Arjun Main Battle Tank (MBT)

nitesh

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Only to develop an equivalent tank if the need arises. The army can post any number of requirements. But, they have no obligation to buy it. So, it is up to you to take such a risk.This is pretty much one of the most important reasons why private industries in India don't get into the defence business. The competition is too intense and the armed forces are not bothered at your loss.

Boeing spend Billions developing the YF-23, it was rejected for a more affordable YF-22. Now imagine TATA and L&T in the same situation. Some one always get the short end of the straw. This time DRDO got the short end while Russia got the deal. Simple as that.
Well so now Boeing = DRDO and LM= Russia I think both DRDO and Russia carry same flag. I think people are totally missing the point of supporting the home grown product here and trying to justify there point by bringing un related things
 

ppgj

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But, Arjun stayed its course simply because we could afford it.
how come a project which - the user is not going to implement - could be affordable??

A lot of industries and a lot of employees were dependent on the Arjun. Cancelling the project meant the employees were no longer required. The Govt does not have a policy of firing employees en masse. Continuing the project would mean keeping a lot of people happy.
yes. the govt. can not fire. but that holds good even after cancellation of Arjun too. the employees would have been accomodated to other projects because DRDO is a govt organisation. besides saving on Arjun lines, time and money could have used for other projects.

A lot of such projects are kept running even after the military decides not to buy it. At least till their first prototype.
here, 124 are already being inducted.

The F-17 lost to the F-16 in the USAF.
because F-16 was superior in all aspects. same as Arjun is wrt to T-90.

So it is not up to the Army to cancel projects. They provide a requirement and they will have you develop a tank. But, the army places no guarantee of actually buying the product. The Govt decides if the project is to be cancelled or not at the behest of the army.
being end users, they are the people who give specs to design and develop. if they don't need it, they are the people obligated to say - NO, we don't want this. if they don't consider doing it to DRDO, they can certainly do it to the GOI.

strange thing is they still clearly do not say it!! yet they do trials!! for what???

Even if the product is not required, the govt will continue with the project for other reasons like PR, continued employment etc.
borrowing your words - we are not US. we don't have that luxury to continue production when they are not going to be inducted.

Similarly, IAF is not obligated to buy the LCA. They can simply reject the entire program and move on to inducting more MRCA. Nobody can stop it.
if it does not meet their requirements, yes. but in Arjun's case it meets the requirements just as in LCA.
 

p2prada

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Well so now Boeing = DRDO and LM= Russia I think both DRDO and Russia carry same flag. I think people are totally missing the point of supporting the home grown product here and trying to justify there point by bringing un related things
This is not a question of a home grown product. DRDO is still getting its way. The Arjuns will be further developed irrespective of the army buying it or not. DRDO is still learning to develop a tank and Arjun is still not ready. The Mk2 version will bring it closer to the other operational HMBTs like Abrams and Leopard-2. Arjun offers nothing new to our inventory and is a big burden(pun intended). It can shoot similar missiles, similar tank rounds, similar offensive and defensive capabilities and most importantly similar technology. It is almost identical to the T-90. The only added advantage of the Arjun is separate ammo compartment, hydro-pneumatic suspensions and a better FCS. The disadvantages are simply too many compared to the T-90 to make such a difference.

The crew survivability on the T-90 is currently superior to the Arjun.
 

p2prada

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how come a project which - the user is not going to implement - could be affordable??
Unlike other countries we are still learning. So, learning has no costs.

yes. the govt. can not fire. but that holds good even after cancellation of Arjun too. the employees would have been accomodated to other projects because DRDO is a govt organisation. besides saving on Arjun lines, time and money could have used for other projects.
Which other project. Do you mean a whole new tank project? That would be useless.

here, 124 are already being inducted.
It was tokenism. Just for show. Do you really think 124 tanks will be used in a war?

because F-16 was superior in all aspects. same as Arjun is wrt to T-90.
I am not talking about F-16. But, I am talking about the superior F-14 which was phased out for an inferior F-18. Why? Costs matter.

being end users, they are the people who give specs to design and develop. if they don't need it, they are the people obligated to say - NO, we don't want this. if they don't consider doing it to DRDO, they can certainly do it to the GOI.
So what!! The end user is not obligated to buy it.

