the M-MRCA Resource pool thread

Soham

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The most beautiful part of the Rafale...its cockpit :

 

Soham

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Russian aircraft manufacturer MiG unveiled the MiG-35 fighter, in the form to be offered to India for its multirole combat aircraft (MRCA) requirement, at the Aero India exhibition in February 2007.
The company also released extensive details of the radar, electro-optical sensor and other systems for the fighter at the show in Bangalore. The airframe is the well-known MiG-29M2 (no. 154), but the-MiG-35 electronics suite was put on display for the first time.

The aircraft's avionics system has been integrated into the fire-control and navigation system by Ramenskoye Design Bureau (RPKB). All of the devices are interconnected by a data bus compatible with MIL-STD-1553B and controlled by a computational system made by RPKB. The MiG-35's main fire-control sensor is the Zhuk-AE radar with active electronically scanned antenna (AESA) made by Phazotron- Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Radiostroeniya (NIIR) Corporation in Moscow. A mock-up of the preliminary variant of this radar was showcased at the 7th International Aviation and Space Salon MAKS exhibition at Zhukovsky in August 2005. The radar had a 700 mm diameter antenna made of 1,088 transmit-receive (TR) modules (272 packs with four modules each), but at 450 kg was considered too heavy. In the next design, the weight of individual components was reduced, cut-outs in the radar body were made and a light magnesium alloy used.

To further reduce the weight to 220 kg the antenna diameter was decreased to 575 mm and the number of TR modules reduced to 680 (170 packs with four modules each). An experimental Zhuk-AE radar (the previous planned designation Zhuk-MAE was abandoned) was made with this design at the end of 2006 and then installed on the MiG-35 shown at Aero India. Zhuk-AE was due to start flight tests in March as the first Russian radar with active electronic scanning and another prototype radar enter testing at the same time.
An initial batch of 12 Zhuk-AE radars is due to be manufactured in 2008. The first stage Zhuk-AE radar (also designated FGA29) shown at Aero India is a modernised version of the mechanically scanned Zhuk-ME radar fitted with new AESA antenna. It uses the Zhuk-ME radar computing system including data processor, signal processor and software as well as the clock generator. The Zhuk-AE/FGA29 radar can be built by converting Zhuk-ME radars. Phazotron-NIIR will probably offer this manufacturing option for users of Zhuk-ME such as Algeria, Eritrea, India and Yemen.

Threat tracking
The Zhuk-AE/FGA29 is a multifunction X-band radar (3 cm wavelength), which can track and engage air, ground and sea targets. The radar in its present form has a search range of 130 km against fighter aircraft with a radar cross-section of 5 m2.-Phazotron claims that thanks to selecting proper range between radiating elements, a ± deflection of the antenna beam was achieved without parasite side lobes. The radar can track up to 30 air targets and engage six of them simultaneously. The second stage radar, designated Zhuk-AE/FGA35, will be fitted to production MiG-35 fighter aircraft. They will receive a new computing system and new multifunction wideband generator. According to Phazotron, these changes mean AESA technology can be better exploited and new radar operation modes introduced. Additionally, due to a reduction in the size and weight of the radar modules, the antenna mirror can be moved further away from the nose of the aircraft and its diameter increased. The FGA35 will operate with a 700 mm diameter antenna with between 1,000 and 1,100 TR modules. The present design suggests there will be 1,064 modules, but slight changes are possible. The range of Zhuk-AE/FGA35 will be 200 km (for a 5 m2 target). The radar will be capable of tracking up to 60 air targets and engaging six of them. All radar components were designed and manufactured by Phazotron-NIIR except for the TR module. Almaz-Phazotron in Saratov unsuccessfully tried to produce its own TR module in 2002.

Phazotron-NIIR engaged two companies from Tomsk Mikran and Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut Poluprovodnikovykh-Priborov (NIIPP [Scientific-Research Institute of Semiconductor Instruments]) to manufacture the TR modules. Mikran designs Russian MMIC circuits and TR modules, while NIIPP undertakes their production on an industrial scale. One Indian MRCA tender requirement is the transfer of fighter production to India. Phazotron-NIIR believes it can offer substantial opportunities for work on the production of the Zhuk-AE radar. Of equal importance for the MiG-35 are its two electro-optical built-in sensor unit the air-to-air OLS-UEM (Optiko-Lokatsionnaya Stantsiya [optical locator station]) system and the air-to-ground OLS-K (Optiko-Lokatsionnaya Konteynernaya [optical locator podded]) system.
Both of the units were developed by NII PP (Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Institut Pretsizionnogo Priborostroyeniya [Scientific Research Institute of Precision Instruments Engineering]), which previously
specialised in optical and laser equipment used to measure the trajectory of missiles and space stations.

