Srinivas_K
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Iran is supporting Afghanistan's peace and development and is willing to give access, so even though the country is a landlocked one they can divert their trade routes through Iran.Afganistan is a landlocked country and nearly 3/4 of its trade deponds on Pak. The central Asian republics are also land locked and some of them want to use Gwadar port in future as this is the nearest route for them to the sea.
These pashtuns reigons were part of India and Afghanistan throughout the history. Afganistan itself was formed as a state by Ahmed Shah Abdali in the middle of 18th century. Ranjit Singh has conquered the Pashtuns reigns of present day of Pak in 1820s and made them the part of his Sikh empire. Then British defeated Sikhs in 1849 and made the Pashtun reiogns part of the British India. Though Durand line was made legal only in 1890. Then Pak inherited these lands from British in 1947. So technically speaking the Pashtuns reigons of Pak were not in the custody of Afgans from past 200 years and Afgahnistan itself was formed as a state only in the middle of 18th century.
Regarding Afghanistan I think you know about Durrani empire which was established by Afghans in 1700 A.D
Hotaki dynasty and Durrani Empire
Main articles: Hotaki dynasty and Durrani Empire
Mir Wais Hotak, considered as Grandfather of the Nation, revolted against the Safavids and declared southern Afghanistan an independent kingdom in 1709, which was later expanded by his son Mahmud to include Persia.
Mir Wais Hotak, seen as Afghanistan's George Washington,[84] successfully rebelled against the Persian Safavids in 1709. He overthrew and killed Gurgin Khan, and made the Afghan region independent from Persia. By 1713, Mir Wais had decisively defeated two larger Persian armies, one was led by Khusraw Khán (nephew of Gurgin) and the other by Rustam Khán. The armies were sent by Sultan Husayn, the Shah in Isfahan (now Iran), to re-take control of the Kandahar region.[85] Mir Wais died of a natural cause in 1715 and was succeeded by his brother Abdul Aziz, who was killed by Mir Wais' son Mahmud as a national traitor. In 1722, Mahmud led an Afghan army to the Persian capital of Isfahan, sacked the city after the Battle of Gulnabad and proclaimed himself King of Persia.[85] The Persians were disloyal to the Afghan rulers, and after the massacre of thousands of religious scholars, nobles, and members of the Safavid family, the Hotaki dynasty was ousted from Persia after the 1729 Battle of Damghan.[86]
Ahmad Shah Durrani, founder of the last Afghan empire and viewed as Father of the Nation.
In 1738, Nader Shah and his Afsharid forces captured Kandahar from Shah Hussain Hotaki, at which point the incarcerated 16 year old Ahmad Shah Durrani was freed and made the commander of Nader Shah's four thousand Abdali Afghans.[87] From Kandahar they set out to conquer India, passing through Ghazni, Kabul, Peshawar, and Lahore, and ultimately plundering Delhi after the Battle of Karnal. Nader Shah and his army abandoned Delhi but took with them huge treasure, which included the Koh-i-Noor and Darya-ye Noor diamonds.[88] After the death of Nader Shah in 1747, the Afghans chose Ahmad Shah Durrani as their head of state. Regarded as the founder of modern Afghanistan,[89][90][91] Durrani and his Afghan army conquered the entire present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, Khorasan and Kohistan provinces of Iran, along with Delhi in India.[38] He defeated the Indian Maratha Empire, one of his biggest victories was the 1761 Battle of Panipat.
In October 1772, Ahmad Shah Durrani died of a natural cause and was buried at a site now adjacent to the Shrine of the Cloak in Kandahar. He was succeeded by his son, Timur Shah, who transferred the capital of Afghanistan from Kandahar to Kabul in 1776. After Timur Shah's death in 1793, the Durrani throne was passed down to his son Zaman Shah followed by Mahmud Shah, Shuja Shah and others.
The Afghan Empire was under threat in the early 19th century by the Persians in the west and the Sikhs in the east. The western provinces of Khorasan and Kohistan were taken by the Persians in 1800. Fateh Khan, leader of the Barakzai tribe, had installed 21 of his brothers in positions of power throughout the empire. After his death, they rebelled and divided up the provinces of the empire between themselves. During this turbulent period, Afghanistan had many temporary rulers until Dost Mohammad Khan declared himself emir in 1826.[92] The Punjab region was lost to Ranjit Singh, who invaded Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and in 1834 captured the city of Peshawar. In 1837, Akbar Khan and the Afghan army crossed the Khyber Pass to defeat the Sikhs at the Battle of Jamrud, killing Hari Singh Nalwa before retreating to Kabul.[93][94] By this time the British were advancing from the east and the First Anglo-Afghan War, one of the first major conflicts during the Great Game, was initiated.[95]
Pakistan is a young nation formed in 1947 compared to Afghanistan.
Afghans never accepted Durand line as a border between Pakistan and Afghanistan with British, The dispute is still there.
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