strange thing is they still clearly do not say it!! yet they do trials!! for what???
They don't want to do it. DRDO forced a trial and the Govt had to relent. Tell the Army to pull out of the trials and they gladly will. The army cannot say No to the govt.

borrowing your words - we are not US. we don't have that luxury to continue production when they are not going to be inducted.
You forget the context. Even the US happily cancel projects whenever market demands it. The YAL-1 may or will be cancelled. The F-22 production has been stopped. The Zumwalt procurement has been reduced, etc etc. All these are home grown projects, they fit the requirements but are pretty much useless compared to existing inferior systems from budget point of view.

if it does not meet their requirements, yes. but in Arjun's case it meets the requirements just as in LCA.
Can you tell me what in the Arjun is soo good that it is worth kicking out all the other tanks for its induction?
 

kuku

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Don't see why they should accept it either way. They developed it and that's about it. If the Army does not want to buy it they cannot be forced to do so. DRDO has nothing to lose except a market both here and abroad. The Arjun project is well funded despite the reluctance of the army. Not many countries have such a good govt.
Funding controls procurement by the user.
Army has to give specific reasons/parameters for any procurement, they can not say that the required weight of the tank is XX MT, they have to specify requirements from armour, gun, engine etc, if the Arjun fits in their requirements they have no basis left to refuse the tank.
The Abrams threat disappeared way before that. The Pakistanis figured they cannot maintain and deploy a HMBT anyway. But, Arjun stayed its course simply because we could afford it. A lot of industries and a lot of employees were dependent on the Arjun. Cancelling the project meant the employees were no longer required. The Govt does not have a policy of firing employees en masse. Continuing the project would mean keeping a lot of people happy. So, expect a Arjun Mk2 and beyond.
Cancelling the project at that stage meant that all the development teams scientists, engineers and mechanics went to other projects, cancelling the project at production stage meant that the heavy vehicle plants arjun process stops and employees are reassigned to other projects (suffering loss of project specific manufacturing equipment, and not all the nuts, screws and bolts), T-90 production lines would need people to churn out the tanks.
Only to develop an equivalent tank if the need arises. The army can post any number of requirements. But, they have no obligation to buy it. So, it is up to you to take such a risk.This is pretty much one of the most important reasons why private industries in India don't get into the defence business. The competition is too intense and the armed forces are not bothered at your loss.

Boeing spend Billions developing the YF-23, it was rejected for a more affordable YF-22. Now imagine TATA and L&T in the same situation. Some one always get the short end of the straw. This time DRDO got the short end while Russia got the deal. Simple as that.
Boeing won a tender to develop the YF-23 for the advanced tactical fighter requirement and they got to keep all the research, Private sector needs a government that is not in direct conflict with them by running its own R&D and production facilities, as we come out of the near communist economy structure private sector keeps on developing in its technical capability.

This is not a question of a home grown product. DRDO is still getting its way.

The Arjuns will be further developed irrespective of the army buying it or not. DRDO is still learning to develop a tank and Arjun is still not ready. The Mk2 version will bring it closer to the other operational HMBTs like Abrams and Leopard-2.

Arjun offers nothing new to our inventory and is a big burden(pun intended). It can shoot similar missiles, similar tank rounds, similar offensive and defensive capabilities and most importantly similar technology. It is almost identical to the T-90.

The only added advantage of the Arjun is separate ammo compartment, hydro-pneumatic suspensions and a better FCS. The disadvantages are simply too many compared to the T-90 to make such a difference.

The crew survivability on the T-90 is currently superior to the Arjun.
Mk2 version can be complete in the same time it will take to upgrade the T-90 to current generation standards with BMS, Active protection, better engine, new ERA etc.

Arjun does offer something new in to our inventory
Indigenous IP rights: ability to upgrade as we wish, instead of Russian consulting at every step, ability to produce as many as we like, and to develop successive generations.
Better armour: the weight difference is for a reason and has been expressed on several mediums.
Technology: that has to be installed on the T-90
Same power to weight ration at same ground pressure with better transmission system and particularly flexible hydropneumatic suspension (better mobility/ maneuverability).
A better FCS (as you put it), is a huge advantage in anti tank role.

How is the crew survivability of the T-90 currently better than the Arjun?
 

Agantrope

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@ Kuku

Well said mate.

