Chinese media: China needs to learn from India.

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http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper53/16887/1483805.html
Analysis of every hue various types of charts, we can see, Chinese enterprises take the lead often are state-owned enterprises, and the situation of India is opposite, India enterprises real walking in front of it is the private enterprise. Private economy in China." To break through the bottleneck, go" today, the development of India private enterprise experience is valuable for us to learn in.

In Hewitt last year's Asia-Pacific salary increase survey, India enterprises to pay the highest rates of growth enterprises, and Chinese enterprises only up to fourth. At the same time, in the near future gave " Asia Pacific Leadership Talent best employers in India", the company occupied the 5 place, while Chinese enterprises even without a list. The results are somewhat beyond all expectations.

Chinese private enterprises started late, lack of experience

Compared with the private economy in India, the private enterprise of our country is still the birth baby. India long development of civilian battalion economy history, be it be way ahead in China enterprise advantage.

In the early colonial period, India has many private enterprises, they and the Congress Party of India has the very deep origin, and the support of the Congress Party of the independence movement. After the independence of India, the government did not restrict the development of private enterprises. To this day, many large private enterprises has a history of over 100 years, China's private enterprise development only after the reform and opening up for decades. Around 1949, China and India enterprises gap is too big. The long development of India private enterprises accumulated over the Chinese private enterprises much richer experience.

India really walking in front of it is the large-scale private enterprises, such as India's largest company Tata Group, its subsidiary company of Tata Consultancy Services, Asia's largest software consulting services company. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Asia Pacific Studies by Dr. Liu Xiaoxue told reporters in India, Tata Group, as such a large private enterprises in many industries held monopoly position. India's infrastructure and other public areas of state-owned enterprises by the possession of private enterprises, mainly in the service industry. Although India government intervention in the economy is very strong, but the government allowed some private enterprises in infrastructure, steel and other fields.

India also has some information about the company, their existence is the use of government policy in the gray zone, using the software market expanding rapidly achieve explosive growth, listed assets scale also rises very fast. At the same time, the government of their limitation is small, these companies use new technology, obtained much higher than China enterprise management efficiency.

Chinese private enterprises development in scale

China 's enterprise reform this year progress faster, but India private enterprise development is always better than China, and under the government support formed the monopoly power, large scale. While the Chinese monopoly often is state-owned enterprises, operating efficiency is poor. " So once to India business opportunities, they go out than the Chinese enterprise to have the vigor." Dr. Liu Xiaoxue says.

Long history of development of India private enterprises produced scope effect. China is not a private enterprise scale to be associated with the India private enterprises such as compared to the Tata group. In the recent national enterprise efficiency ranking, Chinese enterprise before a few are state-owned enterprises, private enterprises in India are basically.

The government of India to allow civilian battalion economy in infrastructure in all areas. Once the private enterprise has formed the scale, its competitive edge will improve a lot. India outstanding software field, private enterprises accounted for the majority, and have formed a certain scale. At this time, the size of the India private enterprises will not let any one chance to make a profit, so we see, more and more India manufacturing industry, processing industry and other low-end industries have come to invest in china. Although the same as cheap labor rich in developing countries, but China's favorable investment environment and better infrastructure deeply attracts the private enterprises in India, in contrast, they have stronger than China enterprises pursue the profit motive. At present, India to China investment company number was far higher than that of China to India's investment ratio. Neusoft Group Chairman and CEO Liu Jiren believes that, in the future the world manufacturing industry, China 's biggest rival is India.

Although the Chinese enterprises have been called" going out", but really go out not. Dr. Liu Xiaoxue explains, this is because the Chinese enterprises going out of power is as big as India. China really has the strength to go out of the state-owned enterprises is the state-owned enterprises, but not private enterprises flexible management, competition is not private enterprises rich experience. For a long time, China 's state-owned enterprises to rely on the government, hoping to get more preferential policies to occupy the domestic market, and not much going out of power; while the Chinese private enterprises in a short span of several decades of development time and is difficult to reach a certain size, strength is not strong enough, go out too little experience. Thus forming a state-owned enterprises do not want to go, on the other hand, the private enterprise also cannot get out of dilemma. At the same time, the number of Chinese enterprises go out, become a major characteristic of single industry, mainly concentrated in the petroleum, chemical industry, energy, manufacturing, service industry is not too much.

