Pashtun Freedom Struggle - News, Updates, Discussions, Weapons and Multimedia Thread

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VICTORIOUM AUT MORS
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“All Pashtuns want freedom from Pak”

AREEBA FALAK
January 28, 2017, 9:45 PM

Pashtuns, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Zarb-e-Azb, Internally Displaced People, Asfandyar Wali Khan

To fight militants in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Pakistan had started Operation Zarb-e-Azb in North Waziristan (predominantly Pashtun) which had become a pit-stop for various terrorist organisations. A large number of people had left North Waziristan already, but in 2014, once the war between terrorists and the Pakistan Army started in the region, the evacuation escalated manifold with international human rights organisations recognising over a million people who were displaced. These Internally Displaced People (IDPs) crossed over into Afghanistan, Khyber Pashtunkhwa (KP) and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan. Some of these Pashtun IDPs have now turned into “separatist leaders” who demand a separate “Pashtunistan”, which will consist of Khyber Pashtunkhwa and some Pashtun dominated border areas of Balochistan and Afghanistan. One such disheartened IDP, Imran.W (name changed), spoke to The Sunday Guardian. Excerpts:

Q. Say something about yourself.

A. My name is Imran.W (name changed) and I belong to Speen wam tehsil of the war affected North waziristan in occupied FATA. I am living in Afghanistan now, but my family is still in FATA. I am trying to bring them to Afghanistan. Once we all are safe here I am willing to publicly speak against Pakistan, but until then I am forced to protect my identity. I joined “Pukhtoon Students Federation” (PSF) in 2002 in D.I.Khan district of KP. I and my fellow students used to protest against Pakistan’s double game for providing safe havens to international terrorists in Waziristan. A lot of people I know were kidnapped and killed by ISI. I escaped and went to live in Karachi for a year and got admission in the University of Peshawar. On 6 Feburary 2015, I was elected as central chairman of PSF by the ANP chief Asfandyar Wali Khan. I escaped into Afghanistan in 2016 after receiving death threats.

Q. What is the nature of atrocities that you say your people have been facing?

A. We have been bombed by F-16s resulting in large scale civilian deaths. After Zarb-e-Azb, some rape cases have also been reported in Bakakhel camp for IDPs. The barbaric Pakistan army opened fire on IDPs and eight young men were killed and 11 injured in the camp. The people in villages have lost their properties. My family property, too, has been distributed by the Haqqani network. There are no schools for our children or health care facilities. The NGOs were sent away long back. But there were well-known centers for the treatment of the Taliban.

Q. The Pakistan Army has fought militants in FATA to oust them. Then why do you complain?

A. Since 9/11, Waziristan, Quetta and all other agencies of FATA are being used for regrouping and launching pads of Al-Qaeda and Taliban groups. The Pakistan Army helped them in doing so. Since 2004, over 4,000 elders and youth have been slaughtered in North and South Waziristan who belonged from Wazir, Mehsood and Dawar tribes. Military headquarters in Miranshah and military camp in Wana of South Waziristan were used as headquarters by Haqqani network where trainings centers were established for Talibans and financial assistance was directly and indirectly provided by Pakistan. Each and every action of the Pakistan army resulted in more power and space to Taliban. Pakistan was never fighting any war on terror. Pakistan’s military action can be termed as a process of “installation of army” in various parts of Waziristan to strengthen control and command on Durand line. Secondly, it was a process to propagate sentiments against the US-led international community. Thirdly, it was a process to change Pakistan’s strategy, not policy.

Q. Do you have significant proof to support your allegations?

A. It is all on the ground and the world knows about it. Besides Afghan Taliban, Al-Qaeda outfits and local Talibans, there was a dominant majority of Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT), Lashkar-e-Jangvi and Saipa-e-Sahaba groups which are Punjab-based terrorist organisations. ANP members, including all other peace loving liberal and democratic people, were openly declared wajib-ul-qatal. Many of them were killed and dishonoured in prisons of Taliban, while the rest were forced to leave the occupied FATA. The international community must intervene and send their people on the ground to investigate what we are saying.

Q. Do all Pashtuns want “freedom” from Pakistan?

A. Yes. It is the beginning, so we have obvious challenges. We know what to do, but there are many obstacles. All Pashtuns will unite under one flag when they will see that Pashtunistan is no longer a far-fetched dream. There are Pashtuns in Pakistan army; we know they too will want to join the movement for a new beginning for Pashtuns. Unfortunately we are helpless. It is difficult without support from Afghanistan and India. But we have hope.
 

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VICTORIOUM AUT MORS
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Pashtunistan: A nation across Afghanistan and Pakistan may not be too far off

After the fall of Kunduz, the Afghan Taliban appears destined to once again rule the Pashtun homelands in Afghanistan. But will it stop just there?
Mohan Guruswamy
Sep 30, 2015 · 07:30 pm


Nasir Waqif/AFP

The fall of the Afghan city of Kunduz, astride the road from Kabul to Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, signals a major milestone in the resurgence of the Pakistan-backed Afghan Taliban. It raises several questions about the future of the country and the region, but perhaps the most valid one is this: what will happen in Afghanistan after the Americans lose interest and cut off their engagement with the country?

The Russians officially withdrew from Afghanistan when they signed a peace accord in Geneva on April 14, 1988, with the Afghan government, Pakistan and the United States. Till the final collapse of the USSR in December 1991, the Russians continued to pour in money and material amounting to almost $300 million a month. With these resources, President Mohammad Najibullah’s government kept fighting, beating back onslaughts on Jalalabad, Herat and Kandahar. After Mikhail Gorbachev resigned on Christmas Day in 1991, Russian funding of Najibullah ceased almost immediately. On April 15, 1992, he was stopped at Kabul airport as he tried to flee the country.

The point is that as long money kept flowing in – and $300 million a month is an amazing burn rate even by today’s standards – Najibullah was able to retain control over the government in Kabul. Once the money dried up, the hold was lost.

How long will current President Ashraf Ghani keep going after the US withdraws its residual presence in the country really depends on how long the purse strings remain open? There are some things even America cannot afford these days. Besides, the Americans shift priorities with great alacrity. In the mid-1960s, Vietnam seemed to most Americans to be of vital national interest. A decade later, few thought it had been one. One can be fairly sure that in time Afghanistan too will recede into the farthest corner of the United States’ collective memory. There will be other battles and each generation will be suitably blooded in one.

As things stand, the Afghan Taliban effectively controls large swathes of territory in the traditional Pashtun homelands west of the Durand Line, the 2,250-kilometre border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. As far as one can see now, it seems inevitable that the Taliban will once again rule the Pashtun territories of Afghanistan with its capital in Kabul. But after that?

Caught between two empires

History, however much we may try to deny or distort it, has a way of repeating itself. One lesson from recent history is the assertion of nationality as a unifying theme. Religion, history shows, is not enough of a glue to hold diverse nations together. Pakistan should know. Religion did not prevent it from splitting once before. Communism, that great dogma of the modern era, too could not hold countries together. The USSR and Yugoslavia do not exist anymore. What does hold countries together are shared aspirations, a common perception of history, and the liberal freedoms of a modern democracy.

Shared histories, combined with current dynamics, may revive an old demand in the region: for the Pashtun nation.

In 1886, Russia occupied the Panjdeh Oasis near Herat. It was the time of The Great Game, the strategic conflict between the British and Russian empires for supremacy in Central Asia. Britain immediately warned Russia that any further advance towards Herat would be considered as inimical to British Indian interests. As a consequence of the May 1879 Treaty of Gandamak after the Second Afghan War, Britain had taken control of Afghanistan’s foreign affairs. This treaty also gave Britain control over traditional Pashtun territory west of the Indus, including Peshawar and the Khyber Pass.

After the Panjdeh incident, a joint Anglo-Russian boundary commission, without any Afghan participation, fixed the Afghan border with Turkestan, which was the whole of Russian Central Asia, now Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Thus, as a result of the rivalry between Britain and Russia, a new country, the Afghanistan we know today, was created to serve as the buffer between empires.

In 1893, Sir Mortimer Durand, a British diplomat, began work on delineating Afghanistan’s eastern border with India. In 1901, the British created the North-West Frontier Province, now Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, de-linking Pathan lands from Afghanistan and Punjab. They further divided NWFP into the settled districts, which were directly administered by the British, and five autonomous Tribal Agency areas, which were ruled by local chieftains but with British agents keeping an eye on them (like in the Indian princely states).

From the very beginning, the Durand Line was not an international border but a line of control. The Simon Commission Report of 1930 stated quite explicitly: “British India stopped at the boundary of the administered area.”

Despite this candid assertion, the British handed over the five autonomous Tribal Agencies in 1947 to Pakistan after sponsoring an acquiescing tribal loya jirga (grand assembly). The Afghan government immediately objected to this, saying that the five Tribal Agencies belonged to the same category as the 562 Indian princely states which were each given three options: join India, join Pakistan or remain independent. Pakistan continued the tradition of allowing the Tribal Agencies to administer themselves and did not send any administrators or police or military into the area. That is, until it dispatched its military, in conjunction with American forces, in pursuit of Taliban and Al Qaeda terrorists.