@P2Prada

Any source to support your argument that the crew protection is better in T-90 then in Arjun. I haven't found any like that one. Arjun build for the hit and survive then do the maths which will have the better crew protection.
 

nitesh

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This is not a question of a home grown product. DRDO is still getting its way. The Arjuns will be further developed irrespective of the army buying it or not. DRDO is still learning to develop a tank and Arjun is still not ready. The Mk2 version will bring it closer to the other operational HMBTs like Abrams and Leopard-2. Arjun offers nothing new to our inventory and is a big burden(pun intended). It can shoot similar missiles, similar tank rounds, similar offensive and defensive capabilities and most importantly similar technology. It is almost identical to the T-90. The only added advantage of the Arjun is separate ammo compartment, hydro-pneumatic suspensions and a better FCS. The disadvantages are simply too many compared to the T-90 to make such a difference.

The crew survivability on the T-90 is currently superior to the Arjun.
Well so 500 arjun's will just empty whole of IA of everything else? What are you saying here? Arjun firese similar missiles? Till now I was thinking that LAHAT is a different missile. Rifled guns use same ammo as smooth bore gun? my source is this: http://www.ipcs.org/pdf_file/issue/1796701917IPCS-Special-Report-23.pdf and T 90 has better crew protection then arjun you just turned the theory upside down which is having separate compartment for ammo gives more crew protection ;). And by your argument MK2 will be more heavy so it converts to more fuel guzzling more more bogie's needed to transport and all so again it will not be use ful for the "doctrine" then there is no point in making it as it will be rejected again. Now please don't tell that suddenly DGMF will be in love for heavy tanks after 10 years :D. Again you are missing the picture of supporting the home grown product.
 

Agantrope

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Mk2 version can be complete in the same time it will take to upgrade the T-90 to current generation standards with BMS, Active protection, better engine, new ERA etc.

Arjun does offer something new in to our inventory
Indigenous IP rights: ability to upgrade as we wish, instead of Russian consulting at every step, ability to produce as many as we like, and to develop successive generations.
Better armour: the weight difference is for a reason and has been expressed on several mediums.
Technology: that has to be installed on the T-90
Same power to weight ration at same ground pressure with better transmission system and particularly flexible hydropneumatic suspension (better mobility/ maneuverability).
A better FCS (as you put it), is a huge advantage in anti tank role.

How is the crew survivability of the T-90 currently better than the Arjun?
I still remember that your the one to state the fuel consumption of the Arjun it seems. Better engine means more BHP, so more fuel, isn't it contradicting with your previous post.
also no BMS for T-90 and we need to see the help of Russians in this case, but for arjun it is their own product, they tinker it in the way they want and can modify it in the way they want.

Also your posts stated about the mobility with regs the doctrine. It will nice if you explain it in a elaborate way.
 
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p2prada

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Funding controls procurement by the user.
Army has to give specific reasons/parameters for any procurement, they can not say that the required weight of the tank is XX MT, they have to specify requirements from armour, gun, engine etc, if the Arjun fits in their requirements they have no basis left to refuse the tank.
Unfortunately the Arjun is still not ready to make a valid comparison. There is still a lot left on the tank.

Cancelling the project at that stage meant that all the development teams scientists, engineers and mechanics went to other projects, cancelling the project at production stage meant that the heavy vehicle plants arjun process stops and employees are reassigned to other projects (suffering loss of project specific manufacturing equipment, and not all the nuts, screws and bolts), T-90 production lines would need people to churn out the tanks.
I am no talking about losses in materials. Arjun development is still far from over. So, I don't see why the engineers and scientists have to be reassigned. DRDO still hopes to sell the Arjuns.

Production is a different matter. It is not entirely under the ambit of DRDO. The OFB at Avadi is even happier churning out 1000 tanks rather than just 500 Arjuns.

Boeing won a tender to develop the YF-23 for the advanced tactical fighter requirement and they got to keep all the research, Private sector needs a government that is not in direct conflict with them by running its own R&D and production facilities, as we come out of the near communist economy structure private sector keeps on developing in its technical capability.
But not choosing YF-23 does defeat the purpose of developing it. It is just stored somewhere and all the research is locked up. There is no advancement beyond the first prototype. The money used to fund the prototype is lost but the experience stays. It is the same with Arjun. We need experience more than a tank.

