engine occurred about another half a second after staging.
Separation of the payload fairing from the nose of the rocket occurred three minutes and fifty seconds after launch, with the rocket at an altitude of approximately 115.45 kilometres.
The GSLV’s second stage completed its two-minute, 40-second burn at the four minute and forty-nine second mark in the mission. Separating four seconds after cutoff, the spent stage made way for the third stage to begin its burn.
Powered by a single cryogenic engine fuelled by liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, the third stage fired for two seconds short of twelve minutes to raise GSAT-6 into its targeted deployment orbit.
Spacecraft separation occurred twelve seconds after the end of the GSLV’s powered flight, at 17 minutes and four seconds mission elapsed time.
Thursday’s launch was aiming for a geosynchronous transfer orbit with a perigee of 170 kilometres (106 miles, 91.8 nautical miles) an apogee of 35,975 kilometres (22354 miles, 19425 nautical miles) and 19.95 degrees inclination.
India’s third orbital launch of 2015 – following PSLV missions in March and July – Thursday’s launch was the first and only planned GSLV launch of 2015.
The rocket is next expected to fly in 2016 carrying the GSAT-9 spacecraft. Before then ISRO will launch several Polar Satellite Launch Vehicles, with the smaller rocket’s next launch currently slated to carry the AstroSat-1 astronomy spacecraft and several smaller payloads at the end of September.
The GSAT-6 launch was the forty-second launch that will attempt to achieve orbit this year – a number which includes the Proton-M and Falcon 9 launches in May and June that failed to achieve orbit, the April Soyuz-2-1a failure with Progress M-27M which nonetheless reached orbit, and the February Vega launch which briefly attained orbit following a successful suborbital primary mission.
(Images via ISRO)
http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/08/indian-gslv-launch-gsat-6/
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Mods please move my new thread into this thread just saw it.
Not related to ISRO but shows how unfurlable antenna reflectors work in space,
Somewhat similar Antenna to GSLV D6
http://govcomm.harris.com/solutions/SpaceSystems/UnfurlableMeshAntennaReflectors.aspx
Video of unfurlable anteena in space
Sirius FM 6 Reflector Deployment
Somewhat similar Antenna to GSLV D6
http://govcomm.harris.com/solutions/SpaceSystems/UnfurlableMeshAntennaReflectors.aspx
Video of unfurlable anteena in space
Sirius FM 6 Reflector Deployment
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Blackwater
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So we have successfully used UK aid money [emoji13][emoji13][emoji13][emoji13][emoji38][emoji38][emoji38]
Blackwater
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only ISRO ne india ki laaj rakhi ha otherwise HAL aur DRDO ne to koi kasar nahi choori thi mitti pilit karne me:biggrin2::biggrin2::biggrin2:
Blackwater
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Blackwater
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avknight1408
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The British media will start their AID money propaganda. You can expect a BBC article about poverty in india very soon.
indiatester
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Missed the launch. But great news.
Congrats ISRO.
Congrats ISRO.
Neeraj Mathur
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GSAT to bolster Army’s rapid strike capability
GSAT-6, the military satellite launched yesterday, will allow the Army to ramp up the speed and accuracy of its striking capabilities, besides providing a much clearer real-time battlefield picture.It will allow a connection among all Army regiments for seamless real-time flow of two-way information, data, videos and even transmission of images captured through night-vision cameras.
In other words, it will connect the last of the soldiers with his commander. A mix of handheld devices and laptops will serve as nodal points. The footprint of the satellite is pan-India, sources say.
Army’s accuracy in undertaking strikes will be enhanced due to seamless integration with attack helicopters and fighter jets of the Indian Air Force
There will be real-time data and video sharing among tanks on the ground, IAF aircraft in the sky and advancing infantrymen. Commanders on the field and Generals sitting in war-rooms will be seeing the same live pictures as the entire battlefield will be connected seamlessly.The data will be beamed across laptops using a mix of satellites and radio communication. All this will be done at a very high encryption level so as to prevent snooping.
In August 2013, India launched GSAT-7 (or Rukmini), its first military satellite to keep an eye on the Indian Ocean and Malacca.Bengaluru: ISRO’s GSLV (geosynchronous launch vehicle) fitted with an indigenous cryogenic engine today successfully put the two tonne-class GSAT-6 satellite (2,117 kg) in a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO), 35,000 km above the sea level.
Today’s GSLV-D6 launch followed the successful launch in January last year of GSLV-D5 with a made-in-India cryogenic upper stage (CUS) engine that put the 1,860-kg GSAT-14 in the orbit. That was ISRO’s first success with a locally made CUS after years of struggle to perfect the technology.Addressing colleagues at the ISRO spaceport in Sriharikota after the launch, ISRO chief Kiran Kumar said, “It has been proved that the successful launch of GSLV-D5 last year was not a fluke.”
http://idrw.org/gsat-to-bolster-armys-rapid-strike-capability/
GSAT-6, the military satellite launched yesterday, will allow the Army to ramp up the speed and accuracy of its striking capabilities, besides providing a much clearer real-time battlefield picture.It will allow a connection among all Army regiments for seamless real-time flow of two-way information, data, videos and even transmission of images captured through night-vision cameras.
In other words, it will connect the last of the soldiers with his commander. A mix of handheld devices and laptops will serve as nodal points. The footprint of the satellite is pan-India, sources say.
Army’s accuracy in undertaking strikes will be enhanced due to seamless integration with attack helicopters and fighter jets of the Indian Air Force
There will be real-time data and video sharing among tanks on the ground, IAF aircraft in the sky and advancing infantrymen. Commanders on the field and Generals sitting in war-rooms will be seeing the same live pictures as the entire battlefield will be connected seamlessly.The data will be beamed across laptops using a mix of satellites and radio communication. All this will be done at a very high encryption level so as to prevent snooping.
In August 2013, India launched GSAT-7 (or Rukmini), its first military satellite to keep an eye on the Indian Ocean and Malacca.Bengaluru: ISRO’s GSLV (geosynchronous launch vehicle) fitted with an indigenous cryogenic engine today successfully put the two tonne-class GSAT-6 satellite (2,117 kg) in a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO), 35,000 km above the sea level.
Today’s GSLV-D6 launch followed the successful launch in January last year of GSLV-D5 with a made-in-India cryogenic upper stage (CUS) engine that put the 1,860-kg GSAT-14 in the orbit. That was ISRO’s first success with a locally made CUS after years of struggle to perfect the technology.Addressing colleagues at the ISRO spaceport in Sriharikota after the launch, ISRO chief Kiran Kumar said, “It has been proved that the successful launch of GSLV-D5 last year was not a fluke.”
http://idrw.org/gsat-to-bolster-armys-rapid-strike-capability/
CrYsIs
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Again,you go wrong there.UK has the technology to launch satellites on it's own but since they are a part of ESA,they use ESA's rockets.