The Pashtunistan issue

Centralised rule over the peoples in this area, first established by Ahmad Shah Abdali or Durrani, devolved upon Amir Abdur Rahman (1880-1901) when it was created as a buffer state between the Russian and British empires. Abdur Rahman was Bismarckian in his methods and used the most ruthless methods to forge a new nation. Over his 20-year rule of almost continuous warfare, he managed to create an Afghan nation, albeit somewhat truncated, bound by one law and one rule. Helping him govern was an annual subsidy of Rs 1.2 million from the British, which was raised to Rs 1.8 million in 1893.

In May 1919, Abdur Rahman’s grandson, Amanullah, began what the Afghans called their “War of Independence”, now generally referred to as the Third Anglo-Afghan War. Afghan forces crossed the Durand Line into the NWFP, and tribesmen on both sides of the Durand Line rallied to the Afghan cause. But the Afghans ran into a new weapon – fighter aircraft. Planes dropped bombs on Kabul and Jalalabad and soon the Afghan appetite for war was somewhat squelched. The Treaty of Rawalpindi that followed gave the Afghans control over their foreign affairs but the NWFP and the Tribal Agencies remained in British India.

In the civil war that resulted from Amanullah’s attempt to hurriedly modernise Afghanistan, the British supported Gen. Nadir Khan who quickly seized Kabul and proclaimed himself the ruler in 1929. Nadir Khan did not live long, though. He was assassinated in 1933 by a former student of the Amania School, which was the hotbed of the nationalist movement in Afghanistan. The main objective of this movement was the recovery of the territory across the Durand Line. Zahir Shah took over next and ruled till 1973, when his cousin and brother-in-law, the former Prime Minister Sardar Daoud Khan, ousted him.

Daoud Khan was a nationalist as committed to the recovery of lost territory as he was to modernising Afghanistan. His arrival coincided with the advent of John Foster Dulles, who was no less committed to the single-minded pursuit of the “containment” of the Soviet Union, as Daoud was to the Pashtunistan issue.

In 1954, Pakistan joined the SEATO and CENTO (Baghdad Pact) military alliances, more to gain military and political support against India than out of any commitment to US policy of containment. Daoud too had sought military and economic assistance from the United States. But with Pakistan as its chosen ally, the US turned its back on Afghanistan. Daoud then turned to Russia for assistance.

The Cold War in this part of the world became a confrontation for the recovery of lost Afghan territories as a result of unequal treaties imposed by Britain. In September 1960 the irritations manifested into a crisis when Afghanistan and Pakistan went to war, and a year later the Afghan government snapped diplomatic ties with Pakistan and closed the border with it.

A divided people

The disastrous economic effects of the closed border cost Daoud his job in 1963. It was 10 years before Daoud came to power again by deposing Zahir Shah. Once again Daoud revived the Pashtunistan issue. The 1971 break-up of Pakistan created stirrings for separation in Baluchistan as well and a training camp for Baluchi fighters was set up in Kandahar. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto retaliated with bomb blasts in Kabul and Jalalabad. But Daoud fell out with Russia’s Leonid Brezhnev in 1977 and the Communists toppled him the following year.

In 1979 the new Afghan government formally repudiated the Durand Line. But the Cold War lines were already drawn, and modern history’s longest period of continuous war ensued. For 35 years since Afghanistan has been beset by a cruel and callous war, the like of which the modern age has not seen. Afghans are now seeking to determine their own future. But the Pashtuns still remain a divided people by an arbitrary Line of Control scratched across the heart of their nation.

It is now only a question of time before the demand for the reunification of all their people becomes a rallying call for the Pashtun nation. Even the internal dynamics within Afghanistan now demand it. There is much unfinished business here.
 

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VICTORIOUM AUT MORS
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Documenting: Jihadist groups operating in Afghanistan, Pakistan and India.
June 2, 2019

According to U.S. and Afghan administration, there are at least 20 terrorist groups operating in Afghanistan with a total of 50,000 or more militants fighting in their ranks.

A recent 2019 report by Department of Defense’s (DoD) Lead Inspector General highlighted some of the jihadist groups operating in Afghanistan. In this article, I have compiled information on most of the groups mentioned in the U.S. DoD report but at the same time I have also included some Afghanistan-based groups that have been ignored by the U.S. DoD. This article may be updated in future with more groups.

Islamic State in Khorasan Province

ISKP operates in Afghanistan and also covered Pakistan and surrounding areas until recently when Islamic State announced Wilayat Pakistan and Wilayat al-Hind. Now ISKP is only in-charge for IS operations in Afghanistan.

ISKP leaders:
  • Abdul Rauf Aliza - Designation: Former Deputy Emir. Status: Dead.
  • Sheikh Abdul Hasib - Designation: Former Emir. Status: Dead.
  • Hafiz Saeed Khan alias Abu Saeed -Designation: Former Emir. Status: Dead.
  • Abu Saad Erhabi - Designation: Former Emir. Status: Dead.
  • Qari Hekmat - Field Commander. Status: Dead.
  • Mufti Nemat - Field Commander. Status: Surrendered.
  • Dawood Ahmad Sofi - Chief of Islamic State in Jammu & Kashmir (ISJK), a franchise that fell under ISKP before the announcement of Wilayah Hind. Status: Dead.
  • Gul Zaman - Designation: Senior commander in ISKP. Status: Dead.
Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan: At least 3,000 to 5,000 active militants as per U.S. DoD.
Flag commonly used: ISKP uses the same black standard that is commonly used by IS and all its affiliates.

Allies:
Jundallah
- a Pakistani jihadist group that also has some elements in Afghanistan.

Jamaat-ul-Ahrar (former ally) - a Pakistan-focused jihadist group largely based in Afghanistan. Remained allied with ISKP from 2014 to 2015.

Lashkar-e-Jhangvi Al-Alami (disputed status) - LeJA initially pledged allegiance to IS before breaking away somewhere around 2017-18. However, a pro-IS faction within LeJA is still allied with ISKP as per Pakistani intelligence inputs.

Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan - A large portion of IMU pledged allegiance to IS in 2015 and became part of ISKP. However, some elements within IMU retained the name of the group along with its alliance with al-Qaeda, the Afghan Taliban and Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP).

Militants from other groups: Hundreds of militants, along with commanders, from several other regional jihadist groups in the region like Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan, Afghan Taliban, Lashkar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed, etc have joined ISKP over the years.

Haqqani Network

The Haqqani Network is an Afghan guerrilla insurgent group using asymmetric warfare to fight against US-led NATO forces and the government of Afghanistan. It operates mainly in Afghanistan but is also believed to have some presence in some border areas of Pakistan. The Haqqani Network pledged allegiance to the Taliban in 1995. Haqqani Network is also believed to have close ties with al-Qaeda. In the 1980s, the Haqqani network was one of the most favored CIA-funded anti-Soviet guerrilla groups by the Reagan administration. In 2012, the United States designated the Haqqani Network as a terrorist organization. In 2015, Pakistan also banned the Haqqani Network as part of its National Action Plan.

Haqqani Network leaders:
  • Jalaluddin Haqqani - Designation: Former Chief. Status: Deceased.
  • Sirajuddin Haqqani - Designation: Current Chief. Status: Alive and operational.
  • Badruddin Haqqani - Designation: Former Operational Commander. Status: Dead, killed in a drone strike in 2012.
  • Nasiruddin Haqqani - Designation: Key Financier. Status: Dead, killed in 2013 in Pakistan.
Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan: At least 3,000 to 5,000 active militants as per U.S. DoD.

Flag commonly used: Haqqani Network uses the same white standard and black standard that is used by the Taliban and al-Qaeda.

Allies:
Afghan Taliban (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan) -
Haqqani Network is embedded within the Afghan Taliban.
al-Qaeda - Haqqani Network maintains close links with al-Qaeda.


Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP)

Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) used to operate mainly in Pakistan before Pakistani military’s Operation Zarb-e-Azb in 2014. However, following the operation, TTP started moving its operations to Afghanistan, which is where it is primarily based today with some sleeper cells and sympathizers left in Pakistan.

TTP is comprised of several smaller jihadist factions. In December 2007, about 13 groups united under the leadership of Baitullah Mehsud to form the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan. Among the TTP’s stated objectives are resistance against the Pakistani state and the establishment of a “true Islamic state” in Pakistan. TTP largely depends on the tribal belt on both sides along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border to draw its recruits. TTP draws ideological guidance from al-Qaeda and maintain close ties with it.

Officially, Afghan Taliban are not affiliated nor maintain any relation to TTP, although Afghan Taliban also do not carry out action against TTP since it moved operations to Afghanistan.