Mk2 version can be complete in the same time it will take to upgrade the T-90 to current generation standards with BMS, Active protection, better engine, new ERA etc.
Wrong. BMS is easy to install. APS on the Arjun does not exists as of now. New engine...don't make me laugh. Where is it? New ERA...another thing DRDO is supposedly working on.:rolleyes:

BMS as a system is still not ready yet. There is a working version. But, it is yet to be tested and is not possible in the near future. So, expect the T-90 to get the same once ready. T-90 will soon have the LEDS-150 APS selected after stiff competition from Israel, UK, Germany, Russia and the US. Arjun cannot compete with the timeline or the quality with a home grown system. The 1200HP engine meant for the T-90 is already built and will be installed soon enough. The Arjun's 1500HP tanks has not even come to the testing stage yet. The T-90 ERA is simply far superior to anything we can come out with. The T-90 already had a stock Kontakt-5 ERA and was further upgraded with a whole new Kaktus ERA. The production models of the T-90M will have the Kanchan armour along with te Kaktus ERA and an APS.

Arjun does offer something new in to our inventory
Indigenous IP rights: ability to upgrade as we wish, instead of Russian consulting at every step, ability to produce as many as we like, and to develop successive generations.
Better armour: the weight difference is for a reason and has been expressed on several mediums.
Technology: that has to be installed on the T-90
Same power to weight ration at same ground pressure with better transmission system and particularly flexible hydropneumatic suspension (better mobility/ maneuverability).
A better FCS (as you put it), is a huge advantage in anti tank role.
None of this is a generation gap. The same things are present on the T-90 and indigenous IP will not help you win a war. We can build as many T-90s as we like. The Russians will not stop us. Upgrading the T-90s will be faster due to superior Russian experience. Plus, the added advantage of joining future tank projects.

How is the crew survivability of the T-90 currently better than the Arjun?
The Arjun consists of only a composite armour protection. The T-90 has composite armour, ERA and will have a new APS way sooner than the Arjun. So, you decide which of them is more protected. The Arjun Mk2 will only bring it to the level of present day T-90.
 

p2prada

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Arjun build for the hit and survive then do the maths which will have the better crew protection.
This hit and survive is only on paper. Nothing in real life. Taking a hit from an old T-72 gun will not cut it. With just composite armour, the Arjun is not going anywhere.
 

p2prada

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Again you are missing the picture of supporting the home grown product.
This is not pre independence days. We are living in a capitalist world. Every country on the planet wants to sell to India. Why would the army go indigenous by compromising on quality.
 

p2prada

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Well so 500 arjun's will just empty whole of IA of everything else? What are you saying here? Arjun firese similar missiles? Till now I was thinking that LAHAT is a different missile. Rifled guns use same ammo as smooth bore gun? my source is this: http://www.ipcs.org/pdf_file/issue/1796701917IPCS-Special-Report-23.pdf
Similar is different from same. Can you tell me the difference between the killing capability of the LAHAT and the Refleks? They are the same in killing capability.

and T 90 has better crew protection then arjun you just turned the theory upside down which is having separate compartment for ammo gives more crew protection ;).
Already answered in previous posts.

And by your argument MK2 will be more heavy so it converts to more fuel guzzling more more bogie's needed to transport and all so again it will not be use ful for the "doctrine" then there is no point in making it as it will be rejected again.
Yes. It will be rejected again. But, we are learning, aren't we?

Now please don't tell that suddenly DGMF will be in love for heavy tanks after 10 years :D.
We do not know how the next generation tank will be like. It could be smaller and lighter. Add stealth and automation too. So, 10 or 20 years down the line we may look at a completely new type of warfare.

Again you are missing the picture of supporting the home grown product.
This is not pre independence days. We are living in a capitalist world. Every country on the planet wants to sell to India. Why would the army go indigenous by compromising on quality.
 

Agantrope

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This hit and survive is only on paper. Nothing in real life. Taking a hit from an old T-72 gun will not cut it. With just composite armour, the Arjun is not going anywhere.
We havent seen the Hit and survive concpet till now. How can you draw into a conclusion? Have you saw arjun trial run? It one of the highly classified trail made by IA.
All tanks are vulnerable, But which one survives till the last matter. Al-Khalid is no more than a heavily upgraded T-80. All tanks made are composite armour/ceramic steel armour.

