F-35 Joint Strike Fighter

Flying Dagger

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This was being tested by Lockheed Martin before delivery to Italy. Given the fact it is mostly alright due to the circuits being shutdown after bailing out, killing power to the engines and the airframe was safe.

Most likely it will head to LM's facility down the road and get patched up for testing and delivery again.
F-35 B is most problematic of all facing most issues despite low numbers in comparison to F-35 A.
 

Wisemarko

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Lockheed instead delivered 141 F-35s in 2022.

Lockheed Martin has announced finalizing pricing on a long-delayed, three-year order for up to 398 F-35 airframes worth $30 billion.

The F135 engine generally consumes about 18-19% of the overall flyaway cost of the F-35A. If that trend remains consistent, the cost of an F-35A ordered in Lot 15 would rise to about $82-83 million each, reflecting a 5-6.5% increase over F-35A flyaway costs in Lot 14. Lockheed says the airframe will cost about $69-70 million each during the new, three-year ordering period.
 

Flying Dagger

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Lockheed instead delivered 141 F-35s in 2022.

Lockheed Martin has announced finalizing pricing on a long-delayed, three-year order for up to 398 F-35 airframes worth $30 billion.

The F135 engine generally consumes about 18-19% of the overall flyaway cost of the F-35A. If that trend remains consistent, the cost of an F-35A ordered in Lot 15 would rise to about $82-83 million each, reflecting a 5-6.5% increase over F-35A flyaway costs in Lot 14. Lockheed says the airframe will cost about $69-70 million each during the new, three-year ordering period.
Happy New year all...

That's an impressive flyaway cost .. even at 82-83 . It's the maintenance and operational cost which will be the main headache though.

Again engine is the most crucial component of a fifth gen for now and cost is appropriate for it. Even Older gen engine are as expensive.
 

Flying Dagger

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Lockheed instead delivered 141 F-35s in 2022.

Lockheed Martin has announced finalizing pricing on a long-delayed, three-year order for up to 398 F-35 airframes worth $30 billion.

The F135 engine generally consumes about 18-19% of the overall flyaway cost of the F-35A. If that trend remains consistent, the cost of an F-35A ordered in Lot 15 would rise to about $82-83 million each, reflecting a 5-6.5% increase over F-35A flyaway costs in Lot 14. Lockheed says the airframe will cost about $69-70 million each during the new, three-year ordering period.
Happy New year all...

That's an impressive flyaway cost .. even at 82-83 . It's the maintenance and operational cost which will be the main headache though.

Again engine is the most crucial component of a fifth gen for now and cost is appropriate for it. Even Older gen engine are as expensive.
 

Super Flanker

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SPEAR-EW jammer for future F-35
Hey there! I had a query with regards to "SPEAR-EW", I would like to know what happens with the jammer after it is ejected from the aircraft, I mean is it possible to retrieve it back so it can be used again? Or is that once it is used from an aircraft, it simply goes to the target and does the JAMMING and crashes into the ground? (Inshort - One time use). Because that does seem to be the case to me cause by seeing it's design, it has the small wings like those found in glide bombs & would help to glide a certain distance (also help maintain loitering time).

EED5D3BA-817D-4849-9E00-247E0A0C0FAF.jpeg

(I got above picture from a thread in F-16.net)

On a side note, I really like the entire concept of a stand-off jammer like the SPEAR EW. I think that would be very helpful for the F-35 in SEAD missions. I would definitely want to see India develop a stand off jammer/something similar for the AMCA. :clap2:
 

Wisemarko

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Happy New year all...

That's an impressive flyaway cost .. even at 82-83 . It's the maintenance and operational cost which will be the main headache though.

Again engine is the most crucial component of a fifth gen for now and cost is appropriate for it. Even Older gen engine are as expensive.
Maintenance costs go down as inventory increases
 

StealthFlanker

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Hey there! I had a query with regards to "SPEAR-EW", I would like to know what happens with the jammer after it is ejected from the aircraft, I mean is it possible to retrieve it back so it can be used again? Or is that once it is used from an aircraft, it simply goes to the target and does the JAMMING and crashes into the ground? (Inshort - One time use). Because that does seem to be the case to me cause by seeing it's design, it has the small wings like those found in glide bombs & would help to glide a certain distance (also help maintain loitering time).