TTP leaders:
  • Baitullah Mehsud - Designation: Former emir (Dec. 2007 – Aug. 2009). Status: Dead.
  • Hakimullah Mehsud - Designation: Former emir (22 August 2009 – 1 November 2013). Status: Dead.
  • Maulana Fazlullah - Designation: Former emir (7 November 2013 – 12 June 2018). Status: Dead.
  • Mufti Noor Wali Mehsud - Designation: Present emir (current leader, 23 June 2018 – present). Status: Alive and operational.
  • Maulana Muhammad Ali Balti alias Muhammad Khurasani alias Mufti Khalid - Designation: Present spokesperson. Status: Alive.
  • Shahidullah Shahid - Former spokesperson of TTP before he joined Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP). Status: Dead.
Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan: At least 3,000 to 5,000 active militants as per U.S. DoD.

Flag commonly used: TTP used the white standard typically used by the Afghan Taliban until September 2018. The new TTP flag is a white and black standard with some similarity with the common black standard used by Islamic State.


al-Qaeda - TTP maintains close links with al-Qaeda.

Lashkar-e-Jhangvi - Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ), which is now largely defunct in Pakistan after assassinations of its leaders by Pakistani security forces, was and is still allied with TTP. LeJ is also known as the Punjabi Taliban.

Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan - A large portion of IMU pledged allegiance to IS in 2015 and became part of ISKP. However, some elements within IMU retained the name of the group along with its alliance with al-Qaeda, the Afghan Taliban and Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP).

Jamaat-ul-Ahrar - Also known as JuA, the group splintered from TTP in 2014 over disagreement with TTP leadership over peace talks with Pakistani government. JuA became a large TTP faction after it merged with Ahrar-ul-Hind, another splinter group of TTP. Omar Khalid Khorasani was named the first emir of JuA. After breaking away from TTP, JuA pledged allegiance to Islamic State and became a part of the Khorasan Province or ISKP. But in 2015, JuA announced that is has once again pledged allegiance to the then TTP emir Mullah Fazlullah.

Hizbul Ahrar - Also known as HuA, it is a splinter group of Jamaat-ul-Ahrar (JuA) and is unofficially allied with TTP. A statement released by HuA in early 2019 said that is open to collaboration with other jihadist groups. In the following months, HuA announced multiple joint operations with another jihadist group without naming it, however Pakistani intelligence officials believe that the group HuA was referring to is a faction within TTP that is collaborating with HuA with permission from top TTP leadership.

Afghanistan - Ever since TTP moved its operations to Afghanistan, it has been alleged by several analysts, as well as privately and publicly by Pakistani, Afghan and U.S. officials and former officials, that TTP receives support from Afghanistan’s intelligence service the NDS or National Directorate of Security.This alleged relationship between NDS and TTP is believed to be in counter to Pakistan’s alleged role in supporting the Afghan Taliban, a group which is fighting an insurgency against the government and NATO forces in Afghanistan.


Afghan Taliban (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan)

The Taliban emerged in 1994 as one of the prominent factions in the Afghan Civil War. From 1996 to 2001, the Taliban held power over roughly three quarters of Afghanistan, and enforced there a strict interpretation of Sharia, or Islamic law. largely consisted of students (talib) from the Pashtun areas of eastern and southern Afghanistan who had been educated in traditional Islamic schools, and fought during the Soviet–Afghan War. At its peak, formal diplomatic recognition of the Taliban's government in Afghanistan was acknowledged by only three nations: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The group later regrouped as an insurgency movement to fight the American-backed Karzai administration and the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in the War in Afghanistan.

Taliban’s leadership is believed to be based in Pakistan’s border areas by U.S. and Afghan officials. The Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence and military are widely alleged by the international community and the Afghan government to have provided support to the Taliban during their founding and time in power, and of continuing to support the Taliban during the insurgency. Pakistan states that it dropped all support for the group after the September 11 attacks.

A Jan 2019 U.S. government report by Special Inspector General for Afghan Reconstruction (Sigar) said that as of Oct. 31, 2018 the Afghan government controlled territory on which 63.5 percent of its population lived, a decrease of 1.7 percent from the previous quarter, while gains by the Taliban insurgency gave it control over territory that is home to 10.8 percent of the population. The report further said that only 53.8 percent of districts were “controlled or influenced” by the government, while 12.3 percent of the districts were under insurgent control or influence and 33.9 percent of districts were contested.

Taliban leaders:
  • Mullah Mohammed Omar - Designation: Former emir (founder, 1994–2013). Status: Deceased.
  • Akhtar Mansour - Designation: Former emir (2015–2016). Status: Deceased.
  • Hibatullah Akhundzada - Designation: Present emir (current leader, 2016–present). Status: Alive and operational.
  • Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar - Designation: Co-founder of Taliban, senior commander and former deputy to Mullah Omar. Status: Alive and operational.
  • Zabiullah Mujahid - Designation: Present spokesperson. Status: Alive and operational.
  • Qari Yousef Ahmadi - Designation: Present spokesperson. Status: Alive and operational.

Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan: The Taliban are estimated to have somewhere 25,000 to 40,000 fighters in Afghanistan as per U.S. government reports.

Flag commonly used: Taliban use the white standard as its official flag.


Allies:
al-Qaeda -
Afghan Taliban maintains close links with al-Qaeda.

Haqqani Network - Taliban maintains close relation with the Haqqani Network. Haqqani Network’s operatives fight while embedded in Taliban ranks.

Jaish-e-Mohammed - is a Pakistan-based Deobandi jihadist group active in Kashmir. The group's primary motive is to separate Kashmir from India and merge it into Pakistan. It maintains close ties with Afghan Taliban and al-Qaeda.

Lashkar-e-Taiba - is one of the largest and most active Islamist militant organisations in South Asia, operating mainly from Pakistan and Afghanistan. It was founded in 1987 by Hafiz Saeed, Abdullah Azzam and Zafar Iqbal in Afghanistan, with funding from Osama bin Laden. Its headquarters are allegedly based in Muridke, near Lahore in Punjab province of Pakistan, and the group allegedly operates several training camps in Pakistan-administered Kashmir.

East Turkestan Islamic Movement - Also known as Turkistan Islamic Party, the group is allied with Afghan Taliban.

Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi - Also known in English as the Movement for the Enforcement of Islamic Law or TNSM in short, the Pakistani militant group maintains close links with the Afghan Taliban. While the group is largely defunct now in Pakistan since its leader Sufi Muhammad renounced violence and was freed from a Pakistani jail in 2008, several of its fighters are still fighting in Afghanistan alongside the Taliban.

Caucus Emirate (status disputed) - was a militant Jihadist organisation active in the southwestern region of the Russian Federation. Its intention was to expel the Russian presence from the North Caucasus and to establish an independent Islamic emirate in the region. At the time of its peak, the group was allied with the Afghan Taliban and al-Qaeda. However, by 2015 the group went defunct after most of its fighters defected to the Islamic State. Some Chechen fighters from the group are still believed to be fighting alongside the Taliban in Afghanistan.

Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (former ally) - remained allied with the Afghan Taliban until 2016, when its leadership signed a peace deal with the Afghan government in Kabul under President Ghani.

Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan - A large portion of IMU pledged allegiance to IS in 2015 and became part of ISKP. However, some elements within IMU retained the name of the group along with its alliance with al-Qaeda, the Afghan Taliban and Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP).

Islamic Jihad Union - The Islamic Jihad Union (also known as the Islamic Jihad Group) is a splinter faction of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, another al Qaeda-linked terror group that operates along the Afghan-Pakistani border, and was founded in 2002. Central Asians, Turks, and Germans make up a significant portion of the IJU. The German fighters are often referred to as German Taliban, and they have carried out attacks in both Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iran, Russia - These five countries are alleged to have supported or still supporting the Taliban on different levels by various parties. Afghan officials allege that Pakistan still supports the Taliban and that the leadership of Taliban is allegedly based in Pakistan. Pakistan states it stopped supporting the Taliban after 9/11 attacks. It is also alleged that Saudi Arabia was supporting the Taliban until as recently as 2013 and that some private Saudi citizens allegedly still financially support the group. Taliban maintain their political office in Qatar, another country that is alleged to have financially supported the Taliban. Iran is also believed to have supported the Taliban in multiple ways in an attempt to counter U.S. influence in its neighboring region. Russia, an old foe of the Taliban, has also mended its relations with the group and is currently alleged to be enjoying close relations with the Taliban in an attempt to counter U.S. influence in the region.