And again dont compare the YF-23,22 scenario here and it seems more to justifiy th action of IA
 

Agantrope

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This is not pre independence days. We are living in a capitalist world. Every country on the planet wants to sell to India. Why would the army go indigenous by compromising on quality.
You wanna lose your GDP growth and forex in other pocket even when we have the enough resource??? ;)

Addon: Kanchan Armour is considered to be placed in the t-90s in the place kaktus/kontact
 
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bengalraider

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@P2P you say the T-90 is far better protected than the arjun i really don't get it.Lets' talk about the add on ARMOR on both these tanks for once; there are two major types in use around the world today the ERA favored by the russian tanks and the Composite armor favored by the west.

first i take the russian baby the T-90 and it's KONTAKT/KAKTUS ERA
We talk so much about the perceived invincibility of ERA ; but we forget what ERA is , Explosive reactive armor is designed to do one thing -explode outwards towards any projectile trying to penetrate it thereby deflecting and possible damaging it, however there's a serious drawback - once an ERA brick explodes it is pretty much useless, a second round in roughly the same spot will penetrate.ERA is most effective against HEAT(thanks to P2P for pointing out my error:)) rounds and that too only once.
Now let's come to composite armor
Composite armor consists of layers of metal plastics and ceramics moulded and bonded together, the british chobham and indian kanchan are of this type;modular composite armor was developed initially to defeat the threat of HESH projectiles and have now expanded to include all sorts of projectiles; the effectiveness of composite armor was best displayed by the British challenger in desert storm and the 2003 Iraq war where not one challenger was lost to OPFOR tank fire, the Abrams also proved it's worth destroying more than 2000 iraqi tanks while losing only 4 of it's own. The primary benefit of Composite armor is that it lasts one hit does not disable it.
 
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notinlove

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first i take the russian baby the T-90 and it's KONTAKT/KAKTUS ERA
We talk so much about the perceived invincibility of ERA ; but we forget what ERA is , Explosive reactive armor is designed to do one thing -explode outwards towards any projectile trying to penetrate it thereby deflecting and possible damaging it, however there's a serious drawback - once an ERA brick explodes it is pretty much useless, a second round in roughly the same spot will penetrate.ERA is most effective against APFSDS rounds and that too only once.
Buddy an ERA tile is no bigger than a Brick which is about 10 cm wide. so here you are talking about a CEP of 10 cm ... which is possible only by sniper rifles not tank guns... if you are talking about blind luck then even a composite armour hit exactly at the same point will yield.
 
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kuku

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Unfortunately the Arjun is still not ready to make a valid comparison. There is still a lot left on the tank.
Like what?
I am no talking about losses in materials. Arjun development is still far from over. So, I don't see why the engineers and scientists have to be reassigned. DRDO still hopes to sell the Arjuns.

Production is a different matter. It is not entirely under the ambit of DRDO. The OFB at Avadi is even happier churning out 1000 tanks rather than just 500 Arjuns.
In case we had to close arjun and start a new MBT development. As was said.

But not choosing YF-23 does defeat the purpose of developing it. It is just stored somewhere and all the research is locked up. There is no advancement beyond the first prototype. The money used to fund the prototype is lost but the experience stays. It is the same with Arjun. We need experience more than a tank.
No the research is not locked up its reflected in the companies subsequent projects. The money is paid by the government, i doubt how the private companies will not prefer that.
Wrong. BMS is easy to install. APS on the Arjun does not exists as of now. New engine...don't make me laugh. Where is it? New ERA...another thing DRDO is supposedly working on.:rolleyes:
Dont play sacrasm with me, for the T-90 we are importing the whole thing at the same costs, and same can be done for Arjun, we will just call it indigenous.

APS has to be installed on both Arjun and T-90 and the multiple options available are equally advanced. Engine for the T-90 has to be upgraded, otherwise current imported ones and their domestic versions are available for both the tanks.

BMS as a system is still not ready yet. There is a working version. But, it is yet to be tested and is not possible in the near future. So, expect the T-90 to get the same once ready. T-90 will soon have the LEDS-150 APS selected after stiff competition from Israel, UK, Germany, Russia and the US. Arjun cannot compete with the timeline or the quality with a home grown system.