Target alert
The OLS-UEM imaging InfraRed Search-and-Track (IRST) unit automatically detects and tracks air and surface targets, as well as showing the pilot an image of the target for recognition purposes.
The unit includes a 320 x 256 pixel thermal imaging camera and a 640 x 480 pixel TV camera. The optical path, with scanning mirror, is common to both cameras and protected by a semi-spherical transparent dome made of leucosapphire. The mirror scans airspace within the range of ± in azimuth and within -15/+60˚ in elevation (with respect to the aircraft axis). Air targets can be detected at ranges out to 45 km in tail-on position or 15 km in hea d-on position. The built-in laser rangefinder operates in two wavelengths 1.57 µm (eye-safe) for training and 1.06 µm for combat use. It covers distances from 200 m out to 20 km.
The whole OLS-UEM unit weighs 78 kg and its size is similar to that of the former OLS-29 EO unit of earlier MiG-29 aircraft, developed by UOMZ Company in Yekaterinburg. The prototype of the OLS-UEM locator was installed in the experimental MiG-29M2, which was modified to become the-MiG-35 prototype in 2006. The similar but simpler OLS-UE version is installed in Indian-MiG-29K shipborne fighters.
The OLS-K system is used to detect and track surface targets. According to NII PP, the OLS-K can detect a tank-sized target from a distance of 20 km or a motor boat from 40 km; the laser rangefinder measures distances out to 20 km. The optical channel, which is common to the IR sensor and TV camera, is installed under a hemispherical, transparent dome similar to that of the OLS-UEM unit. The device includes a laser rangefinder/target designator and a laser spot tracker. The OLS-K is installed inside a conformal pod that is 1.98 m long and weighs 110 kg, and is suspended under the starboard engine air trunk.
The MiG-35 self-defence suite controls the warning devices (radar, optical and laser) and the electronic jammer, as well as the chaff/flare launchers.
This fully automatic system launches defensive measures and recommends evasive manoeuvres. The most urgent warning information is repeated by voice signal. The devices included in the self-defence suite have not yet been finally specified. The most probable candidate among radar warning receivers (RWRs) is the Indian Tarang Mk2 unit, which is the Indian Air Force standard. The Russian option is the L150 Pastel unit. The RWR has three antennas. Two of them installed on the wing tips cover the front hemisphere, whereas the third, installed on the tailfin, covers a 90Ëš azimuth of the rear hemisphere. The infrared missile-approach warning device SOAR (Stantsiya Obnaruzheniya Atakuyushchikh Raket) has been developed by NII PP, as have the optical locators. The device has two sensors; the one under the portside engine air trunk watches the lower hemisphere, whereas the other, situated behind the pilot cockpit, watches the upper hemisphere.
The SOAR can detect the launch of a portable anti-aircraft missile from a distance of 10 km, air-to-air missile from 30 km and large anti-aircraft missile from-50 km. The device detects the launch of the missile and indicates the direction from which it is approaching.

The SOLO (Stantsiya Obnaruzheniya Lazernogo Oblucheniya) laser warning device, also designed by NII PP, has two sensors located on the wing tips covering 360˚ in azimuth. The SOLO device can detect a laser rangefinder tracking the aircraft up to a distance of-30 km and finds its angular position with an accuracy of 0.5˚. The operational range is within 1.06 µm through 1.57 µm and the device weighs 800 g.
MiG and Italy's Elettronica announced in Bangalore that they had co-operated on the integration of the self-protection jammer ELT/568(v)2 into the MiG-35 self-protection system.