Islamic Emirate High Council

IEHC is a splinter group of Afghan Taliban, formed in 2015 by Mullah Rasul as a result of a disagreement over the ascension of Mullah Akhtar Mansour as leader of the Taliban. Before founding his own splinter group, Rasul was a Taliban-appointed governor of Nimruz Province in Afghanistan. Rasul exerted economic pressures on ethnic and religious minorities unpopular with the Taliban, and made a considerable fortune controlling cross-border drug-smuggling through Nimruz. He is said to have enjoyed close relations with former Taliban leader Mullah Mohammed Omar, and is considered to have been an "old and trusted friend" to him. Rasul's followers accused slain former emir of Taliban Mullah Akhtar Mansour of hijacking the movement due to personal greed. Rasul says that he and his supporters tried to persuade him to step down and let the new leader be chosen by the Taliban council, but Mansour refused. Rasul's group has voiced support for the actions of al-Qaeda and the Islamic State abroad however, he has stated that neither group is welcome in Afghanistan. The group is alleged to be a client of Iran and has also been reported of being supported by Afghan government though both the group and Afghan officials have denied this.

IEHC leaders:
Mullah Muhammad Rasul - Designation: Present Emir. Status: Alive and operational.
Abdul Manan Niazi - Designation: Present spokesperson. Status: Alive and operational.

Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan:
Islamic Emirate High Council is believed to have around 1,000 active fighters in Afghanistan according to U.S. government data.

Flag commonly used: IEHC largely uses the same white standard as the Afghan Taliban.

Allies:
al-Qaeda -
IEHC emir Mullah Rasul has voiced support for al-Qaeda outside of Afghanistan.
Islamic State - IEHC emir Mullah Rasul has voiced support for IS outside of Afghanistan. But there have also been allegations by Afghan Taliban as well as local Afghan government officials that IEHC is very close to Islamic State’s Khorasan Province (ISKP).

Afghanistan - IEHC is also alleged to have some support from Afghan government in Kabul in an attempt to weaken the Afghan Taliban group.

Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan

A large portion of IMU pledged allegiance to IS in 2015 and became part of ISKP. However, some elements within IMU retained the name of the group along with its alliance with al-Qaeda, the Afghan Taliban and Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). Remnants of IMU continue to fight alongside the Taliban in Afghanistan.
IMU has been designated as a terrorist organisation by: Australia, Canada, Russia, United Kingdom, European Union, United States of America.

IMU leaders:
  • Tahir Yuldashev - Designation: Co-founder and former leader. Status: Killed in action.
  • Juma Namangani - Designation: Co-founder and former leader. Status: Killed in action.
  • Abu Usman Adil - Designation: Former leader. Status: Killed in action.
  • Usman Ghazi - Designation: Former leader who later pledged allegiance to Islamic State along with a large portion of IMU fighters and commanders. Status: Killed in action.
  • Commander Abbos Mansoor - Designation: Military commander. Status: Killed in action.
  • Abdul Hakim al Tatari - Russian Tatar fighter who spent almost 15 years with IMU before joining Islamic State along with other IMU fighters and commanders. Status: Dead.
Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan: IMU is estimated to have around 300 fighters in Afghanistan according to U.S. government data.

Flag commonly used: IMU uses the black standard commonly used by al-Qaeda.

Allies:
al-Qaeda -
IMU maintains close links with al-Qaeda.

Islamic State - IMU fighters who defected to IS in 2015 are presently fighting alongside ISKP in Afghanistan.

Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan - IMU is also allied with TTP and has carried out joint attacks with TTP in Pakistan in the past.

East Turkestan Islamic Movement - Also known as Turkistan Islamic Party, the group is allied with IMU.

Caucus Emirate (status disputed) - was a militant Jihadist organisation active in the southwestern region of the Russian Federation. Its intention was to expel the Russian presence from the North Caucasus and to establish an independent Islamic emirate in the region. At the time of its peak, the group was allied with the Afghan Taliban and al-Qaeda. However, by 2015 the group went defunct after most of its fighters defected to the Islamic State. Some Chechen fighters from the group are still believed to be fighting alongside the Taliban in Afghanistan.

Al-Qaeda

al-Qaeda is a militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization founded in 1988 by Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam, and several other Arab volunteers during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The group maintains presence in Afghanistan to this date since before 9/11 attacks.

al-Qaeda leaders:
  • Osama bin Laden - Designation: Founder and former emir (1988–2011). Status: Dead.
  • Ayman al-Zawahiri - Designation: Present emir (2011–present). Status: Alive and operational.
  • Asim Umar, alias Asim Umer, alias Maulana Asim Umar, alias Sanaul Haq - Designation: Present emir of Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent. Status: Alive and operational.
  • Usama Ibrahim alias Usama Mehmood - Designation: Present spokesperson of Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent. Status: Alive and operational.
Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan: al-Qaeda is believed to have around 300 fighters present in Afghanistan according to U.S. government data.
Flag commonly used: al-Qaeda commonly uses the black standard as its flag.

Allies:
Afghan Taliban (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan) -
Despite denial from Taliban, U.S. officials believe it still enjoys close ties with al-Qaeda.

Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan - [see above]

East Turkestan Islamic Movement - [see above]

Caucus Emirate (status disputed) - [see above]

Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan - [see above]

Islamic Jihad Union - [see above]

Haqqani Network - [see above]

Jaish-e-Mohammed - is a Pakistan-based Deobandi jihadist group active in Kashmir. The group's primary motive is to separate Kashmir from India and merge it into Pakistan. It maintains close ties with Afghan Taliban and al-Qaeda.

Jemaah Islamiyah - is a Southeast Asian militant extremist Islamist group dedicated to the establishment of an Islamic state in Southeast Asia. It has cells in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines. The group has been designated as a terrorist group by the United Nations, Australia, Canada, China, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. It remained very active in Indonesia where it publicly maintained a website as of January 2013.

Lashkar-e-Taiba - is one of the largest and most active Islamist militant organisations in South Asia, operating mainly from Pakistan and Afghanistan. It was founded in 1987 by Hafiz Saeed, Abdullah Azzam and Zafar Iqbal in Afghanistan, with funding from Osama bin Laden. Its headquarters are allegedly based in Muridke, near Lahore in Punjab province of Pakistan, and the group allegedly operates several training camps in Pakistan-administered Kashmir.

East Turkestan Islamic Movement (Turkistan Islamic Party)

Popularly known these days as the Turkistan Islamic Party (TIP), it is a jihadist organisation founded by Uyghur jihadists in western China, considered broadly as a terrorist group. Its stated goals are to establish an independent state called "East Turkestan" in Xinjiang. According to a Chinese report, published in 2002, between 1990 and 2001 the ETIM had committed over 200 acts of terrorism, resulting in at least 162 deaths and over 440 injuries. The group has been designated as a terrorist organization by the European Union, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, China, the United States, and Pakistan. Its Syrian branch is active in the Syrian Civil War.

ETIM leaders:
  • Zeydin Yusup - Designation: Founder and former leader. Status: Dead.
  • Hasan Mahsum - Designation: Founding member. Status: Dead.
  • Abdul Haq al-Turkistani - Designation: Present emir. Status: Alive and operational.
  • Emeti Yakuf alias Abdul Shakoor al-Turkistani - Designation: Former emir. Status: Believed to be dead.
  • Abdullah Mansour - Designation: Former emir and present deputy emir. Status: Believed to be alive.
Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan:According to U.S. government data, ETIM is believed to have around 100 active fighters embedded within the Afghan Taliban in Afghanistan.

Flag commonly used: Apart from its own flag, ETIM also sometimes uses the black standard used by al-Qaeda.


Afghan Taliban (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan) - [see above]

al-Qaeda - [see above]

Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan - [see above]


Lashkar-e-Taiba

It is one of the largest and most active Islamist militant organisations in South Asia, operating mainly from Pakistan and Afghanistan. It was founded in 1987 by Hafiz Saeed, Abdullah Azzam and Zafar Iqbal in Afghanistan, with funding from Osama bin Laden. Its headquarters are allegedly based in Muridke, near Lahore in Punjab province of Pakistan, and the group allegedly operates several training camps in Pakistan-administered Kashmir.

The organisation is banned as a terrorist organization by India, the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Russia, Australia, Pakistan and the United Nations (under the UNSC Resolution 1267 Al-Qaeda Sanctions List). Whilst LeT remains banned in Pakistan, the political arm of the group, Jamat ud Dawah (JuD) has remained un-banned for spans of time. As of February 2019, it is deemed as a proscribed organisation per an order of the Interior Ministry.

LeT leaders:

  • Hafiz Muhammad Saeed - living in Pakistan and is the founder of LeT and emir of its political arm, JuD.
  • Abdul Rehman Makki - living in Pakistan and is second in command of LeT. He is the brother-in-law of Hafiz Muhammad Saeed. Makki was arrested in May 2019 by Pakistani authorities.
  • Zarrar Shah - remains in Pakistani custody and is believed to be a "central character" in the planning behind the 2008 Mumbai attacks by U.S. officials.
  • David Headley - conspired in plotting the 2008 Mumbai attacks. He is currently in jail in the United States of America.
Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan: LeT has around 300 active militants in Afghanistan, according to U.S. government data.
Flag commonly used: LeT uses its own version of white and black standard.

