Illusion of Time.
People who can't understand , i will try to explain it simple as possible.
This is what we call Einstein 4D static block universe ( eternalism )
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and it arise from relativity of simultaneity principal which is a
scientifically proven fact.
• 4D here is 3 dimension + 1 dimension of time.
•What is relativity of simultaneity principal ?
Well it simply means that two spatially separated events occur at the same time are not absolute, but depends on the observer's reference frame.
There is no single now which everyone can agree upon ,
since time is affected by motion and gravity. In above video Einstein try to explain this to his Friend.
This has huge implications for our perception of not just time but reality as well as it scientifically end the debate for philosophical only now , what we called present as well as any free will.
Past, Present, Future are all equally real.
Past is not gone , future is not no existing , they all exist in Einstein 4D block universe.
past, present and future is nothing more than an illusion.
I will post a quora post by a theoretical physicist who explain it beautifully and easily.
In order to understand what exactly is illusory about past, present and future moments and what knowledge drove those words, you have to gain a little understanding of the concept of relativity.
When we’re inside a fast plane, we can throw a ball straight up and catch it, without the ball suddenly rushing to the back of the plane.
Everything inside that plane will behave exactly like it is not moving very fast at all.
The following ball does not have an absolute speed, as someone outside that train will observe it to be much faster than people on that train:
The Earth on which this train is riding, is rotating around its axis, which is moving around the Sun, which is moving with the Local Group, etc..
This inertia, which is incorporated in Newton’s first law of motion, reveals a very important invariance in relativity: all laws of physics behave exactly the same, no matter our relative constant speed.
But it is another invariance that triggered Einstein to write down those words.
We’d expect, just like that ball on the train, that every speed must be relative, but the speed of light is always measured at the same, constant speed.
This appears impossible. If we’d observe someone in motion at 25% light speed, heading towards some approaching photons at 100% light speed, we’d intuit this observer should measure that light at 125% light speed.
But the thing is, that the massive particles that make up our own bodies and measuring tools, are themselves always moving at the speed of light, but are constantly bumping into particles of the Higgs field, which makes them have a net speed that’s always lower than this speed of light.
Like for instance the top quark:
The net speed of these perpetual light speed interactions between fields that we conveniently understand as these single massive particles through time, might appear slowed down (or even motionless) in respect to us, but they’re still constantly zig-zagging at light speed. They fundamentally can’t not.
This behaviour of our own particles is very much analogous to Einstein’s theoretical light clock. This is a clock that has a certain distance between two mirrors, and it simply counts the received light pulses on top:
When we see a clock that's not moving in respect to us (left image), we’ll see a faster ticking clock, than when it moves in respect to us (right image), because for us these light pulses need to travel a longer distance at its constant speed.
But for the person that's moving along, together with this clock, it's not observed ticking any slower at all, since the rate of change within that person's brains, and all other matter at this velocity, is going exactly in sync with the light clock next to him. Massive particles are like little light clocks themselves.
So, if the duration of a second for a traveler is observed to slow down by a static observer, this traveler will also be observed to measure our distances differently.
So, even though someone in relative constant motion to us notices all laws of physics to still work exactly the same as before he had accelerated to that constant speed, he is observed to be in some different state where he observes the space and time around him differently.
But this state is completely relative. Someone in relative constant motion to us, will observe us in that exact same state as we are observing him.
And this is where things get weird, how can both observers observe the other as time dilated, right?
For that you have to understand that it doesn’t matter how we position that Einstein light clock, when we’re observed to be in constant motion for someone else, it will always be observed to run in sync:
If clocks were behaving differently on their sides, we would be able to tell if we were in absolute constant motion in respect to some aether and all laws of physics wouldn’t be invariant to inertial motion at all. This means clocks on its sides must reveal the exact same time dilation as do clocks perpendicular to the direction of motion, as used earlier in the time dilation thought experiment.
Also these two clocks will therefore be observed to run in sync:
But what’s interesting about this setup, is that we can conclude simultaneous moments of the left clock and the right clock along one dimension of space, when we’re comoving together with those clocks (although we might not really consider ourselves moving at all, of course).
Let’s place time on the y-axis and this single dimension of space on the x-axis so that one second upward has the same distance on the diagram as a light-second sideways, making light move along 45° angles in this (Minkowski) diagram:
Every tick of those clocks creates a “simultaneity line” throughout space. Which of course represents a complete 3D moment for the comoving observer. A snapshot of simultaneous space.
But when we observe those clocks to be in relative motion, the constant speed of light causes the following artefact:
For us, the clock in the rear will always tick earlier than the clock in the front (increase of time is presented downward in this particular diagram), even though these clocks remain equally time dilated as an upright clock would. This is because those clocks have moved a bit, while light was moving at its constant speed. Here’s an example of someone that’s observed moving at a constant speed of 60% light speed:
It is observed to be 20% time dilated as four ticks of the traveler’s clock has passed after five of ours. But we can also see how the traveler measures us, with his own simultaneity lines (moments in his 3D space):
You see how not only the “static” observer measures the other 20% time dilated, so does the “traveler” because of his different opinions about simultaneity.