Defence deployment
The ELT/568 unit covers bands H-J (on board section) and E-G (podded section). Two active-phased array antennas located in the wings' leading edges cover the front hemisphere, whereas the third, located in the root of the starboard tailfin, covers the rear hemisphere. The pod, installed under the portside outer wing pylon, has two antennas front and rear. Russian options for jamming units have not been declared, but one may be the SAP-518, made by Kaluga's Research Institute of Radio Engineering (KNIRTI), which also includes a high-band built-in section and a medium-band podded section. The MiG-35 will receive two 16-round 50 mm flare dispensers installed inside the tail beams close to the engines. MiG also announced that French systems have been considered for the MiG-35 self-defence suite, but did not provide details.
 

Soham

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Slides from Eurofighter presentation :

 

Soham

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Graphical representation of the data link in Gripen-Cockpit

 

Soham

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Electro-optical locators in the Mig.
Other innovative features in the MiG-35 sensor suite are two electro-optical units--an air-to-air device (OLS-UEM) built into the aircraft nose and a podded air-to-ground device (OLS-K). Both units have been developed by NII PP institute (Precizionnogo Priborostroyeniya, Precision Instruments), a specialist in optical and laser equipment used for trajectory measurement in missile and space applications. The OLS devices represent the first application of the institute's technology in the aviation domain.

The OLS-UEM (Optiko-Lokatsionnaya Stantsiya, optical locator station) imaging infrared search and track device detects and tracks air and surface targets, as well as showing the pilot an image of the target for identification purposes. The unit includes a thermal imaging camera (with a 320x256 matrix) and a TV camera (640x480). The optical portion, including the scanning mirror, which is shared by both cameras, is housed in a transparent leucosapphire dome. The mirror scans a zone within [+ or -] 90[degrees] in azimuth and within -15[degrees]/+60[degrees] in elevation (with respect to the aircraft axis). Airborne targets can be detected at distances up to 45km in the tail-on position, or 15km in the head-on position.

The integrated laser rangefinder operates at two wavelengths: 1.57 microns (eye-safe) for training and 1.06 microns for combat. The rangefinder can determine the distance to the target from 200m to 20km. The weight of the whole unit is 78kg and the overall size is similar to the former OLS-29 electro-optical unit on the MiG-29 developed by UOMZ in Yekaterinburg. The prototype of the OLS-UEM locator was installed in 2006 on the MiG-29M2 experimental aircraft, subsequently transformed into the MiG-35 prototype. The same device, in the simpler OLS-UE version, is installed on Indian MiG-29K shipborne fighters.

Another electro-optical search-and-track device, OLS-K (Konteynernaya, podded), is used for detection and tracking of surface targets. According to Nil PP data, the OLS-K device can detect a tank from distance of 20km or a motor boat from 40km. The laser can measure the distance up to 20km. The optical channel, which is shared by the infrared sensor and the TV camera, is installed under a transparent dome similar to the dome of the OLSU-EM unit. The device also includes a laser rangefinder/target designator and laser spot tracker. The OLS-K is installed inside a conformal pod (length 1,980mm, weight 110kg) mounted under the starboard engine air duct.

Self-defence suite

The MiG-35 self-defence suite controls the warning devices (radar, optical and laser), electronic jammer and chaff/flare dispensers. This fully automatic system alerts the pilot to the threat, starts defensive measures and recommends an evasive manoeuvre. Urgent warnings are repeated in the form of vocal alerts.

The defintive configuration of the self-defence suite has not been fully specified. The most probable candidate among radar warning receivers is India's Tarang Mk2 unit, which is the standard equipment on Indian Air Force aircraft. The Russian option is the L150 Pastel unit. The radar warning receiver has three antennas: two of them (one on each wing tip) cover the front hemisphere, while the third, installed on the tailfin, provides 90[degrees]-azimuth coverage of the rear hemisphere.

The SOAR (Stantsiya Obnaruzheniya Atakuyushchikh Raket) infrared missile approach warning device was also developed by the NII PP institute. The device has two sensors; one of them, situated under the port engine air duct, scans the lower hemisphere, while the other, located on the top of the fuselage aft of the cockpit, watches the upper hemisphere. The SOAR can detect a Manpads missile launch from a distance of 10km, air-to-air missile from 30km and large antiaircraft missile from 50km. As well as detecting the missile launch, the device indicates the direction from which the missile is approaching.



 

Soham

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Rafale Display. (They use Windows XP !)



This is when it crashed :D The blue screen of death !

 

Soham

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The classic interception conf. with 6 mica and a supersonic drop tank.

 

Soham

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Above Afghanistan loaded with 4 AASM:
 

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