Allies:
Afghan Taliban (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan) -
LeT supports the Afghan Taliban in Afghanistan.

al-Qaeda - LeT is also alleged to have developed ties with al-Qaeda in Afghanistan.

Islamic State - Some LeT militants have defected to the IS branch in Afghanistan.

Jaish-e-Mohammed - LeT is alleged to have close links with JeM.

Hizb-ul-Mujahideen - LeT maintains close ties with Hizb-ul-Mujahideen and has carried out several joint operations in India-administered Kashmir.

Jamaat-ul-Ahrar

Also known as JuA, the group splintered from TTP in 2014 over disagreement with TTP leadership over peace talks with Pakistani government. JuA became a large TTP faction after it merged with Ahrar-ul-Hind, another splinter group of TTP. Omar Khalid Khorasani was named the first emir of JuA. After breaking away from TTP, JuA pledged allegiance to Islamic State and became a part of the Khorasan Province or ISKP. But in 2015, JuA announced that is has once again pledged allegiance to the then TTP emir Mullah Fazlullah. Today the group primarily operates from Afghanistan but has not claimed any attack in Pakistan in almost two years.

JuA leaders:
Omar Khalid Khurasani - Designation: Present emir. Status: Believed to be still alive somewhere in Afghanistan. There’s a $3 million
bounty on him by U.S. government.
Asad Mansoor - Designation: Former spokesperson. Status: Surrendered to Pakistani security forces in 2018.
Ehsanullah Ehsan - Designation: Former spokesperson. He
surrendered himself to Pakistan's security forces in April 2017.
Abu Jandal - Senior commander with JuA who was
killed in an operation by Pakistani security forces in Khyber Agency in 2015.

Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan:
According to U.S. government data, around 200 JuA militants are present in Afghanistan.

Flag commonly used: JuA uses the white standard commonly used by the Taliban.

Allies:
Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan -
JuA splintered from TTP in 2014 before rejoining it in 2015.

Islamic State - JuA briefly remained allied to IS branch in Afghanistan before rejoining TTP.


Hizbul Ahrar

Also known as HuA, the group is a splinter of Jamaat-ul-Ahrar and was formed on 11 November 2017 in Nangarhar province of Afghanistan while an official announcement of its formation was made via a video on 12 November. Militant commander Mukarram Khan alias Omar Khurasani, who used to be with JuA before, was made the emir of the group.

Mukkaram Khan, who belongs to Mohmand Agency of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, in his first video message said that Jamaat-ul-Ahrar was involved in anti-Islamic acts committed in the name of jihad, thus compelling them to start their own group. In this respect, he particularly mentioned terrorist attacks against National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) office in Mardan, attack on security forces at Wahga border, attacks in Gulshan-e-Iqbal Park Lahore, which claimed the lives of many Christians, and other such attacks carried out around the country. He said that these terrorist attacks had cost the lives of innocent people, including women and children. In the video he recalled that Jamata-ul-Ahrar had claimed responsibility for all these attacks. He claimed that he had made attempts to bring reforms in JuA, but failed to achieve any success. He also accused Khalid Khurasani, chief of JuA, of attacking him in which he was also injured. He claimed that a number of leading commanders have also announced disassociation from the JuA, and now they were a part of Hizb-ul-Ahrar.
In April 2018, Hizbul Ahrar launched Operation Ibne Qasim or Bin Qasim against the Pakistani security forces and other state apparatus, which apparently concluded by the end of 2018. In February 2019, Hizbul Ahrar announced a new operation against Pakistani security forces dubbed as Operation Shamzai. HuA’s second operation is still ongoing and HuA has so far claimed dozens of attacks in Pakistan as part of this operation.

HuA leaders:
Mukarram Khan alias Omar Khurasani - Designation: Present emir. Status: Alive.
Dr Aziz Yousafzai - Designation: Present spokesperson. Status: Alive.
Jihadyar Mehsud - Designation: Military Wing chief. Status:
Dead.
Muslimyar - Designation: Financial Commission chief. Status: Unknown.
Haji Rashid - Designation: Political Commission chief. Status: Unknown.
Imran Aurakzai - Designation: Commander for HuA for Mohmand Agency. Status: Unknown.
Umar Kamal Bajauri - Designation: Commander for HuA for Bajaur Agency. Status:
Dead.


Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan:

The U.S. government appears to have largely ignored Hizbul Ahrar in its reports even though the group was formed in Afghanistan and continues to function from Afghanistan, my sources estimate the number of Hizbul Ahrar fighters present in Afghanistan somewhere around 100-300.

Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan: The U.S. government appears to have largely ignored Hizbul Ahrar in its reports even though the group was formed in Afghanistan and continues to function from Afghanistan, my sources estimate the number of Hizbul Ahrar fighters present in Afghanistan somewhere around 100-300.
Flag commonly used: HuA uses its own version of white and black standard.

Tariq Gidar Group

The Tariq Gidar Group (TGG) is a splinter group of Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). The group was formed in Darra Adam Khel, Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA), Pakistan, in 2007.

The TGG has carried out numerous terrorist attacks in different areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) in Pakistan. Among the multiple large-scale, fatal attacks for which the TGG is responsible is the December 16, 2014, massacre at the Army Public School in Peshawar, Pakistan, that left 132 schoolchildren and nine staffers dead—the deadliest terrorist attack in Pakistan’s history. The group’s leader is also known as the mastermind of the January 2016 attack on Bacha Khan University in Charsadda, Pakistan, that killed 20 and wounded between 50 and 60 others. Some of the other major terrorist attacks for which the TGG has claimed responsibility are the September 22, 2013, bombing of a church in Peshawar; the December 15, 2012, attack on Bacha Khan Airport in Peshawar; the December 3, 2012, attack on the Consulate General of the United States in Peshawar; and the October 14, 2012, attack on Ghaziabad Public School in Peshawar.
In addition to these devastating attacks, the TGG is responsible for the 2010 kidnapping of a British journalist traveling to North Waziristan, Pakistan, and the 2008 kidnapping and beheading of a Polish geologist in Attock, Pakistan.

Pakistan’s military operation Zarb-e-Azb targeted the TGG. The group continues to launch terrorist attacks in Pakistan in collaboration with TTP, Jamaat-ul-Ahrar (JuA), and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ). Apprehended members of the group have confessed that the group was involved in a number of major terrorist attacks.
TGG is a designated terrorist organisation by United Nations Security Council.

TGG leaders:
Khalifa Umar Mansoor - Designation: Commander with TGG. Status: Dead. Killed in Afghanistan in 2016.

Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan:

According to U.S. government data, 100-300 TGG militants are present in Afghanistan.

Flag commonly used: TGG uses the white standard commonly used by the Afghan Taliban.

Allies:
Afghan Taliban -
TGG is believed to have close links with Afghan Taliban.

al-Qaeda - TGG is believed to have developed links with al-Qaeda in Afghanistan.

Islamic Jihad Union

The Islamic Jihad Union (also known as the Islamic Jihad Group) is a splinter faction of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, another al Qaeda-linked terror group that operates along the Afghan-Pakistani border, and was founded in 2002. Central Asians, Turks, and Germans make up a significant portion of the IJU. The German fighters are often referred to as German Taliban, and they have carried out attacks in both Afghanistan and Pakistan.

IJU leaders:
Akhtar Mansoor - Dead
Najmiddin Jalolov - Dead
Abu Omar al-Turkistani - Remained with IJU as a commander in Afghanistan until 2015 before leaving for Syria where he served with al-Nusra Front and Turkistan Islamic Party
. Status: Killed in U.S. drone strike in 2017.

Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan:

According to U.S. government data, some 25 active militants belonging to IJU are present in Afghanistan.

Flag commonly used: Black standard commonly used by al-Qaeda.

Allies:
Afghan Taliban -
[see above]

al-Qaeda - [see above]

East Turkestan Islamic Movement - [see above]

Caucus Emirate (status disputed) - [see above]

Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan - [see above]

Jamaat Dawa Quran

Jamaat Dawa Quran (JDQ), which is “based in Peshawar, Pakistan, and eastern Afghanistan” has “long-standing ties to al Qaeda and Lashkar e-Tayyiba,” according to the U.S. State Department in 2016. JDQ, which is also known as the Jamaat al Dawa ila al Sunnah, Jamaat ud Dawa il al Quran al Sunnah, and the Salafi Group, operates primarily in Kunar province, Afghanistan.

In January 2010, JDQ pledged an oath of allegiance to then Afghan Taliban emir Mullah Omar. That pledge was accepted by the Taliban. It was designated as a foreign terrorist organisation by U.S. State Department in 2016.
JDQ leaders:
  • Haji Sahib Rohullah Wakil - Former Guantanamo detainee who was later transferred to the American wing of the Pul-e-Charkhi prison in Kabul, Afghanistan. He is believed to be the overall in-charge of operations of JDQ.
  • Jamil al-Rahman - Founder and former leader of JDQ. He was assassinated in 1991.
  • Sabar Lal Melma - Believed to be senior member of JDQ. Status: Dead.
Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan:According to U.S. government data, around 25 active militants belonging to JDQ are currently present in Afghanistan.