View attachment 187958
(I got above picture from a thread in F-16.net)

On a side note, I really like the entire concept of a stand-off jammer like the SPEAR EW. I think that would be very helpful for the F-35 in SEAD missions. I would definitely want to see India develop a stand off jammer/something similar for the AMCA. :clap2:
It is a one time use system, basically a cruise missile with a jammer
 

Super Flanker

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It is a one time use system, basically a cruise missile with a jammer
Thank you very much for answering my query, I was already leaning towards the view that this was indeed a one time use system. I think so that it works this way : For example an F-35 is carrying several SPEAR-EW jammers (internally & hence it will have the advantage of Stealth in the sense it won't be detected immediately) and is performing a SEAD mission to destroy SAM threats like S-400, S-300, S-125 etc then it will detect the SAM & fire the SPEAR-EW at the SAM, ofcource the SAM won't sit like some sitting duck, they too will retaliate & fire missiles against the jammers but I suppose that by the time they manage to detect and are able to counter act then many of the SPEAR EW would have got close enough to the SAM to be able to employ jamming against it and this would be able to blind the SAM & help the F-35 itself or if it having escorts like F-15, E-18 Growler, F-16 etc then they will be able to get close enough to fire anti radiation missiles like AGM-88 HARM for e.g.

The newest one is AGM-ER right? I think that AGM-ER would be used in today's scenarios.

aargm.jpeg


Below is an image of an F-16 (I think Block-50, not sure) carrying four AGM-88s. I tried to download the photo from Google but was not able to do so so I just took screenshot and cropped it. :yo:
IMG_20230102_200719.jpg


Very nice concept of a self propelled jammer. I think that India should look into developing something similar in near future if the need arises. :clap2:
 

blackjack

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Passive radars can discriminate between decoys and aircrafts therefore need to be high fidelity decoys than low fidelity decoys. But OTH radars exist and the container has a 1km spatial resolution and HF RCS signatures of the F-35 already exist since Israel flies and brags about them and the radar looks like it covers Israel entirely. No pilot is retarded enough to stay in a 1km spacial resolution with another f-35 or more decoys increasing the chance of sending SAMs or air to air missiles towards them. Satellites exist and OTH radars will monitor f-35s the moment they leave their runways. If f-35s are like 15m2 on OTH radars and decoys are like .8m2 there is absolutely a great chance SAM operators will be warned by OTH radar operators of which target is which based on their measurement readings. And SAMs like air launched decoys have decoys emitters which the F-35 has to discriminate between low and high fidelity decoys if they are jamming decoys emitters instead or getting lured to short range air defense systems. It never made sense to me why Russia does not bother to use these for SEAD operations but instead are letting Su-57s control up to 4 of either su-70s or Grom stealth drones and these stealth drones will control 10 molinya stealth drones with payloads of 700km ranges towards targets. Paralay at his forum stated 8 molinya stealth drones can fit into one su-57 compartment and they are like 1.5 meters long around the same size as CUDA missiles, so maybe 18 of drones if we include wing bay roots, assuming su-70 carries same amount of drones without wing bay roots to 16, and unknown to what the grom carries, I think it would be better to overwhelm SAMs with a stealth drone swarm. Paralay the admin said 8 in a internal compartment but not compartments with the s on the end using Google translate, maybe I will ask him later to be sure and re-edit my articles if I have to.
 

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Passive radars can discriminate between decoys and aircrafts therefore need to be high fidelity decoys than low fidelity decoys.
Passive radar can't discriminate between decoys and aircraft, they are in fact, among the worst for target discrimination. The problem with passive radar is the fact that anything that can emit will look like a target.