The competitive environment is the main reason behind

Dr. Liu Xiaoxue said, competitive environment of lag, is China at the corporate level is always behind the root causes of India. Competitive environment includes factor conditions, related and supporting industry, market demand and competitive strategy of enterprises in four aspects. The world economic forum on CCI rating display, overall, China 's competitive environment than India, in particular the company's maturity and commercial environment quality in two, China and India gap. The Chinese private enterprise development is very adverse.

National development is divided into comparative advantage, competitive advantage stage stage and innovation advantage stage three stages. The two countries are at a comparative advantage stage, which determines the development mainly depends on the competitive environment factors. Factor conditions, China 's labor market and capital market are worse than India. First, China because of registered permanent residence restriction, make labour force flow is not sufficient, but India does not have this problem, labor mobility in China more than adequately; secondly, on the capital market in China, more inclined to the low efficiency of state-owned enterprises, state-owned enterprises every year most of capital flows, which led to the private enterprises to obtain funds difficulties, and India enterprises, state-owned enterprise proportion is lower than in China, the competition of civilian battalion enterprise difficulty is not too large.

Neusoft Group Chairman and CEO Liu Jiren pointed out that China and India are the biggest difference is, China has a huge potential market. Economists who have portrayed Beijing, Shanghai economy with Chinese the most the economy of backward area has 10years or even 20years gap, this shows that the Chinese market is not only of great potential, and duration is very long. To this, Dr. Liu Xiaoxue says, Chinese private enterprises should try to get rid of the reliance on the government, rely on the huge market, looking for more profit point of growth.

China Economic Herald.""

 

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China should learn from India what - from Jagged Network ( Chinese military forum )



Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao visiting India15in New Delhi on China-India business cooperation summit attended said, China and India market space is very vast, the population of up to 2400000000, accounting for2/5 of the world's total population, huge domestic market potential. The two industries have different strengths, India in software, finance, medical services and pharmaceutical technology has advantages, China to the manufacturing and infrastructure Kyo, can mutual exchange of needed products, learn from each other. Both China and India is committed to deepening the reform and opening up, has accumulated a lot of experience and good practice, there are many similar depth second contradiction and problem, the two can be in completely to expand exchanges and cooperation and learn from each other, inspire each other, learn from each other.

Even if China does not recognize" the dragon and the elephant", but for a long time between China and the competition is obviously, the economic development of India is not China30 years of rapid development, but in recent years has been gradually catch up with, and even beyond the great potential. It is the rapid economic growth period, the rise of India rather than China 's rise steadily more practical, not only in international affairs, China has more than long-term vision, especially the political system has a good advantage, difference of the rich and the poor also not Chinese so obvious, social welfare, freedom is better than the Chinese to improve much more. Therefore, China should learn from India, first from the political system to learn.

China has always been ignored so needy neighbor India, because our eyes always look to the west, towards the ocean, only want to learn from developed countries in Europe and America the lessons and experience of development. Just go ahead, hope that the wheel of history all the way residual tiller crushed, proof of this fact is not realistic. As globalization will inevitably bring about local protectionism or the original ecology, local sexual antagonism, democratization process will inevitably encounter traditional autocratic society the cultural practices of resistance mix. In fact, in order to make in our country modernization can really take root, it is back to look at our own tradition, or reference to neighbouring process of social democratization experience time. From culture origin, Taiwan or Singapore is certainly a good reference, but with the Asian country, we are with India culture also is hasten of identity -- for example the family tradition, traditional education from western countries, the body slightly distracted, turned to understand Asian neighbors, perhaps even more insight into our traditional culture or system elements which still play a role in the church, at least we cannot underestimate the tradition and the force of habit. Therefore, the political modernization of India, for we have profound reference.

About India modern course starting point, some scholars believe that began before the independence of the colonial period, some scholars believe that began in the Republic period after independence. But anyway, the process of modernization in India after independence was started in the round, entered a landmark in the new period. Summary of political modernization in India, mainly in the following two aspects.