Flag commonly used: Unknown.

Allies:
Afghan Taliban -
[see above]

al-Qaeda - [see above]

Lashkar-e-Taiba - [see above]


Iranian Revolutionary Guards - Quds Force (Liwa Fatemiyoun)

Also known as Fatemiyoun Brigade, is an Afghan Shia militia formed in 2014 to fight in Syria on the side of the government. It is funded, trained, and equipped by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), and fights under the command of Iranian officers. By late 2017, the unit numbered between 10,000–20,000 fighters. According to Zohair Mojahed, a cultural official in the group, the group has suffered 2,000 killed and 8,000 wounded in combat in Syria since its establishment.

The core of Liwa Fatemiyoun is constituted of the fighters of the Shia militia group Muhammad Army which was active during the Soviet–Afghan War and against the Taliban, until its collapse after the Invasion of Afghanistan, as well as the Abuzar Brigade, an all-Afghan Shia militia group who voluntarily fought in the Iran–Iraq War. In August 2016, Iranian official Qurban Ghalambor was arrested by the Afghan government for recruiting fighters for Liwa Fatemiyoun. Ghalambor had served as representative for the Ali Khamenei's office in Kabul.

The recruits are typically Hazara, a Persian-speaking Shia ethnic group from central Afghanistan, and also include children. The Iranian recruiters for Liwa Fatemiyoun are usually members of the Basij. The Afghans are promised Iranian citizenship and salaries of $500–$800 per month in return for fighting (usually a 3-month-long deployment to Syria). Many are illegal immigrants/refugees and/or criminals who choose recruitment over imprisonment or deportation, though the Iranian government generally claims that they are religiously motivated volunteers. Iranian media has claimed that the Iranian military provides Liwa Fatemiyoun fighters and their IRGC officers with Hashish to raise their morale.
In January 2019, US Treasury announced sanctions on Liwa Fatemiyoun.
Fatemiyoun leaders:
  • Ali Reza Tavassoli ("Abu Hamed Ali Sah Xakis") - Dead.
  • Mostafa Sardarzadeh - Dead.
  • Hussain Fedayee ("Zulfiqar") - Dead.
Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan: U.S. government data does not say much about the presence of Liwa Fatemiyoun fighters in Afghanistan. But according to independent sources, few hundred fighters have returned to Afghanistan after fighting in Syria. However, Afghan officials are reluctant to talk about it publicly to avoid tensions with Tehran. In April 2019, Associated Press cited a senior official of Afghan Ministry of Interior as saying, "Roughly 10,000 veterans of the brigade have returned to Afghanistan”. The senior official in Afghanistan’s Interior Ministry who is introduced by AP as "familiar with government intelligence," said he was "not authorized to brief reporters" and spoke on condition of anonymity. Hours later, in an interview with RFE/RL's Afghan Service, Radio Azadi (Liberty), the spokesman of Afghanistan' Ministry of Defense, Ghais Mangal, denied the report, while insisting, "We have no comment on the Fatemiyoun Brigade, but deny the presence of its members in Afghanistan. However, we are going to investigate the report, and we will soon share the result with you."
Flag commonly used:
Flag used by Liwa Fatemiyoun consist of Yellow Background with Two AKs going the opposite dutec

Allies:
Liwa Zainebiyoun -
is a pro-government brigade fighting in Syria composed of Shia Pakistanis. It draws recruits from Shia Pakistanis living in Iran, Shia Hazara living in Pakistan, and native Shia of Parachinar and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. It is the Pakistani version of Liwa Fatemiyoun and is backed by IRGC. Like its Afghan sister brigade, Liwa Zainebiyoun is also sanctioned by US.

Hezbollah - is a Shi'a Islamist political party and militant group based in Lebanon.

Iran - Liwa Zainebiyoun is equipped and funded by the Iranian government.

Syria - Liwa Zainebiyoun is allied with the regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria and has been fighting alongside Syrian Army soldiers.

Lashkar-e-Islam

Lashkar-e-Islam (LeI) is a militant organization used to be active in Pakistan before moving its operations to Afghanistan following the 2014 Operation Zarb-e-Azb by Pakistani military. LeI was founded in 2004 by Mufti Munir Shakir. The present leader of the group is Mangal Bagh.

Lashkar-e-Islam pledged allegiance to Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) before briefly pledging allegiance to Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP) before once again breaking away and rejoining TTP. Since then, Lashkar-e-Islam has engaged in severalbattles with ISKP in Afghanistan and has lost severalof its fighters in those battles. ISKP has declaredLashkar-e-Islam “apostates”.
Lashkar-e-Islam is banned in Pakistan.

Lashkar leaders:
Mufti Munir Shakir - Designation: Founder. Status: Alive.
Mangal Bagh - Designation: Present emir. Status: Alive.
U.S. bounty of $3 million.
Saifullah Saif - Designation: Former spokesperson. Status: Surrendered to Pakistan.
Commander Ilyas - Designation: Former commander. Status: Surrendered to Pakistan.
Commander Wajid - Designation: Former commander. Status: Surrendered to Pakistan.

Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan:
U.S. government data does not mention Lashkar-e-Islam in its report, however according to my sources Lashkar-e-Islam maintains a presence of 50-100 militants in Afghanistan.

Flag commonly used: Lashkar-e-Islam uses its own version of black standard.

Allies:
Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan -
Lashkar-e-Islam pledged allegiance to TTP in 2015 before breaking away and joining Islamic State’s Khorasan Province (ISKP) briefly. Lashkar then broke away from IS somewhere around 2016-17 and returned to TTP’s ranks although it mostly operates as an independent group.

Islamic State (former ally) - Lashkar-e-Islam and ISKP have both engaged in severe clashes following Lashkar’s exist from ISKP ranks.

Afghanistan - It is alleged by Afghan analysts and some Pakistani officials that Afghan government and its intelligence service provided safe haven and support to Lashkar-e-Islam in Afghanistan in an attempt to counter Pakistan.

Lashkar-e-Jhangvi

Also known as "Army of Jhangvi", it is a Sunni supremacist and jihadist militant organisation based in Afghanistan. An offshoot of anti-Shia political party Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP), the LeJ was founded by former SSP activists Riaz Basra, Malik Ishaq, Akram Lahori, and Ghulam Rasool Shah.

The LeJ has claimed responsibility for various mass casualty attacks against the Shia community in Pakistan. LeJ is a designated terrorist organisation in Pakistan, Australia, Canada, Pakistan, United Kingdom, United States and the United Nations.
Afghan officials from Zabul province have claimedthat Lashkar-e Jhangvi has a sanctuary in southern Afghanistan.

LeJ leaders:
  • Riaz Basra - Dead
  • Malik Ishaq - Dead
  • Akram Lahori - Dead
  • Ghulam Rasool Shah - Dead
  • Asif Chotu - Dead
  • Qari Mohammad Yasin - Dead
  • Yousuf Mansoor Khurasani - Leader of Lashkar-e-Jhangvi al-Alami (pro-IS) faction.
  • Ali Bin Sufyan - Spokesperson of Lashkar-e-Jhangvi al-Alami (pro-IS) faction.
Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan: U.S. government data does not mention exact figure of LeJ militants in its Afghanistan report, however according to my sources Lashkar-e-Jhangvi maintains a presence of 50-70 active militants in Afghanistan as of May 2019.

Allies:
Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan -
Also known as the Punjabi Taliban, LeJ maintains close ties with TTP.

Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan - [see above]

Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan - LeJ was founded by activists of Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP) and still maintains links.

Ahle Sunnat Waljamaat - Also known as ASWJ, the group is a splinter of Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP) and maintains links with LeJ.

al-Qaeda - LeJ’s anti-IS faction maintains close ties with al-Qaeda.

Jundallah - a Pakistani jihadist group that pledged allegiance to IS and also has some elements in Afghanistan. It maintains links with pro-IS faction of LeJ.

Islamic State (disputed) - Following the killing of its chief Malik Ishaq, a large group within LeJ pledged allegiance to the Islamic State. The pro-IS wing of LeJ is known as Lashkar-e-Jhangvi al-Alami (LeJA). However, as per reports in 2017 and 2018, LeJA has broken ranks with IS. It is unclear if any links between LeJA and IS still exist and at what level.

