China Economy: News & Discussion

[ym888]

Economic Watch: Airbus breaks ground on second China final assembly line
Source: Xinhua
Editor: huaxia
2023-09-28 17:44:45
TIANJIN, Sept. 28 (Xinhua) -- Airbus on Thursday broke ground on its second final assembly line in China as the European aircraft manufacturer seeks expansion in the Chinese market.
The groundbreaking in north China's Tianjin Municipality marks another milestone after Airbus signed an agreement on the project with Tianjin Free Trade Zone Investment Company Ltd. and Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Ltd. in April 2023.
The expansion project is planned to enter into service at the end of 2025, Airbus said in a statement. It will be able to manufacture both A320 and A321neo aircraft, the newest single-aisle aircraft of Airbus, to meet surging demand.
The second final assembly line (FAL) at Airbus' Tianjin site is part of Airbus' overall production expansion plan for the A320 family. It aims to produce 75 aircraft per month in 2026, facilitated by the operation of ten global FALs, which include two in Tianjin, two in Toulouse, France, two in Mobile, United States, and four in Hamburg, Germany, according to the statement.
The expansion project showcases Airbus' long-term commitment to the Chinese aviation industry.
This is a powerful vote of confidence in the future of aviation here in China, Airbus CEO Guillaume Faury said via video link, adding that it also underlines Airbus' long, trustful and successful relationship with partners in China.
The domestic and international traffic in China, home to some of the world's leading airlines, is set for rapid and long-term growth, Faury added.
"This year marks the 15th anniversary of the inauguration of Tianjin FAL, with over 630 single-aisle aircraft assembled and delivered. This means roughly 30 percent of the Airbus planes flying in China have been assembled here," said George Xu, Airbus executive vice president (EVP) and Airbus China CEO.
Airbus Final Assembly Line Asia in Tianjin, inaugurated in September 2008, is its first final assembly line located outside Europe.
The expansion project demonstrates that Airbus is continuing to invest in its facilities in Tianjin to better serve the Chinese market through its global production system, Xu said.
"For 15 years our Final Assembly Line in Tianjin has been key to our global industrial strategy to assemble aircraft close to our customers and to partner with China's aviation sector for a thriving industry," said Julie Kitcher, Airbus EVP Communications and Corporate Affairs.
As a major Sino-European strategic cooperation project, the Airbus Tianjin project is setting up an important platform for bilateral pragmatic cooperation, joint development and mutually beneficial outcomes in the aviation sector, said Hao Zhaoping, president of Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Ltd.
It will also play an important role in stabilizing the global aviation industrial chain and boosting the recovery of the global aviation market, Hao said.
Li Chunlin, deputy head of the National Development and Reform Commission, said the commission will support Airbus in working with Chinese partners to expand cooperation in the future while giving full play to their respective strengths.
"The COVID pandemic is now behind us. The future of aviation is bright. And we are writing a new chapter of it here in Tianjin," Faury said. ■

 

[MiG-29SMT]

Russia has been sanctioned by the West and is no longer fit to be a partner.



The c929 will have Western parts as well as Russian parts.





On September 28, the foundation stone of the C929 aircraft System Integrated test Laboratory of Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute of COMAC was officially laid

The laboratory will undertake virtual and physical integrated testing tasks such as mechanical, electrical, electronic and flight quality of the whole aircraft of the C929 project, and undertake integration testing tasks of avionics, flight control, hydraulic, landing gear and electrical systems, to meet the development needs of the whole life cycle of C929 aircraft technology research, research and design, airworthiness certification and operation. It is the key support and important guarantee for the success of C929 project.

View attachment 224266

that is a good excuse for those who do not read

The pd-8 has made the SSJ-100 a Russified aircraft, same is for the MS-21`s PD-14.

Question why not make a Russified CR-929?

The answer is simple

China and Russia do not share the same goals.

In fact it i common that projects are sometimes broken it happened to the French-British Panavia Tornado type early project, IL-86 polish manufacture, or Eurofighter program when France decided to abandon the program.

 

[ym888]

C929 new development



The Civil Aviation East China Bureau revealed that on September 20, Yu Cangjian, deputy director of the Shandong Supervision Bureau, led a team of airport inspectors to Dongying Airport to check the readiness of the double section, and conducted research on the support capability of the C929 test site. At the symposium, the inspection team listened to the preparation of the "double section" operation support of Dongying Airport, the prevention of bird strikes and the operation evaluation report of C929 at Dongying Airport.



