amoy
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Lots of factors in addtion to infrastructures, such asSo having better infrastructure won't mean squat unless profitability and IP protection is there.
work ethics / disciplines -- already threads on East Asia vs. South Asia
culture / mindset -- I can speak for sure Chinese are more open minded and confident just based on the fact there're more Indians in China than Chinese in India
domestic market -- unlike what u imagine, not always export oriented. China's market is enormous and potential
education (even elementary) -- what's Ind's literacy rate vs China's?
policy consistency
trade policy
on basis of those factors foreign investment may opt for Vietnam or even Cambodia for manufacturing.
at the onset of opening , China set a strategy of 'market for technology' i.e. foreign enterprises were requested of 'transfer of technology'. in the end Chinese do not only get 'capital' (nowadays 'surplus') but also know-how of course. that's the way to leap and overtake... u see very clearly in nuclear industry, auto industry and even train and aircraft (Bombadir/Boeing alike are required to set up plants and transfer tech to china).multinationals have been able to shed costs (Western labor) at a rapid clip, creating massive wins for the executive class while (to gain access to the China market) being forced to share know how, technology, and the like.
Actually this trend (not necessarily 'nationalism' driven) shall be welcomed. Why? In a developing country State's role is always indispensible in promoting big and long-term projects.* Signs of nationalism are evident in the grooming of state-owned companies to dominate their industries as "national champions," often at the expense of private Chinese companies as well as foreign firms. From airlines to coal mining to dairy products, government policies are expanding the state's role.
private companies have their confines - inadequate capital, often driven by short-term gains, lack of scale of economy...
coal mining is a typical example. those private mining companies are reluctant to invest in security facilities and explore in compliance with regulations. their rough way of exploitation results in frequent casulties/death of miners and inefficiency and waste and contamination. that drives large state-owned companies to take over coal mines with advanced tech/facilities
As for airlines recently a few malmanaged private airlines have to be liquidated or restructured. again state owned airlines (usually bigger) intervene.
these phenomena are far profound than being oversimplified as nationalism-motivated.
i