Commander Nazir Group

Also known as Mullah Nazir Group, it is a splinter group of the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) that was founded by Mullah Nazir around 2006 with its operations primarily based in South Waziristan at the time. The group was initially seen as ‘good Taliban’ by the Pakistani state because of its opposition to foreign jihadists in Pakistan’s tribal areas, where at one point it engaged in battles against Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU). In 2011, the Nazir Group allied with three other major Taliban groups-- the TTP, the Hafiz Gul Bahadur Group, and the Haqqani Network-- to form another umbrella organization, the Shura-e-Murakeba. Al Qaeda brokered this alliance in order to unite various factions of the Taliban under a common plan of action. Members of the Shura-e-Murakeba refocused their efforts on fighting U.S.-led coalition forces in Afghanistan. They also agreed to refrain from attacking Pakistani security forces and committing criminal acts in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas FATA.
In February 2013, the U.S. State Department designated the Nazir Group as a global terrorist entity and added Mullah Nazir to its list of global terrorists. The U.S. State Department justified the designation on the grounds that the Nazir Group engaged in transnational attacks against U.S.-led coalition forces in Afghanistan and provided sanctuary for Al Qaeda.

Nazir Group leaders:
Mullah Nazir - Designation: Founder and leader till 2013. Status: Dead.
Killed in a U.S. drone strike in January 2013 in Angoor Adda, near Wana, South Waziristan.

Hazrat Umar - Brother of Mullah Nazir. Status: Dead. Killed in a U.S. drone strike with several other militants in South Waziristan in October 2011.

Bahawal Khan alias Salahuddin Ayubi -
Successorto Mullah Nazir. Designation: Chief. Status: Unknown.

Malang Nazir - Designation: Bahawal Khan’s commander. Status: Unknown.

Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan:
U.S. government report does not mention the number of Nazir Group militants currently present in Afghanistan but according to my sources, the number is estimated to be somewhere around 3,000 to 6,000.

Flag commonly used: Nazir Group typically uses the white standard commonly used by the Taliban in Afghanistan.

Allies:
al-Qaeda -
Al Qaeda’s mission of global jihad has ideologically influenced the Nazir Group.

Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan - The Nazir Group briefly merged with the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) when the TTP formed in 2007, but left in early 2008 due to disagreements between Maulvi Nazir and the TTP leader, Baitullah Mehsud. This split stemmed from a dispute between Nazir and Mehsud over the presence of Uzbek militants in South Waziristan. The TTP subsequently conducted several assassination attempts against Nazir, sparking open hostilities between the TTP and Nazir Group. Despite its history of conflict with the TTP, in 2009, the Nazir Group entered into an alliance with the TTP and the Hafiz Gul Bahadur Group. This umbrella organization, known as the Shura Ittihad al-Mujahedeen (Allied Mujahedeen Council), was formed on the command of Al Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden, Afghan Taliban leader Mullah Omar, and the Haqqani Network patriarch Jalaluddin Haqqani. The alliance formed after the then U.S. President Barack Obama decided to deploy an additional 17,000 troops to Afghanistan. Then in 2011, the Nazir Group joined with three other major Taliban groups-- the TTP, the Hafiz Gul Bahadur Group, and the Haqqani Network-- in order to form another umbrella organization, the Shura-e-Murakeba. Al-Qaeda brokered this alliance in order to unite various factions of the Taliban under a common plan of action. Members of the Shura-e-Murakeba decided to refocus their efforts on fighting U.S.-led coalition forces. They also agreed to refrain from attacking Pakistani security forces and committing criminal acts in the FATA.

Afghan Taliban - Nazir Group maintains close ties with the Afghan Taliban.

Haqqani Network - Nazir Group maintains close ties with the Haqqani Network.

Hafiz Gul Bahadur Group - Initially seen as ‘good Taliban’ by the Pakistani state, the group is a splinter faction of TTP. In July 2008 Gul Bahadur Group and Nazir Group announced the creation of the Muqami Tehrik-e Taliban, translated as the Local Taliban Movement and also referred to as the "Waziri Alliance", with Gul Bahadur as its leader and Nazir as his deputy. The alliance was formed between the two groups after their disagreements with TTP leadership over its attacks against Pakistani state. In late 2008missile strikes from U.S. drones in North Waziristan strained the peace deal with Islamabad that Gul Bahadar had agreed previously to observe in 2006. In March 2011 he threatened to pull out of the peace deal with Pakistani government after one of his top commanders Sherabat Khan Wazir was killed in Datta Khel airstrike. In 2014 conflicting reports suggest that air strikes conducted in Datakhel district of North Waziristan Agency have killed key commanders of the Hafiz Gul Bahadur Group including Gul Bahadur.

Pakistan - It is alleged that Pakistani state initially provided support to the Nazir Group, especially during the time when Nazir Group was clashing with Pakistan’s common enemy, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), in South Waziristan. In later years, Pakistani state largely avoided carrying out counter-terrorism operations against the Nazir Group even when it was carrying out operations against other groups. This leniency is believed to have existed due to Nazir Group’s opposition to attacks against the Pakistani state.

Other affiliations - Nazir Group also maintains close links with the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group and the Islamic Jihad Union.

Jaish-e-Mohammed

Also known as JeM, it is a jihadist outfit based in Pakistan and India-controlled Kashmir with a goal of waging an insurgency against Indian state. It has carried out several attacks primarily in India-controlled Kashmir, including a major attack in Pulwama in February 2019. The JeM has been banned in Pakistan since 2002. It has also been designated a terrorist group by Russia, Australia, Canada, India, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the United Nations.

JeM leaders:
Masood Azhar - Designation: Founder and leader. On 1st May 2019, Masood Azhar was listed as an international terrorist by United Nations Security Council.

Abdul Rauf Asghar - Commander with JeM and brother of Masood Azhar. On December 2, 2010, the United States Treasury designated him a terrorist.

Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan:
U.S. government report does not mention the number of JeM militants currently present in Afghanistan but according to my sources, there are at least around 100-200 JeM militants active in Afghanistan. Many of them are embedded with Afghan Taliban while some others have defected to other groups like TTP and Islamic State.

Flag commonly used: JeM uses its own version of white and black standard.

Allies:
Hizbul Mujahideen -
The group has carried out several joint attacks with JeM in India-controlled Kashmir.

Lashkar-e-Taiba - JeM also maintains operational ties with LeT and has carried out joint ops with the group in India-controlled Kashmir. According to Indian and US intelligence reports, JeM carried out the 2001 Indian Parliament attack with facilitation from LeT.

Harkat-ul-Mujahideen al-Islami - JeM maintains ties with Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.

Lashkar-e-Jhangvi - JeM has maintained close ties with LeJ in South Punjab at least until LeJ’s leaders were executed by Pakistani security forces in 2015. It is unclear how close both groups are today.

Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan - JeM has also maintained close ties with SSP in South Punjab.

Afghan Taliban - JeM is allied with Taliban in Afghanistan.

al-Qaeda - JeM has maintained ties with al-Qaeda over the years. It is believed that these ties still exist at some level.

Pakistan - The state of Pakistan is believed to have maintained close ties with JeM on and off. However, in 2019 Pakistan said it has launched a campaign against JeM’s leaders and financiers.


Hizbul Mujahideen

HuM is a pro-Pakistani militant organization that is active in the regions of north-west Pakistan and seeks for the integration of India-controlled Jammu and Kashmir with Pakistan as an Islamic state.

The group has been designated as a terrorist group by India, the European Union, and the United States. But it continues to operate within Pakistan.

HuM leaders:
Muhammad Ahsan Dar - Designation: Founder and former head of HuM. Status: Alive but inactive somewhere in Jammu Kashmir.

Syed Mohammed Yusuf Shah, alias Syed Salahuddin - Designation: Present chief of HuM. Status: Alive and active, based out of Pakistan. He is listed on the MOST WANTED list of Indian intelligence agency NIA.
He was also named as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist by the US Department Of State.

Riyaz Naikoo - Designation: HuM commander in India-controlled Kashmir valley. Status: Alive and operational.

Altaf Kachroo -
Designation: HuM commander in Kulgam. Status: Dead, killed in encounter by Indian forces.

Burhan Muzaffar Wani - Designation: Commander with HuM. Status: Dead,
killed in encounter by Indian forces.

Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan:
U.S. government report does not mention the number of HuM militants currently present in Afghanistan but according to my sources, there are at least around 50-70 HuM militants active in Afghanistan. Many of them are embedded with Afghan Taliban while some others have defected to other groups in Afghanistan.

Allies:
Lashkar-e-Taiba -
HuM maintains operational ties with LeT and has carried out joint ops with the group in India-controlled Kashmir. According to Indian and US intelligence reports, JeM carried out the 2001 Indian Parliament attack with facilitation from LeT.

Jaish-e-Mohammed - HuM maintains operational ties with JeM.

Harkat-ul-Mujahideen al-Islami - HuM maintains ties with Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.

Afghan Taliban - HuM is ideologically allied with Taliban in Afghanistan.

Pakistan - In June 2012 in an interview, Hizbul Mujahideen chief Salahuddin accepted that Pakistan had been backing Hizb-ul-Mujahideen for fight in Kashmir.