The 1200HP engine meant for the T-90 is already built and will be installed soon enough. The Arjun's 1500HP tanks has not even come to the testing stage yet. The T-90 ERA is simply far superior to anything we can come out with. The T-90 already had a stock Kontakt-5 ERA and was further upgraded with a whole new Kaktus ERA. The production models of the T-90M will have the Kanchan armour along with te Kaktus ERA and an APS.
BMS as a system, will involve several types of vehicles, not just T-90 or Arjun. No it will not have that system soon, the contracts a long one including development for installation. And the same can be done for Arjun under the same contract.

you need the contract for any installations first, then comes the installation.

No its not the best one available in the market, and there are plenty of options, the reason it doesnot matter is because they are imported for both types., T-90 ERA is definatly not the best one just by being one in the market, and there has to be constant upgrade on the ERA, as developments in the ATGM missile technology keep on rendering older types irrelevant in a modern battlefield.

From all credible information i have seen there is no T-90M with Kanchan armour, what you see is all that exists with a tender on APS under processing.
None of this is a generation gap. The same things are present on the T-90 and indigenous IP will not help you win a war. We can build as many T-90s as we like. The Russians will not stop us. Upgrading the T-90s will be faster due to superior Russian experience. Plus, the added advantage of joining future tank projects.
The T-90 as it stands now, right now, today, is a tank from 1990 and not a day younger, its a whole generation behind.

Indigenous IP translates into spending the money for upgrade at home, doing so without releasing a tender which takes time or price negotiations which take time, increasing the production numbers without price negotiations, and the Russians have already delayed the production of T-90 in India, right now even adding a new type of weapon requires Russian consulting as they are more at home with their tank and its FCS.

There is no added advantage of joining future tank projects with Russia for developing tanks, we have already seen that we prefer other player for all the high tech parts like APS, BMS, communication equipment, all-electric drive, drive by wire, upgrading to mil std-1553/1773, NWS architecture and implementation, so the question remains of engine, armour, transmission etc. where we have the capability to improve in private sector in the coming 20 years, so why bother .
The Arjun consists of only a composite armour protection. The T-90 has composite armour, ERA and will have a new APS way sooner than the Arjun. So, you decide which of them is more protected. The Arjun Mk2 will only bring it to the level of present day T-90.
I think you forget that the sandwich Armour is much thicker on the Arjun and And it has shown documented resistance better than the T-72/90. ERA is not exactly the cutting edge technology you make it out to be, mostly to compensate from vulnerability its certainly not a silver bullet with the advances in tandem warheads this game will keep on going to NERA, Electric RA and the only way to stay ahead is to have more facilities like the HEMRL, the very advantage of sandwich armour is the ease of installation of other options (ERA is a custom made add on tile). The very lack of this parameter in the military requirements for the last 10 years should show this to you.

To say that Arjun is not at the same level as T-90 because the latter has to employ RA to compensate for the armour is not true.

The same tender for upgrading to APS that can be implemented on T-90 and arjun with a third party installation, and the tender is yet to process.

The biggest advantage T-90 has right now is in terms of immediate war fighting capability, its already in numbers and serving.

However being shortsighted often leads to loosing in terms of the bigger picture, right now our economy sits at a point where the next 20 years have a positive chance of tremendous development, to defer the process of going indigenous right now in fields that we can afford to will leave us in the same situation 20 years from now, and many military organisations have carried out similar changes with success. All the tanks inducted and upgraded today will serve for the next 20-30 years.
 
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notinlove

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This is for Those People Who think that the Armour on the T-90 and T-72 is just a Bar of Butter and would be sliced through by anything .

