Korean and Turkish have progressed way ahead of us, even if we have started early. We are stuck with Mk2 concept 4.5+ aircraft replacing almost 4.5 gen aircraft. We are the fourth largest Air Force in the world without 5th gen aircraft, Chinese is almost 20 years ahead now. I feel some of our lack of a clear road map especially in aircraft procurement is really frustrating, HAL should be privatised, and with that diktat they will start working proficiently.
IMO,
The role of a 5th Gen fighter is limited and has a huge operation burden. Even USA is still buying also of 4.5 gen fighters.
India has a clear aim to achieve objectives suitable for India and not for the export market.
India is behind China by 2 decades?
IMO That's true but most of it is because of Geo politics.
If you are in good books or the US, you benefit a lot as they try to use you for proxy wars. That was the case in 80s/90s/20s.
This is what exactly they are trying to do with India but India is playing smart. On the other hand, China still lacks in many areas compared to the US, primarily silicon chips and metallurgy.
Whoever can produce the smallest chip and powerful processor wins the advanced engineering race.
China is already facing the wrath of US geopolitics. Because of this it's losing a lot of money on exports and will lose more in the near future which indirectly affects the money you can spend on Military R&D.
In the next 20 years, India will have better weapons and jets than China.