But OTH radars exist and the container has a 1km spatial resolution and HF RCS signatures of the F-35 already exist since Israel flies and brags about them and the radar looks like it covers Israel entirely. No pilot is retarded enough to stay in a 1km spacial resolution with another f-35 or more decoys increasing the chance of sending SAMs or air to air missiles towards them. Satellites exist and OTH radars will monitor f-35s the moment they leave their runways. If f-35s are like 15m2 on OTH radars and decoys are like .8m2 there is absolutely a great chance SAM operators will be warned by OTH radar operators of which target is which based on their measurement readings. And SAMs like air launched decoys have decoys emitters which the F-35 has to discriminate between low and high fidelity decoys if they are jamming decoys emitters instead or getting lured to short range air defense systems.
Container radar does not have 1 km spatial resolution, the resolution cell of container or any OTH-B radar is much bigger than 1 km square. The problem is due to the huge distance involved. Even if you somehow get the beamwidth down to 0.5 degree then at distance of 2000 km, the size of the cell is as high as 17.5 km wide. There will be multiple targets inside your cell with the only different between them is the doppler shift due to possible velocity different. But there is no certainty that decoys and aircraft will move at different speed, and you won't even know which one is supposed to be the "correct speed"
Secondly, Container radar operate in the HF regime (frequency between 3-30 MHz), that mean the wavelength alone is on the order of 10-100 meters, so there is no way the pulse width could be short enough for you to discriminate between a Spear-EW or MALD decoy and an F-35. Not to mention the fact that because the wavelength even bigger than the target itself, most if not all of the reflection will be in the form of Rayleigh scattering, it basically mean that the reflection now no longer follow the optical rule of specular return, so target shape is irrelevant. The one thing that make OTH radar immune to stealth aircraft also make them horrible in target discrimination.
If Container radar can really track target from the run way, then they would have been useful to aid Russian in Ukraine invasion given the fact that it basically cover the whole country. Unfortunately, OTH radar are pretty horrendous for any task that is not "early warning of ballistic missile". So IFF in Ukraine is pretty hard if not impossible
1575382969_fooicbjgoo0.jpg



It never made sense to me why Russia does not bother to use these for SEAD operations but instead are letting Su-57s control up to 4 of either su-70s or Grom stealth drones and these stealth drones will control 10 molinya stealth drones with payloads of 700km ranges towards targets. Paralay at his forum stated 8 molinya stealth drones can fit into one su-57 compartment and they are like 1.5 meters long around the same size as CUDA missiles, so maybe 18 of drones if we include wing bay roots, assuming su-70 carries same amount of drones without wing bay roots to 16, and unknown to what the grom carries, I think it would be better to overwhelm SAMs with a stealth drone swarm. Paralay the admin said 8 in a internal compartment but not compartments with the s on the end using Google translate, maybe I will ask him later to be sure and re-edit my articles if I have to.
S-70 and Grom are similar to X-47, MQ-28 and XQ-58. They are not in anyway in the same class with Spear-EW which supposed to be a self propelled jammer that can be carried inside F-35
With that being said: Molinya is actually quite similar to Spear-EW and Carrena in function and role
 

blackjack

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Passive radar can't discriminate between decoys and aircraft, they are in fact, among the worst for target discrimination. The problem with passive radar is the fact that anything that can emit will look like a target.
So, what your also saying is the F-35 wouldnt know if a radar or decoy emitter is luring airborne EW systems as well? Kolchuga passive sensor - Wikipedia

"Target identification[edit]
Kolchuga is able to detect and identify many types of radio devices mounted on ground, airborne, or marine objects. Target detection relies only on an emitter having sufficient power and being within Kolchuga's frequency range. Target identification, however, is more complex and is based on the measurement of different parameters of the transmitted signal—such as its frequency, bandwidth, pulse width, pulse repetition interval, etc. Kolchuga has been reported to use around forty different parameters when identifying a target. These parameters are compared to a database in order to identify both the type of emitter and, in some cases, even the specific piece of equipment (by identifying the unique signature or "fingerprint" that most transmitters have, due to the variations and tolerances in individual components). The database within Kolchuga is said to have the capacity to store around three hundred different types of emitter and up to five hundred specific signatures for each type."

what do they mean by target identification by monitoring waves? For some reason they are saying they can detect and identify which equipment is ship or aircraft? So they must be out of their minds?