During the tests we used only the weapons which existed with NATO armies during the last decade of the Cold War to determine how effective such weapons would have been against these examples of modern Soviet tank design. Our results were completely unexpected. When fitted to the T-72A1 and B1 the 'heavy' ERA made them immune to the DU (Depleted Uranium) penetrators of the M829A1 APFSDS (used by the 120 mm guns of the Cold War era US M1 Abrams tanks), which are among the most formidable of current tank gun projectiles. We also tested the 30mm GAU-8 Avenger (the gun of the A-10 Thunderbolt II Strike Plane), the 30mm M320 (the gun of the AH-64 Apache Attack Helicopter) and a range of standard NATO Anti Tank Guided Missiles – all with the same result of no penetration or effective destruction of the test vehicles. The combined protection of the standard armour and the ERA gives the Tanks a level of protection equal to our own. The myth of Soviet inferiority in this sector of arms production that has been perpetuated by the failure of downgraded T-72 export tanks in the Gulf Wars has, finally, been laid to rest. The results of these tests show that if a NATO/Warsaw Pact confrontation had erupted in Europe, the Soviets would have had parity (or perhaps even superiority) in armour” – U.S. Army Spokesperson at the show.
http://www.militaryphotos.net/forum...e-Russian-Tank-Armour-Stand-Up-to-Examination
This is an article from Jane's 1997. Could not post the original link as it appears to have been taken offline.
Some might argue that the tests were on old tanks and the penetrator technology has advanced from then onwards but then Armour technology also has not been standing still kontact-5 made way for Kaktus and then Kaktus for relikt.
 

p2prada

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@P2P you saty the T-90 is far better protected than the arjun i really don't get it.Lets' talk about the add on ARMOR on both these tanks for once; there are two major types in use around the world today the ERA favored by the russian tansk and the Composite armor favored by the west.
Not necessarily true. Only Russian tanks can handle the weight penalty without compromising its effectiveness by a large degree. At the same time the heavier western tanks cannot handle adding more weight. M1Abrams are a different beast all together because of the use of Depleted Uranium in the armour. Even the Challenger-2s come out with ERA when fighting in cities. Even the Israeli Merkavas used ERA in the Arab Israeli wars. So, whenever a war comes up the countries can justify the use of ERA away from the ambit of budget pressures.

first i take the russian baby the T-90 and it's KONTAKT/KAKTUS ERA
We talk so much about the perceived invincibility of ERA ; but we forget what ERA is , Explosive reactive armor is designed to do one thing -explode outwards towards any projectile trying to penetrate it thereby deflecting and possible damaging it, however there's a serious drawback - once an ERA brick explodes it is pretty much useless, a second round in roughly the same spot will penetrate.ERA is most effective against APFSDS rounds and that too only once.
ERA is most effective against HEAT rounds rather than APFSDS. The fact is the biggest threat to tanks in urban warfare is not other tanks but it is Man portable RPGs. The latest RPGs coming out of Russia will have even the Abrams running for cover. In the Iraq war a Challenger 2 was penetrated by a RPG-29 through the ERA and the frontal armour and injured the driver.

If you look at the India scenario, the situation is similar. In open space, the tanks are biggest threats, but in closed spaces, the RPGs are. The Pakistanis primarily use APFSDS rounds on their tanks, though they have all types. However, countering the threat of RPGs with HEAT charges is not that easy. A guy can sneak up to a tank to destroy it and this is where the ERA helps.

Also, you need to be really lucky to get a shot at the same spot twice. This can be done with Tandem Charges. But, that is the risk you need to take. So, completely negating the advantages of ERA because of its one shot protection capability is not exact.

Now let's come to composite armor
Composite armor consists of layers of metal plastics and ceramics moulded and bonded together, the british chobham and indian kanchan are of this type;modular composite armor was developed initially to defeat the threat of HESH projectiles and have now expanded to include all sorts of projectiles; the effectiveness of composite armor was best displayed by the British challenger in desert storm and the 2003 Iraq war where not one challenger was lost to OPFOR tank fire, the Abrams also proved it's worth destroying more than 2000 iraqi tanks while losing only 4 of it's own. The primary benefit of Composite armor is that it lasts one hit does not disable it.
The Western tanks depend on ERA too.

The Iraqis had very bad guns, very bad maintenance, very bad shells and, most importantly, a very bad strategy of using "export" tanks. The Iraqis lost the tank war badly due to ineffective use of tanks. They tried using tanks the wrong way. By digging them and placing them in sand bunkers, they exposed one of the most vulnerable parts of the T series, the top. The Abrams with their superior range and guns shot them all like in a video game. The unavailability of modern shells also crippled the Iraqis to fight back.

Even in cities, the Iraqis had to be content with the older RPG-7s, which were ineffective against the Arbams DU armour.

And something interesting in this picture,
Check out the ones marked in red.



