Chen Ning Yang, Physics, 1957
Tsung-Dao Lee, Physics, 1957
Daniel C. Tsui, Physics, 1998
Charles K. Kao, Physics, 2009
Mo Yan, Literature, 2012
Liu Xiaobo, Peace, 2010
Gao Xingjian*, Literature, 2000
Tenzin Gyatso, Peace, 1989
Kailash Satyarthi , Peace, 2014
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan*, Chemistry, 2009
Amartya Sen*, Economic Sciences, 1998
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar*, Physics, 1983
Mother Teresa, Peace, 1979
Hargobind Khorana*, born in Kabirwala, British India (Now Pakistan), acquired US citizenship, Physiology of Medicine, 1968
C.V. Raman, Physics, 1930
Rabindranath Tagore, Literature, 1913
This is one of the problems of China and India, both has 8 nobel prizes... Finland with 5 million population has 4 alone. You need more R&D and reformed schoolsystems if you wanna compete and not just be "worlds factory". Russia has also declined, after SU, but they are still quite good in basic science, the problem is making those products in Russia.
Andre Geim*, Physics, 2010
Konstantin Novoselov*, Physics, 2010
Leonid Hurwicz*, Economics, 2007
Alexei A. Abrikosov*, Physics, 2003
Vitaly Ginzburg, Physics, 2003
Zhores Ivanovich Alferov, born in then Soviet Union, now Belarus, Physics, 2000
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, Peace, 1990
Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky*, Literature, 1987
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Physics, 1978
Menachem Begin*, born in now Belarus, Peace, 1978
Ilya Prigogine*, Chemistry, 1977
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov, Peace, 1975
Leonid Vitalyevich Kantorovich, Economics, 1975
Wassily Leontief, Economics, 1973
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Literature, 1970
Michail Sholokhov, Literature, 1965
Nicolay G. Basov, Physics, 1964
Aleksandr M. Prokhorov, born in Australia, Physics, 1964
Lev Davidovich Landau, Physics, 1962
Boris Pasternak, Literature, 1958 (forced to decline)
Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Physics, 1958
Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm, Physics, 1958
Ilya Mikhailovich Frank, Physics, 1958
Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov, Chemistry, 1956
Ivan Bunin*, Literature, 1933
Wilhelm Ostwald*, born in now Latvia, Chemistry, 1909
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, born in now Ukraine, Physiology or Medicine, 1908
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, Physiology or Medicine, 1904