Container radar does not have 1 km spatial resolution, the resolution cell of container or any OTH-B radar is much bigger than 1 km square. The problem is due to the huge distance involved. Even if you somehow get the beamwidth down to 0.5 degree then at distance of 2000 km, the size of the cell is as high as 17.5 km wide. There will be multiple targets inside your cell with the only different between them is the doppler shift due to possible velocity different. But there is no certainty that decoys and aircraft will move at different speed, and you won't even know which one is supposed to be the "correct speed"
Secondly, Container radar operate in the HF regime (frequency between 3-30 MHz), that mean the wavelength alone is on the order of 10-100 meters, so there is no way the pulse width could be short enough for you to discriminate between a Spear-EW or MALD decoy and an F-35. Not to mention the fact that because the wavelength even bigger than the target itself, most if not all of the reflection will be in the form of Rayleigh scattering, it basically mean that the reflection now no longer follow the optical rule of specular return, so target shape is irrelevant. The one thing that make OTH radar immune to stealth aircraft also make them horrible in target discrimination.
If Container radar can really track target from the run way, then they would have been useful to aid Russian in Ukraine invasion given the fact that it basically cover the whole country. Unfortunately, OTH radar are pretty horrendous for any task that is not "early warning of ballistic missile". So IFF in Ukraine is pretty hard if not impossible
Let me see if I am able to follow you correctly. If there is one F-35 that is measured as 15m2 at 1000kms and the other F-35 with a decoy next to the F-35's resoultion cell and its measured at 15.80m2 at 1000kms, the OTH radar operators still wouldn't know even if they constantly monitored cruise missiles or aircrafts that have flew before? 29B6 Konteyner Over The Horizon Radar (OTHR) (globalsecurity.org)

The over-the-horizon station will be monitoring the airspace and detection of all types of aerodynamic targets, including planes, helicopters, drones and cruise missiles.
The radar apparently uses new mathematical models that allow to determine the type of target in real time, without needing to calculate the entire flight trajectory.


To me it sounds like the OTH radar is able to classify what the targets are from cruise missiles to aircrafts, are they bullshitting about that? Would OTH radar operators get different readings if 3 F-35s flew in one cell compared to the one F-35 and one cell and those readings just based on measurements alone won't classify how many targets are in those cells?
 

StealthFlanker

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So, what your also saying is the F-35 wouldnt know if a radar or decoy emitter is luring airborne EW systems as well? Kolchuga passive sensor - Wikipedia

"Target identification[edit]
Kolchuga is able to detect and identify many types of radio devices mounted on ground, airborne, or marine objects. Target detection relies only on an emitter having sufficient power and being within Kolchuga's frequency range. Target identification, however, is more complex and is based on the measurement of different parameters of the transmitted signal—such as its frequency, bandwidth, pulse width, pulse repetition interval, etc. Kolchuga has been reported to use around forty different parameters when identifying a target. These parameters are compared to a database in order to identify both the type of emitter and, in some cases, even the specific piece of equipment (by identifying the unique signature or "fingerprint" that most transmitters have, due to the variations and tolerances in individual components). The database within Kolchuga is said to have the capacity to store around three hundred different types of emitter and up to five hundred specific signatures for each type."

what do they mean by target identification by monitoring waves? For some reason they are saying they can detect and identify which equipment is ship or aircraft? So they must be out of their minds?
All ELINT system, whether it is Kolchuga or Vera or ASQ-239 or ALQ-218, ASQ-213 all identify and classify their target in very similar fashion.
They based on characteristic like frequency, pulse width, bandwidth, PRF, and scan interval. Let me explain what that mean. Let say you have a Nebo-UM and a 91N6 radar right next to each other. Even though they can both emit radio wave, the Nebo-UM operate in VHF/UHF frequency while 91N6 operate in S-band. Furthermore, Nebo-UM is an early warning radar so it will primary use long pulse width and high PRF in order to increase the detection range. Whereas 91N6 is also a tracking radar so it will use shorter pulse width to improve range resolution and also medium PRF to avoid range ambiguity. In other word, every radar have their own purpose and therefore they will use a certain range of frequency/bandwidth/pulse width/scan pattern that will best served that purpose. And based on that, your ELINT system can make an educated guess of what it is detecting. This work very well against radar, because radar pulse width, frequency, scan pattern ..etc are limited by their role. Like for example, a HF radar will be horrendous for fire control role. Basically, if something sound like an elephant, walk like an elephant, and look like an elephant, then it is probably an elephant
Back to what I said earlier about " Passive radar can't discriminate between decoys and aircraft" , the reason is actually pretty simple. Both the decoy and the aircraft can carry jammer which can operate in the same way. There are 2 main ways to jam the enemy radar
1-broadcast white noise in the frequency of interest so that the actual return is overwhelmed with noise
2- replicate the enemy radar signal, then send back, but with shift in frequency/time/polarization so as to give the false tracking information
In both case, a jammer does not need to track and locate target. So it does not have to care about things like range ambiguity, resolution cell, dwell time ...etc. In other words, the band width of jammer are a lot wider than any radar, same goes for their possible pulse width and PRF. The ALE-70 trailing F-35 and the ALQ-184 pod on F-16 and the DRFM jammer inside Spear-ew, they all can transmit the same waveform, with the same PRF. So a passive radar wouldn't be able to distinguish between the decoy and an aircraft operate a jammer.