They also measure each other 20% length contracted with their own view of simultaneity:
The thing is that there’s no preferred, absolute frame of reference and therefore also no absolute, preferred simultaneity. No observer is “right” or “wrong” with their own relative view on simultaneity.
And this is what Einstein meant with the illusion of past, present and future: if time itself would flow at a certain speed (in respect to what, exactly?), where the past is immediately gone and the future is still non-existent, then what is this “real universal 3D moment” that defines these “gone past” and “non-existent future” parts of spacetime, as everyone has their own relative view on what is considered to be the “real moment”?
Just like we intuit the separate three dimensions of space to be this single thing called “space”, we shouldn’t exclude time from that continuum. It is therefore “spacetime”, not “space” and “time”.
Just like we use the Pythagorean theorem dx2+dy2+dz2−−−−−−−−−−−−−√dx2+dy2+dz2 to calculate the distance between two points of simultaneous space to reveal the apparent invariant distance between them, no matter our own relative position to (or how we place the coordinate axes around) these two points:
…so should time be involved in this as well dx2+dy2+dz2−dt2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√dx2+dy2+dz2−dt2, to get to the real invariant interval of any distance between two events in spacetime. This calculates the invariant distance, regardless of our own relative speed to these two events. In this calculation we should use compatible units for x, y, z and t, like for instance light-seconds and seconds, as these take up the same distances in 4D spacetime. These are called
Natural units - Wikipedia.
For invariant time intervals between two events in spacetime, regardless of our own relative motion, we use dt2−dx2−dy2−dz2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√dt2−dx2−dy2−dz2, again using compatible units.
Here we can see how space and time is observed differently after we’ve changed our relative speed (by acceleration):
Time is on the y-axis, one dimension of space on the x-axis, light moves at 45° angles. All those dots are events, like blips of light by lots of LED’s. The subjective view of the observer in the middle is being revealed of the spacetime around him. Simultaneous events are horizontal and everything that he can literally see are the events that cross the lower ‘ʌ’ of the large ‘X’ of invariant light speed.
You can sometimes see events shift from being located in the past towards being located in the future, when the observer accelerates away from these events, but this does not happen after these events had already passed the ‘ʌ’, placing these already observed events forever inside his own personal, relative past.
But if this continuum of 4D spacetime holds no fundamental flow of time from one moment to the next, as everything of it is all already there, unchanging, then how do we experience this flow subjectively?
Understand that we can never experience two moments at a time.
The current moment is physically completely isolated from the previous moment:
all we ever experience is one particular slice in time, where nothing changes. Nothing can change inside a moment, because changes occur over time, never inside an infinitely small moment and we can never have many moments.
But it doesn’t feel like that at all, right? We clearly observe change inside a moment.
All of that is memory. And there are all kinds of memory systems inside our brains.
Imagine you could change into me, from one moment to the next. And I mean me, atom-to-atom. Would you notice the sudden swap?
No, you wouldn’t, because all of those memories that are stored inside me inside this physical moment, will be adopted too.
It will feel as though you were me all along.
Say that you became me, atom-to-atom, at the very instant I put down my cup of tea, right at that moment it hit the table. At this particular instant (that, in this case, doesn’t have an actual, physical neighboring past moment “as me” at all) you are experiencing one infinitely small, isolated moment, that included a little visual memory of me also putting down the cup.
It includes this memory as the experience of actual motion towards putting it down!
That part of experienced motion is memory that doesn’t feel like memory at all. It’s a type of hallucination that feels like it’s actual, clear reality happening right in front of you. But a hallucination based on something that actually exists inside the inaccessible previous moment (that we can only assume to be there).
Have a look at this spiral, which manipulates that motion-memory part inside of our brains. After staring at the thing, look at the picture below it. Notice the motion happening where no actual change exists at all.
That’s how we are able to experience change inside a non-changing moment. And all of our senses have this type of memory. Visual memory is shorter than auditive.
There are people that have these visual memory parts damaged. These people are only capable of seeing the current picture of the present moment, but the hallucination part of motion doesn’t work at all. They’re known for seeing flowing water as a glacier and aren’t capable of noticing if something is approaching them or not. This condition is called
Gross akinetopsia - Wikipedia.
So, we are able to
a) experience motion inside our current picture when there’s actually none there
and b) we are able to observe no motion added to our current picture, even though there’s actually motion happening over time.
Just by either manipulating or damaging the parts of our brains that add this hallucination of motion to our current picture of that particular moment.
This is the illusory aspect of time by Einstein.
This may give a feeling of solipsism. But there is no escaping Einstein block universe.