First of all, is the implementation of the Western parliamentary democracy. This is mainly reflected in the:

First, adult universal suffrage. In the election, India voluntary running on the basis of adult suffrage universal suffrage, composed of India parliamentary democracy foundation. India voters card system, is the world's first implementation of the national voter card system. India retained the constituency system, for the scheduled castes and tribes such as the list of disadvantaged social groups retained position. India held the first presidential election since 1952up to now, already had 50 old electoral experience. In developing countries, India is a long history of conventional universal suffrage, the large size of the one of the few countries. The number of voters, India is the world's largest democracy. India have only nineteen seventies end, have been held in the6 general election, election gradually win support among the people.

In second, the Federal Republic of germany. India has a Federal Republic, a federal system by the central and local state level two power structure. The president is the Federal Republic 's head of state, but not the head of government ( heads of government is the prime minister ), he is a national symbol, representing the country and ruling the country. Since the federal central provincial in local representatives and state leaders, but not the state government ( state head of government is the chief minister ), enjoy a wide range of administrative, legislative and financial power. Many scholars believe that India's federal system is actually a" strong central federalism"," federalism"," with a single color federalism"," centralist federalism".

In third, is the separation of the three powers. India implementation of the western democracy. The legislative, administrative, judicial separation of the three powers, checks and balances. In fourth, India is a multi-party coexist system. India is a typical multi-party democracy, Party of is in the world. According to the Central Election Commission standards division, can be divided into national parties, local parties and registered political parties. According to ideological division, may divide into the Nationalist Party, Communist Party, Social Democratic Party, communalist-oriented parties, anarchism, ecology, human rights party political parties. According to the class attribute partition, can be divided into asset class and landlord class party, workers and peasants party, party, Party of low caste of untouchables. According to the division of political status, can be divided into a ruling party, the opposition, opposition. According to the political division, can be divided into a left radical party, intermediate free party, conservative party.

Secondly, the India parliamentary democracy and is different from the Western parliamentary democracy, reflect some features of Eastern authoritarianism. These characteristics are mainly shown in the India: the so-called" separation of the three powers" in many cases are " three authority syncretic", and even form family" strongman politics". According to the India constitution, legislation, administration of justice, India implements the separation of the three powers, checks and balances, but the highest executive prime minister has great power, forming a family rule" strongman politics". For the first few decades after independence, India government control in the Nehru family. Especially Indira during the reign of Gandhi, centralize power on major issues, three authority syncretic, legislation and enforcement of administrative restriction exists in name only, the destruction of democracy. Exception, though India is a multi-party political system, but the Congress of long-term dominant one-party autocratic, formed" the Congress Party system".

As a result of the Congress Party in his famous leader Mahatma Gandhi and Nehru 's leadership led the people of India to escape colonial yoke gained independence after the independence of India, the Congress party come very naturally become the undisputed ruling party, dominated politics for decades. The Congress party basically won the central government and the state government of India, formed the so-called" one-party dominant political system"," the Congress party system" or" Congress hegemony". The name of India on the implementation of universal suffrage, but is actually half of universal suffrage. Although India has more than 100 years of constitutional history, but because India social poverty, economy is backward, people's cultural quality is extremely low, poor of India especially farmers participating consciousness is dim, voters vote independently ability. For candidate selection is often based on religion, caste considerations, to highlight the phenomenon of group voting, voters tend to be sectarian, localist utilization. Some voters out of a movie star worship vote, vote the randomness and blindness of considerable.

From the above to the political modernization of India characteristics of the study, we can see that the civilization of India 's biggest characteristic is its inclusive -- both inclusive of modern civilization, but also include traditional culture. India actively absorbs all of the world's advanced culture, and and, enrich and develop their own traditional culture. India cultural identity in the performance of the cultural traditions and respect for cultural and traditional value and insist on. The traditional culture of India is to the Hindu culture, religious life in Indian spiritual life occupies the central position is always one of the traditional culture of India. No Hindu inclusive, India cultural capacity will be greatly reduced. The Hindu inclusive constitute India culturally inclusive foundation, and the India culture presents dazzling variety characteristic. While the Hindu inclusive and root on the India cultural identity, namely the root on the Indians on their cultural traditions persist. Therefore, India cultural inclusive characteristics is its diversity and identity of closely linked, their common root is the traditional hindu.

Therefore, supporting a national smooth development, not economic, not what the international status of those with no reality whatever" face job", but a good political system, have a good system must be able to promote the health of the market economy, safeguard the legitimate rights of the citizens, dream to be a superpower is also point the day and await for it.