Harkat-ul-Mujahideen al-Islami

Harkat is a Pakistan-based Islamic extremist militant group operating primarily in India and Pakistan controlled Kashmir. The group has been designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. In response, the group changed its name to Harkat-ul-Mujahideen. The renamed group remains banned as a terrorist group in India.

Harkat is believed to have another front group named Ansar-ul-Ummah, which is primarily active in Pakistan-controlled Kashmir.

Harkat leaders:
Fazlur Rehman Khalil
- Designation: Founder of Harkat and leader of Ansar-ul-Ummah, a group that is believed to be a front for Harkat. Around 2001, he stepped down as the chief and was made Secretary General of the group. In 2018, he joined Pakistani political party Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf.

Farooq Kashmiri - Designation: Second chief of Harkat following Khalil’s stepping down. Status: Alive and active.

Estimated number of fighters in Afghanistan:
U.S. government report does not mention the number of Harkat militants currently present in Afghanistan but according to my sources, there are at least around 50-100 Harkat militants active in Afghanistan. Most of them are embedded with Afghan Taliban while some others fight or train with al-Qaeda fighters.
Flag commonly used:
The Flag Consisted of Four Lines and two central lines been in the center of the Flag there is the

Allies:
Lashkar-e-Taiba -
Harkat maintains ties with LeT.

Jaish-e-Mohammed - Harkat maintains ties with JeM.

Afghan Taliban - Harkat is ideologically allied with Taliban in Afghanistan.

Hizbul Mujahideen - Harkat maintains ties with Hizbul Mujahideen.

al-Qaeda - Harkat founder Fazlur Rehman Khalil is believed to have old ties with al-Qaeda. In May 2004, Pakistani authorities arrested Khalil for helping transport Pakistani militants into Afghanistan. After six months he was released due to lack of evidence. After Hamid and Umer Hayat reported to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in June 2005 that they had received training at an al-Qaeda camp run by Khalil, he went into hiding. He resurfaced some time later.

Pakistan - Harkat is believed to be supported by Pakistani state at the height of its popularity.

This article may be updated in future.
 
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MIDKNIGHT FENERIR-00

VICTORIOUM AUT MORS
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Our sikh soldier head too was taken during manmohan besharam era.
Look like some other guys are giving us gifts.
Good.
We lost Many Brave Soldiers during the Weak Ass Khangressi Era. This is revenge for what happened then. We must Continue our partnership with Pashtun Freedom Fighting Groups and Government of Afghanistan.
 
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MIDKNIGHT FENERIR-00

VICTORIOUM AUT MORS
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Good News Incoming TPP has Targetted Porki Panjabi Occupation Army in KPK. Two Porki Border Posts Targetted by Pashtun Freedom Fighters. Mutiple Porkis dispatched to Naraka and like always the Porkis will hide there casualties.
 
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Assassin 2.0

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Members of European Parliament have called on European Commission to take "strong action" against Pakistan for brutal killings of Pashtun leader Arif Wazir and journalist Sajid Hussain
 

Srinivas_K

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Project Taliban: An Anti-Pashtun Initiative?

Pashtuns on both sides of the Durand line have been at the receiving end of some of the most grotesque and intense violence by the Taliban.

The dramatic spike in violence in the run-up to the final withdrawal of U.S. and coalition forces from Afghanistan has set afire speculations concerning the future of Afghanistan should the Taliban return to power and its implications for the region. A disturbing trend that runs through much of the commentary is the casual linkage made between the Taliban, Pashtun nationalism, and religious fanaticism.

Such discourse represents a gross falsification of the lived Afghan sociopolitical realities at worst, and an inability to grasp the same at best. It contributes little to furthering our understanding of the complex sociopolitical matrix of Afghanistan. Undeniably the Taliban’s core leadership is made of Pashtuns; however, to translate that into the Taliban by default representing Pashtun social, cultural, and political ethos is empirically flawed.

First, the Pashtun way of life has traditionally been governed by a secular tribal code, Pashtunwali, which predates Islam and in which the mullah has enjoyed little authority. The code is implemented through another tribal institution, the jirga, a council, which arrives at decisions by consensus and has no head, underscoring the egalitarian nature of Pashtun society. The Taliban have displayed deep antipathy to both of these institutions, which are seminal to the Pashtun way of life. The Taliban have systematically sought to target jirgas and eliminate tribal leadership, supplanting them with mullahs trained in Pakistani seminaries and who have privileged a myopic, Wahabi interpretation of Shariah. Consider, for instance, the fact that soon after their emergence in 1994, the Taliban declared the jirga system to be un-Islamic. Several village elders faced death, paying with their lives for defying the ban on practicing jirgas and living the Pashtunwali code.

Second, the Taliban’s attitudes toward women are antithetical to the basic norms of Pashtunwali. Naamus (women’s respect) and Nang (defense of the vulnerable) are two important pillars of the code with respect to women. The flogging of women by strange men in public is disturbing within Pashtun societies as it would be considered dishonoring to the family and villagers and trigger powerful norms of revenge. It is important to acknowledge that the Pashtunwali code does have a strong patriarchal dimension to it. But with much of the literature dwelling on the concept of badal (revenge), the practice of forgiveness among Pashtuns, which is stronger and more commonly practiced, is overlooked

The Taliban’s distance from the Pashtun way of life is unsurprising given that a large majority are the product of madrassas in Pakistan and have never lived in villages of Afghanistan. The Taliban’s puritanical attitudes reflect their imagination of what village life ought to be, rather than knowledge of what village life actually is. The Taliban do not represent the Pashtun way of life and much of their strength owes to succor received from across the Durand line. Thus, it is not surprising the earliest resistance to the Taliban came from the Pashtun heartland, by figures such as Abdul Haq.

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The imposition of the Durand line by the British in 1893 split the Pashtun tribes and remains a festering sore for the region. But it was not until the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 that the Pashtuns found themselves in the thick of the Cold War. The Pashtun belt in Pakistan, with assistance from the West, was transformed into an early laboratory for radical, political Islam. It was awash with millions of dollars worth of small arms and munitions and dotted with Wahabi madrassas that would transform the region’s social, cultural, and political landscape profoundly. Particularly telling in this context is Pakistan’s support to a radical Islamist constituency among the Pashtuns, such as Gulbuddin Hekmatyar in the 1980s and early ‘90s and subsequently the Taliban while systematically marginalizing Pashtun nationalist groups such as the Afghan Mellat and figures like Sibgatullah Mojaddedi, who had links to the Afghan royal family. This strategy mirrored Pakistan’s uneasy relationship with its own Pashtun ethnic minority, accentuated by Afghan support for the cause of a greater Pashtunistan. This historical pattern further helps in comprehending the Pakistani state’s response to the deft political challenge mounted in contemporary times by the non-violent Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) which has vociferously opposed the state’s support to the Taliban and their militias. The establishment in Pakistan has responded by declaring the PTM a terrorist organization and its members have been jailed, tortured, and killed.

Remarkably, this stands in contrast to the free rein given to the Taliban, which functions openly in Quetta and Waziristan, often brutalizing Pashtuns who oppose their presence and politics. Islamabad hopes to install a puppet regime in Kabul by orchestrating the Taliban’s political and military dominance and countering both its internal and external threats. Thus, while Pashtuns have been most adversely impacted by the ascent of the Taliban, we see a Taliban stranglehold over Pashtun-populated provinces in Afghanistan. To understand the Taliban’s strong presence in the Pashtun heartland, history and context are critical. Historically, the east, south, and southeastern regions of Afghanistan never enjoyed the full presence of any central government, resulting in poor infrastructure, education, and health facilities. A majority of the people in those regions are illiterate, unemployed, and poor. This, coupled with the fraying of the sociocultural fabric due to the onslaught of four decades of incessant conflict, have rendered the population more vulnerable to Taliban pressure and recruitment.

For instance, first-hand information obtained by the author from the village of Sarowza, Paktika paints a graphic picture of villagers being forced to provide food and shelter to the Taliban at the barrel of a gun. Some young men from the village have paid with their lives for supporting the Afghan National Army and the government on social media. Clearly, coercion and military balance in the regions abutting Pakistan have helped buttress the Taliban’s position. In fact, it would be fair to argue that Pashtuns on both sides of the Durand line have been at the receiving end of some of the most grotesque and intense violence by the Taliban and their auxiliaries. The Taliban are, in essence, an externally funded “anti-Pashtun” project meant to puncture Pashtun nationalism and fan divides in Afghanistan.

The war in Afghanistan has a strong external dimension to it, with Afghans paying a high human and material cost. The Taliban represent, among other things, a ploy to exacerbate sociopolitical cleavages in Afghanistan along ethnic and sectarian lines to further interests of external players. The need of the hour for the Afghan political class and civil society is to deftly rise to the challenge at hand by unambiguously defending the values of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, however imperfect it is, and restoring faith in its ability to deliver an inclusive and equitable sociopolitical future for all Afghans.

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