How much time it will take them to prove airframe with the existing tech developed for LCA ?
Normally something like AMCA should take 5000 hours of flight testing.
LCA had some 2000 odd test points to clear for IOC and FOC. That needs 2500 flight hours of tests. AMCA should have around 10 or 20 times more test points. It gets easier because AMCA can stay in the air longer than LCA can. So, that helps.
There is benefit from having tested LCA, and that experience helps. But, FGFA flight tests will be more important for AMCA. So, as HAL said, FGFA also needs 5000 hours of testing and HAL would have taken 15 years going alone instead of 5 - 6 years with Russian help. With the LCA and FGFA experience, AMCA prototypes can fly more than LCA has.
F-35 has over 60000 test points. To date they have finished 11000 hours and around 12000 test points. Another 48000 test points are pending. But not all of the 11000 hours are flight tests because of concurrency.
Each LCA flight is equivalent to staying in the air for 30 minutes on an average. Each F-35 flight lasts for 2 hours or more on average. For PAKFA, it would be 2.5 - 3 hours on average. So, AMCA flight tests would be much faster than LCA's but the work involved is also more.
They should make at least one such airframe and fly it with US engine to test the concept.
The first two airframes would be tech demonstrators. It is possible flight tests will happen with US or European engines, but without finalizing specs for the Kaveri K-10, the project will be in a limbo. Only after the engine specs and design are finalized can they start the design phase. In LCA's case, LCA's main design phase started a few years after Kaveri specs and design were finalized. The problem is we just launched the tender for an engine partner (again). It should take a year or two before all the necessary specs are finalized (again) because it depends on the technology the foreign partner is willing to provide.
Project start date to IOC should take 16 years. R&D phase is yet to be approved. And approval will happen after engine specs are finalized.