Evolution of the Tupolev-160 sans suffixe
With the successful completion of the Tupolev-144 programme, and the less-than-successful service life of the Tupolev-144, both the Tupolev Design Bureau and the Soviet military saw the promise it held of possible military uses. One reason for this is that neither the Soviet Air Force not the Soviet Navy had an aircraft capable of penetrating the air defences of NATO.
There were three bureaux working on a reconnaissance/strike aircraft: Sukhoi Design Bureau, Myasishchev Design Bureau, and of course, Tupolev Design Bureau.
In the late 1960s and in the 1970s, the Tupolev Design Bureau was working on the Tupolev-144R, a missile carrier. This was followed by the Tupolev-144D, with a longer range.
Air Marshal (R) Vasily Reshetnikov, then the Colonel-General, was given a presentation about the new aircraft. He immediately spotted the striking similarity of the aircraft with the Tupolev-144. Considering the Tupolev-144 had a forgettable operational life, Reshetnikov was not impressed.
Eventually, the Tupolev-160M* (starred, so as not to confuse with the current operational Tupolev-160M) was devised. Nonetheless, this Tupolev-160M* still had plenty of similarities with the Tupolev-144. A picture is provided below for perspective.
Schematic diagram of Tupolev-160M*.
While there were many theoretical modifications done to the Tupolev-144, all of them looked very similar to the original Tupolev-144. A picture is provided below for perspective.
Illustration comparing the Tupolev-160M* with the Tupolev-144D.
One of the last attempt by the Tupolev Design Bureau was the Tupolev-144MR, a long-range maritime reconnaissance/strike aircraft. A picture is provided below for perspective.
Illustration of the Tupolev-144MR.
In late 1970, Myasishchev Design Bureau started work on the Myasishchev M-18. Please note, this came after Myasishchev M-20, although Myasishchev M-20 was more innovative. Myasishchev M-18 had quite a lot of similarities with the current Tupolev-160 sans suffixe airframe. A picture of the model is provided below for perspective.
Model of the Myasishchev M-18.
Myasishchev Design Bureau worked hard with TsAGI (Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute), including 1200 hours of computer analysis of its airframes, including one with a front canard. Eventually, Myasishchev M-18 was chosen as the “safer” option over Myasishchev M-20.
The Soviet government invited Myasishchev, Sukhoi, and Tupolev Design Bureaux, to encourage competition and submit their proposals for a long range bomber. The Tupolev Design Bureau had an edge, because it had the best expertise in heavy bombers. Sukhoi Design Bureau did offer their T-4, but it was too much of a fighter aircraft and not much of a long range heavy bomber aircraft. Myasishchev Design Bureau claimed to be the winner of the contest and there is some truth to it, of technical remarks of the evaluators were to be considered; however, there never was any announcement of the official winner and the details thereof are classified to this day. An alternative interpretation could be that the Sukhoi Design Bureau was the winner. Eventually, it was “recommended” that Myasishchev Design Bureau had over all its documents related to the Myasishchev M-18 to the Tupolev Design Bureau.
So as not to discredit the Tupolev Design Bureau, they also carried out extensive tests of various models before settling for the airframe that we see today. Two interesting models that were considered are depicted in the two pictures below.
Experimental model of the Tupolev-160 that seems to have been influenced by the Tupolev-22M3.
Experimental model of the Tupolev-160 sans suffixe, with the jet turbines positioned somewhat like the Tupolev-144, and a T-Tail empennage like in the Tupolev-134, Tupolev-154, Ilyushin-62, Ilyushin-76, and several other Soviet aircraft.
Source:
Book entitled “Tupolev Tu-144” by Yefim Gordon, Dmitriy Komissarov, and Vladimir Rigmant.
Book entitled “Tupolev Tu-160” by Yefim Gordon, and Dmitriy Komissarov.