VPNs sure .. own servers not so much because there is no need ..
I have friends in Biotech R&D that know how to spin up Azure servers for their work. And their work is pretty secretive. Same with mechanical ... borsch for example.. They have their own net and passing around large CAD models slows them down a lot.
I too am not sure what 5G has over wifi when it comes to R&D facilities. Since (chinese 5g anyway) has higher frequency waves which causes bad range and cannot bend around corners as easily.
I work as a solution provider for data acquisition in pharmaceutical, chemical and petrochemical industry.
All these people have their own servers and VPNs/networks to store production and R&D data in-house.
These companies have their dedicated server rooms.
I am speaking from my personal experience.
They have the following strict requirements
- Data belongs to them and no one else should be able to access that data
- Data doesn't exit their network or server without explicit approval
- Only authorized parties can access data
- Internet can't be accessed for any third party dependencies
and the list continues.
In my experience marketing, sales, admin, etc. are the department that use cloud services.