Let me see if I am able to follow you correctly. If there is one F-35 that is measured as 15m2 at 1000kms and the other F-35 with a decoy next to the F-35's resoultion cell and its measured at 15.80m2 at 1000kms, the OTH radar operators still wouldn't know even if they constantly monitored cruise missiles or aircrafts that have flew before? 29B6 Konteyner Over The Horizon Radar (OTHR) (globalsecurity.org)

The over-the-horizon station will be monitoring the airspace and detection of all types of aerodynamic targets, including planes, helicopters, drones and cruise missiles.
The radar apparently uses new mathematical models that allow to determine the type of target in real time, without needing to calculate the entire flight trajectory.


To me it sounds like the OTH radar is able to classify what the targets are from cruise missiles to aircrafts, are they bullshitting about that? Would OTH radar operators get different readings if 3 F-35s flew in one cell compared to the one F-35 and one cell and those readings just based on measurements alone won't classify how many targets are in those cells?
Let me first explain to you: "what is a resolution cell" and why they are important
To start, let talk about beam width.
It is basically how wide your radar beam is. The bigger your beam is, the harder it is to discriminate your target. Because now, return of target at the similar range will be merged together


Secondly, pulse width is also very important. It basically how long your pulse is. The longer your pulse is, the more energy it will have, and you can see further. But longer pulse also mean that the pulse can reach a second target before the target in front of it fully reflected the whole pulse length



When you put the beam width and pulse width together, you will have something called the resolution cell. It is basically the smallest volume of airspace in which a radar cannot determine the presence of more than one target. The resolution cell of a radar is a measure of how well the radar can resolve targets in range, azimuth, and altitude.


Back to your question, can OTH radar track cruise missiles? sure, can it distinguish between a cruise missile, a helicopter and a ballistic missile? sure because they all have different speed which will result in different doppler shift. Can it distinguish if several F-35 are inside its resolution cell? Nope
 

blackjack

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Can it distinguish if several F-35 are inside its resolution cell? Nope
Microsoft Word - 07Sep_Liu.doc (core.ac.uk)
1673042641116.png

1673042730386.png


Several F-35s from the looks of these charts might be a little bigger than 100m2 and the surface area of a single F-35 is like 42.7354m2 with measurements of wingspan, length and all that. I personally know the OTH radar alone can't tell the difference between 1 passenger plane from 13 F-35s based on RCS which is why I also insisted satellites are needed to know how many stealth aircrafts left their runway to immediately cue an OTH radar to get the total RCS value of either one or several F-35s, and continuously monitor their aircraft for any changes like taking account for F-35s and weapons that are launched and weapons being launched might raise the RCS value depending how close or far they are from F-35 aircrafts. Of course, this PDF shows old OTH radar information being able to do this, But the tracking 5000 targets claim to those radars saying 100s might mean that newer generation OTH radars have smaller target cell tracking capabilities far superior to previous generations.
 

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Microsoft Word - 07Sep_Liu.doc (core.ac.uk)
View attachment 188601
View attachment 188602

Several F-35s from the looks of these charts might be a little bigger than 100m2 and the surface area of a single F-35 is like 42.7354m2 with measurements of wingspan, length and all that. I personally know the OTH radar alone can't tell the difference between 1 passenger plane from 13 F-35s based on RCS which is why I also insisted satellites are needed to know how many stealth aircrafts left their runway to immediately cue an OTH radar to get the total RCS value of either one or several F-35s, and continuously monitor their aircraft for any changes like taking account for F-35s and weapons that are launched and weapons being launched might raise the RCS value depending how close or far they are from F-35 aircrafts. Of course, this PDF shows old OTH radar information being able to do this, But the tracking 5000 targets claim to those radars saying 100s might mean that newer generation OTH radars have smaller target cell tracking capabilities far superior to previous generations.
You are confused between the minimum signal to noise ratio needed to detect target and the ability to discriminate different target inside a resolution cell. Those two are not the same.
Minimum SNR only tell you the min signal ratio needed for the target to appear on your radar screen. This can be affected by many things from target altitude to clutter interferences.
 

