Sailing High
FORCE September 2012 (
Force a complete news magazine on National Security )
After 42 years of distinguished service, Admiral Nirmal Verma retired on 31 August 2012. At his last press conference, he talked of Indian Navy's current capabilities and the various ongoing programmes. Excerpts from the speech.
On Piracy and Maritime Environment
We have had at least one ship continuously deployed off the Gulf of Aden since October 2008. Over 2,100 merchantmen have been escorted by Indian Navy (IN) ships and 40 piracy attempts have been averted. Along with the sustained efforts of various navies and the shipping community, the success rate of piracy has dropped from 38 per cent in 2008 to approximately 11 per cent till 2011 and even further in 2012. Our anti-piracy operations have thus far been co-ordinated tri-laterally with the Chinese and Japanese, and in the near future this initiative could include the South Korean navy.
Over the past year, there has not been a single incident of piracy within 300 nautical miles of our island territories on the West coast. As a result of the relative safety of our waters from piracy, there has consequently been a discernible shift in the International Shipping Lines (ISLs). International shipping is now passing closer to the Indian coast due to the protection provided by the Indian Navy and Coast Guard. This has resulted in an unfortunate incident of mistaken identity which led to the loss of innocent lives of our fishermen; such are the dangers and challenges which require to be addressed.
On the Capability Accretion
Indian Navy has made very significant progress towards capability accretion and this is in consonance with a conceived vision and plan. The past three years have seen the publication of three major documents – the Maritime Capabilities Perspective Plan 2012-27, the XII Plan document and the XII Infrastructure Plan document. During XI Plan period, which concluded on March 31 this year, close to 200 Acceptances of Necessity (AoNs) with a total value of Rs 2,73,070 crores were obtained. Of these, 161 contracts with a total value of Rs 92,069 crores have been concluded.
On Newly Commissioned Ships
A record number of 15 ships have been commissioned into the Navy over the past three years. These include the three Shivalik class stealth frigates — Shivalik, Satpura and Sahyadri; two fleet tankers — Deepak and Shakti; one follow-on 1135.6 class stealth frigate, INS Teg; the sail training ship, Sudarshini; and eight water-jet Fast Attack Craft (FAC).
On INS Chakra and INS Arihant
Commissioning of the nuclear attack submarine INS Chakra on January 23 this year was a momentous occasion, as we are now part of a select group of six nations that operate SSNs. INS Chakra has added considerable punch to our maritime power and will aid in developing future concepts of naval operations in this very critical sphere. You are aware that the Arihant is steadily progressing towards its operationalisation, and we hope to commence sea trials in the coming months. Given our unequivocal 'no-first-use commitment', a retaliatory strike capability that is credible and invulnerable is an imperative. The Indian Navy is poised to complete the triad, and our maritime and nuclear doctrines will then be aligned to ensure that our nuclear insurance comes from the sea.
On Indigenous Warship Programmes
Our indigenous warship building programme is poised to touch new heights with 43 warships currently under construction in our shipyards. These include the indigenous aircraft carrier, destroyers, corvettes and submarines. Three ships of Project 15A, which are follow-ons of the existing Delhi Class destroyers, with improved stealth features and weapon and sensor fit are scheduled for induction, commencing early next year. A contract has also been signed with Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) for four more P 15B destroyers, which will follow the P15A ships. Four Anti Submarine Warfare Corvettes, being built at Garden Research Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd (GRSE), Kolkata, are the first stealth corvettes designed and built indigenously as specialised anti-submarine warfare (ASW) surface combatants. The first ship is scheduled to be inducted early next year and others will follow at a yearly interval.
In order to augment our offshore patrolling capability, four offshore patrol vessels are under construction at Goa Shipyard Limited. The ships are scheduled for induction from the end of this year onwards. Five other offshore patrol vessels will be built at a private shipyard. These ships, along with two cadet training ships under construction at another private Shipyard, are the first warship orders ever given to private shipyards since our Independence. Eight new, upgraded landing craft are also under construction at GRSE, Kolkata and will augment the force levels in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These ships will replace the old Landing Craft Utility (LCUs), which are in the process of being phased out.