Newer generation RPGs will require such protection on tanks.
 

notinlove

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Here is some more info

20.10.1999 T-80U and T-90 Protection Trials

On October 20, 1999 extensive trials of T-80U and T-90 protection from various types of threats were conducted at TsNIIO 643a Testing Grounds. The tests involved firing large amounts of ordnance (including several versions of RPG ATGL, light and heavy ATGMs, and APFSDS rounds) at frontal projections of T-80U and T-90 MBTs both protected with Kontakt-V ERA and stripped of it.

T-80U and T-90 MBTs were represented by 3 vehicles each, one with Kontakt-V ERA, one with removed explosive packages and one reserve vehicle. For the ERA part of trials, knocked-out ERA packages were replaced after each shot.

One more T-80U MBT was used for special trials that focused on testing of Shtora-1 EOCMDAS.

The following weapons were used:

* Infantry ATGLs (fired at a distance of 40m)
o RPG-7 (using advanced 105mm grenade PG-7VR with a tandem warhead, pen. 650mm RHA)
o RPG-26 (disposable launcher, pen. >500mm RHA)
o RPG-29 (advanced 105mm launcher, pen. 750mm RHA)
* ATGMs (fired at a distance of 600m)
o Malyutka-2 (pen. >600mm RHA)
o Metis (pen. 460mm RHA)
o Konkurs (pen. 650mm RHA)
o Kornet (pen. >850mm RHA)
* APFSDS (fired from T-80U MBT at a distance of 1,500m, the most likely round is 3BM42)

Each weapon was fired 5 times at each target, for a total of 20 shots per weapon. The total number of shots fired during the trials thus exceeded 150.

The trials yielded the following outcome:

* ATGLs
o T-90: RPG-29 produced a total of 3 penetrations.
No other RPG rounds could penetrate even the stripped target.
o T-80U: RPG-29 penetrated 3 times with ERA, all 5 times without ERA.
Of all other grenades, one PG-7VR penetrated the stripped target.
* ATGMs
o T-90: No ATGMs could penetrate the ERA-equipped target. One Kornet ATGM penetrated the stripped target.
o T-80U: 2 Kornet ATGMs penetrated the ERA-equipped target, all 5 penetrated the stripped target.
No other ATGMs could penetrate.
* APFSDS
o T-90: ERA-equipped target could not be penetrated. Furthermore, after firing the crew entered the vehicle, activated it and was able to execute the firing sequence.
Without ERA
, one round penetrated.
o T-80U (data available only for stripped target): One round almost penetrated (3mm hole in the inner lining, no visible equipment damage); two penetrated to 1/2 thickness; one missed the target completely; one hit the gun.
Shtora-1 Trials

10 Kornet ATGMs with removed warheads were fired at a tank with a crew. 4 ATGMs hit the tank, the other 6 deviated to the left of the target in the middle of the flight.

Conclusions (VF)

* RPG-29 proved to be by far the most potent weapon among those used. As powerful as heavy ATGM Kornet, it appeared to assure the frontal penetration of T-80U even for the squad-level firepower. Even though T-90 fared better, it is still not immune to it. Considering sufficient proliferation of this weapon and the fact that this is still a fairly light infantry weapon, it is the most dangerous adversary of modern Russian MBTs, and is a very disturbing development.
* Original reports that ATGM Kornet performance is severely degraded by ERA due to its peculiar order of internal components proved true as the ATGM with at least 100mm higher penetrating potential was not superior to a much lighter RPG-29.
* Report of Shtora-1 EOCMDAS trials is confusing. Being laser-guided, ATGM Kornet should not suffer any interference from Shtora as it only affects IR SACLOS ATGMs. Furthermore, ATGMs can only deviate to the left if the marker is set to the left of both emitters, which is hardly likely. It is possible, however unlikely, that it was caused by a sloppy work of removal the warhead which e.g. could cause a gyro cofusion.

http://www.russianarmor.info/Tanks/TRIALS/19991020.html
Arjun took hits from a T-72, and T-90 took hits from a T-80 .... now i am not saying that arjun's armour is inferior ...but saying that arjun can take hits from t-72 does not make a case that the T-90's armour is inferior to Arjun and moreover The T-90 can Take Hits and Still Roll and which seemed to be the gold standard in armour for some members, also in arjun tests it was never claimed that arjun could take hits and still roll on it just stated that arjun could survive hits from a T-72 which could mean that the crew could survive or anything it still doesn't say that the arjun was able to roll on and flatten the other tank.
 

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