Swat Valley: Ancestors of Gandhari Prakrit speakers?

[Indo-Aryan]

Aligrama_IA
970-550bce
G2a2a, R2a3a, L1a


Barikot_IA
1000-800bce
U2e1, H2Oa, J1b1b, U8b1a1, M65a
H1a1

Butkara_IA
200-0bce
M30b, U2a, HV
J1

Katelai_IA
1000-800bce
U4d, J1d, M35b, Z31a1
J2a1, R2a

Leobanr
1300-1000bce
R30b1
L1a
1000-800bce
W3a1b, U2e, M4, M5, U7a, T2g1, U2c1, U3b
L1a x4, R1b, R2a, C1b, Q1b2

Saidu Sharif
500-300bce
H, H15a, M30, K1b1, M52a, C4a, H13a, R5a2, U2b2
R1a1a1b, L1a, Q1b2, A

Udegram_IA
1200-800bce
M65a1, T2a1b x2, U8b, R30a1b, U7a, U1a, H2a2, M, U4c, W3a1, U1a1, H14a,
E1a, E1b x8, A0T, CT, H1a1a

Early Indo-Aryan & Middle Indo-Aryan speakers in SWAT weren't bearers of R1a. Though they do carry European specific mtDNA lineages.

E1b1b, L1a & R2a appear to be the main Y HG lineages. E1b1b heavy in Udegram, L1a heavy in Leobanr.

 

[Indo-Aryan]

Wilde et al. (2014) tested mtDNA samples from the Yamna culture, the presumed homeland (or Urheimat) of Proto-Indo-European speakers, and found T2a1b in the Middle Volga region and Bulgaria.

Udegram_IA has 2 of them.

Similarly U2e is also from Europe. Many of these H mtDNA lineages are of European origin.

W3a1 & U2b2 are Harappan lineages.

There is U4d1 in Afanasievo. U4d in Swat.
A possible Mitanni in Alakh 1500bce is H2a3. Harappa had H2a (2500bce Iran) and Swat has H2a2.
No idea if these lineages are related

 

[Indo-Aryan]

E1b1b is found at high frequencies in Morocco (over 80%), Somalia (80%), Ethiopia (40% to 80%), Tunisia (70%), Algeria (60%), Egypt (40%), Jordan (25%), Palestine (20%), and Lebanon (17.5%).

On the European continent it has the highest concentration in Kosovo (over 45%), Albania and Montenegro (both 27%), Bulgaria (23%), Macedonia and Greece (both 21%), Cyprus (20%), Sicily (20%), South Italy (18.5%), Serbia (18%) and Romania (15%). Ashkenazi Jews have approximately 20% of E1b1b, which falls mostly under specific clades of E-M123.

Where is this Haplogroup coming from ? Only 1 sample in BMAC has it. Was it present in Indus Valley or did it came from BMAC only time will tell?

 

[Indo-Aryan]

H13a
H13a1 : found in Bronze Age Poland
H13a2: found among the ancient Caucasian Alans and Tian Shan Huns

H14a: found mostly in the Levant, Kurdistan, Iran, but also in Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, the Czech Republic, Scotland and Ireland / found in Sumerian Syria and in Hellenistic Lebanon

H15a: found mostly in northwestern Europe / found in the Eneolithic Caucasus (Shulaveri-Shomu culture), in Bronze Age Russia (Fatyanovo culture) and in EBA Scotland

H20: found in England, Hungary, Italy, around the Near East and the Caucasus / found in Neolithic Catalonia

 

[Indo-Aryan]

U3b : found in MLBA Israel (Tell Megiddo) and MLBA Jordan
U3b1 : found in central Europe and Russia (Volga)
U3b1a : found in Yemen / found in MLBA Jordan
U3b1b
U3b1c : found among Gypsies
U3b2 : found in Hungary, Sicily, Kurdistan (Turkey), the Levant and the Arabian peninsula
U3b2a : found in central Italy, Turkey and Armenia
U3b2a1
U3b2b
U3b3 : found in Saudi Arabia and Germany / found in in MLBA Jordan

U4d : found in Neolithic Ukraine
U4d1: found in Russia, Baltic countries, Poland, Czechia, Germany, the Netherlands and Scandinavia / found in Mesolithic Latvia, in Bell Beaker Germany, and in the Andronovo culture
U4d1a
U4b1d1a1: found in Germany, Sweden and especially Finland
U4d1b: found in Poland
U4d2: found in central Europe and the northern Siberia (Nganasan) / found in Bell Beaker Germany and in Bronze Age Poland
U4d3: found in Ukraine, Germany, and the British Isles

K1b1 : found throughout Europe / found in Neolithic France

U2e : found in most of Europe and Central Asia / found in Mesolithic Germany and Russia, in Chalcolithic Russia, in the Andronovo culture, among the Scythians and in Iron Age Scandinavia and England.
U2e1: found in Mesolithic Sweden, Estonia and Latvia, in Neolithic Ukraine, in Bell Beaker Czechia, in the Corded Ware and Unetice cultures, and in EBA Alsace

 

[Indo-Aryan]

Gandhari Prakrit ~250bce

"[Aya] dramadivi devanapriyasa raño likhapitu ....... Dharmadipi likhito tada trayo vo prana ....."

 

[Indo-Aryan]

Saidu Sharif 500-300bce has R1a1a1b. This could be ancestral to Kangju R1a1a1b2a & R1a1a1b2a2b from 200-300ce?

Modern Rajput sample has R1a1a1b2a1 & R1a1a1b2a2, other modern rajputs have c1b, e1a, h1a, h3a, J1a, J2b.

 

[Indo-Aryan]

I looked into T2a1b in steppe but only found 1500bce T2a1b1 in Tajikistan & T2a1a in Yamnaya & Afanasievo 3000-2600bce.



Sintastha_MLBA doesn't carry it So wonder when did this clad arrive in Swat.

(Based on V. Narsimhan)