StealthFlanker

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. I personally know the OTH radar alone can't tell the difference between 1 passenger plane from 13 F-35s based on RCS which is why I also insisted satellites are needed to know how many stealth aircrafts left their runway to immediately cue an OTH radar to get the total RCS value of either one or several F-35s, and continuously monitor their aircraft for any changes like taking account for F-35s and weapons that are launched and weapons being launched might raise the RCS value depending how close or far they are from F-35 aircrafts. Of course, this PDF shows old OTH radar information being able to do this, But the tracking 5000 targets claim to those radars saying 100s might mean that newer generation OTH radars have smaller target cell tracking capabilities far superior to previous generations.
And honestly, you just need to look at the war currently going on in Ukraine to see that this doesn’t work. The container radar basically cover the whole Ukraine, and yet Russian with their superior fire power still can’t stop these Ukraine Mig-29 from taking off and doing harassment
 

blackjack

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You are confused between the minimum signal to noise ratio needed to detect target and the ability to discriminate different target inside a resolution cell. Those two are not the same.
Minimum SNR only tell you the min signal ratio needed for the target to appear on your radar screen. This can be affected by many things from target altitude to clutter interferences.
OTH radar is shit when there are multiple targets as it will still see only one target that part I get. What I am saying is let's say there are several F-35s that it can't distinguish if there are multiple targets or one big target, then these F-35s launch a bunch of air to ground missiles, however as these missiles are launched next to the F-35s would the OTH radar operator know of any change in terms of target size on his radar that the surface area target he was monitoring got bigger than the values he saw before? because they are giving target RCS values on those charts.


And honestly, you just need to look at the war currently going on in Ukraine to see that this doesn’t work. The container radar basically cover the whole Ukraine, and yet Russian with their superior fire power still can’t stop these Ukraine Mig-29 from taking off and doing harassment
I mean is there any ukrainian mig-29 tweets or videos doing anything significant other than pushing the ghost of kyiv meme?,I already have Master chief on the Ukraine war thread and nothing I have seen so far of mig-29s doing anything significant since its all artillery unless i am blind of them doing anything and they do keep periodically get supplied by post-soviet block nation for migs, the only video for today was some Wagner Mercenary shooting down a Ukrainian su-25 with Manpads from 8kms away.
 

StealthFlanker

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OTH radar is shit when there are multiple targets as it will still see only one target that part I get. What I am saying is let's say there are several F-35s that it can't distinguish if there are multiple targets or one big target, then these F-35s launch a bunch of air to ground missiles, however as these missiles are launched next to the F-35s would the OTH radar operator know of any change in terms of target size on his radar that the surface area target he was monitoring got bigger than the values he saw before? because they are giving target RCS values on those charts.
The target RCS value on those chart come with the needed SNR to detect them, what the chart basically tell you is the required minimum SNR so that you can detect target.
The radar screen might show you the different between the barely detectable target that keep disappearing then appearing on screen and something that constantly on the screen. But it won't show you the different between 1 F-35 or MQ-25 or F-18 and 2 decoys or 2 TLAM ...etc. And the RCS magnitude change also depend on aspect as well, there isn't much valuable information you can guess even if it show you how RCS change


I mean is there any ukrainian mig-29 tweets or videos doing anything significant other than pushing the ghost of kyiv meme?,I already have Master chief on the Ukraine war thread and nothing I have seen so far of mig-29s doing anything significant since its all artillery unless i am blind of them doing anything and they do keep periodically get supplied by post-soviet block nation for migs, the only video for today was some Wagner Mercenary shooting down a Ukrainian su-25 with Manpads from 8kms away.
I don't think you understand the point, I'm not talking about the propaganda like Ghost of Kyiv. I'm saying that if Container OTH was effective in tracking and IFF fighter , then you won't see plenty video of Ukraine Mi-24/Su-25 doing CAS or Mig-29 doing SEAD with HARM. Because "they will be tracked since take off", their airfield will be found and destroyed, their fly path will be intercepted"
 

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