Our survey ships and hydrographers are a valuable part of the Navy and are much in demand amongst a variety of littoral states in the Indian Ocean Region. To augment their force levels, six new catamaran hull Survey vessels are being built by Alcock Ashdown Gujarat Ltd at Bhavnagar. The first ship is undergoing sea trials and is scheduled to be commissioned later this year. The construction of Scorpene submarines under Project 75 is underway. MDL and the Department of Defence Production maintain that the first submarine is likely to be commissioned in 2015 and the sixth submarine by 2018.
The Indian Navy's preferred choice of inducting ships and submarines has always been through the indigenous route. Today, of the 46 ships and submarines presently on order, 43 are from Indian shipyards. The intended induction programme is structured to continue at a pace such that over the next five years we expect to induct ships and submarines at an average rate of five platforms per year, provided the yards deliver as per contracted timelines.
On Upcoming Programmes
In addition to the 46 ships under construction, Acceptance of Necessity for 49 more ships and submarines has been obtained. These include seven more follow-on ships of the Shivalik Class, under Project 17-A, which are to be built at both MDL, Mumbai and GRSE, Kolkata and we are working towards contract conclusion in the current financial year. Contracts for four water-jet FACs, to be built at GRSE, Kolkata, one more training ship, to be built at a private shipyard and two mine hunters to be built in South Korea, are likely to be concluded during the current financial year. Six more mine hunters will be subsequently built at Goa Shipyard under ToT. Options for the Deep Submergence and Rescue vessel (DSRV) are presently undergoing technical evaluation. In addition, approval for construction of six submarines under Project -75(I) is at the final stages of approval. Requests for Proposals in respect of four LPDs, 16 shallow water ASW ships – the order being split between two shipyards, one survey training vessel and two diving support vessels will also be issued in the coming months.
On the Russian Ships for IN
Three ships are under construction in Russia. These include two more ships of the follow-on Talwar class, being built at Yantar Shipyard in Kalingrad, with one scheduled for induction later this year and the other next year. The third ship, of course, is the Vikramaditya, which is currently undergoing sea trials. On the June 28, the aviation trials involving the operations of MiG-29 K from the deck of that ship commenced.
On Navy's Aviation Assets
In order to maintain effective vigil and surveillance in our area of interest, eight of the world's most advanced, state-of-the-art P-8I Poseidon, long-range maritime patrol aircraft are due to be inducted early 2013. In addition, eight Medium Range Maritime Reconnaissance (MRMR) aircraft are also planned for induction. Procurement of additional Unmanned Aerial Vehicles is being progressed to further augment our surveillance and reconnaissance capability at sea. The first batch of MiG-29K fighters has already been inducted, and delivery of the aircraft from the follow-on contract will commence later this year. The rotary wing assets of the Navy are also being upgraded to induct state-of-the-art weapons, sensors and avionics. These include upgradation of the Kamov 28 and Seaking 42B. The new inductions amongst the helicopters include the Multi-role Helicopters (MRH) for fleet ships. In addition, the Naval Utility Helicopter is also planned for induction by 2016 as the Request for Proposal should get issued any time now.
On Development of Infrastructure
Work on Phase I of Project Seabird at Karwar was completed last year and we are in the final stages of getting Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) approval for Phase IIA at Karwar. Meanwhile, our dockyards and Naval Aircraft Yards are also constantly being upgraded to keep pace with new inductions and infusion of newer technologies.
On Securing Island Territories
This has been bolstered by commissioning of the naval establishment INS Dweeprakshak at Kavaratti, in the Lakshwadeep and Minicoy islands. I also commissioned our latest Naval Air Station, INS Baaz at Campbell Bay on Great Nicobar Island.
On Bilateral Exercises
Our foreign co-operation initiatives include engaging with other extra-regional navies as well to gain operational skills and doctrinal expertise, exchange transformational experiences, generate inter-operability and enhance our awareness in the maritime domain through a variety of information-sharing mechanisms. The growing scope and complexity of 'Combined Exercises' with the United States Navy, the French, the Royal Navy, the Russian Navy, the Singaporeans and South African and Brazilian Navies all contribute towards our cooperative engagement initiatives. Some of our ships are back from a deployment to the Mediterranean Sea. Earlier this year units of the Eastern Fleet had similarly deployed to the South and East China Seas.