Earlier, at the plenary meeting of the main forum of the Pujiang Innovation Forum in 2023, He Dongfeng, chairman of COMAC, confidently introduced the development of China's large aircraft and announced a new long-range wide-body model name - C929 for the first time. The C929, which is in the preliminary design stage, will have a range of 12,000 kilometers and cover a seating class of 250-350 seats, He said. 【 Related: 】



At present, Dongying Airport is a 4D regional airport. In 2016, in order to meet the test flight requirements of domestic civil aircraft such as C919 and C929, the Dongying Municipal government invested 330 million yuan to start the runway extension project of Shengli Airport, mainly extending the original 2,800 meters runway to the south to 3,600 meters. The auxiliary facilities such as communications, lighting and meteorology will be reformed. Comac also has a test flight base at Dongying Airport, where it has conducted a number of C919 test flights.

 

[ym888]

China Youth Daily client Shanghai, September 28 (China Youth Daily reporter Wang Yejie) at 9:28 this morning, the G7799 train set out from Changzhou Wujin Station, along the Shanghai-Nanjing high-speed railway along the Yangtze River to Shanghai Hongqiao Station. This marks the official opening of the Shanghai-Nanjing high-speed railway along the Yangtze River, the formation of the second intercity high-speed railway between Shanghai and Nanjing, and the further encryption of the Yangtze River Delta railway network.




The Shanghai-Nanjing high-speed Railway along the Yangtze River is the backbone of the intercity rail transit network in the Yangtze River Delta region. It starts from Nanjing South Railway Station, passes through Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou in Jiangsu Province, joins the Shanghai-Sutong Railway at Taicang Station and connects to the Shanghai Railway hub. The line is 279 km long and has a design speed of 350 km/h. There are 8 stations in Nanjing South, Jurong, Jintan, Wujin, Jiangyin, Zhangjiagang, Changshu and Taicang, among which Jurong, Jintan, Wujin and Jiangyin are newly built stations.




It is worth mentioning that the construction of the Shanghai-Nanjing high-speed railway along the Yangtze River took quite a lot of trouble. Construction of the line began in October 2018, during which it will also pass through the Yangshan Tunnel. During the construction process, in order to overcome multiple difficulties such as surrounding rock breakage and cave-in, the 24th Bureau of China Railway, in accordance with the idea of "Internet + railway project construction", used information means to carry out in-depth control of quality, safety, schedule, cost, resource allocation, environmental water protection and other work, and equipped professional sewage purification, dust removal spray, noise monitoring and other monitoring systems. With innovation, ingenuity to protect the "green mountains", to ensure that the target of each node to achieve as scheduled.

It is reported that the Shanghai-Nanjing high-speed railway along the river is the fourth railway channel between Shanghai and Nanjing after the Beijing-Shanghai Railway, Shanghai-Nanjing Intercity Railway and Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway were opened to traffic, and it is also the second intercity railway between Shanghai and Nanjing. The opening and operation of this high-speed railway further encrypts the Yangtze River Delta intercity rail transit network, greatly facilitates the travel of people along the line, and is of great significance to the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta.

 

[MiG-29SMT]

C929 new development



The Civil Aviation East China Bureau revealed that on September 20, Yu Cangjian, deputy director of the Shandong Supervision Bureau, led a team of airport inspectors to Dongying Airport to check the readiness of the double section, and conducted research on the support capability of the C929 test site. At the symposium, the inspection team listened to the preparation of the "double section" operation support of Dongying Airport, the prevention of bird strikes and the operation evaluation report of C929 at Dongying Airport.



Earlier, at the plenary meeting of the main forum of the Pujiang Innovation Forum in 2023, He Dongfeng, chairman of COMAC, confidently introduced the development of China's large aircraft and announced a new long-range wide-body model name - C929 for the first time. The C929, which is in the preliminary design stage, will have a range of 12,000 kilometers and cover a seating class of 250-350 seats, He said. 【 Related: 】



At present, Dongying Airport is a 4D regional airport. In 2016, in order to meet the test flight requirements of domestic civil aircraft such as C919 and C929, the Dongying Municipal government invested 330 million yuan to start the runway extension project of Shengli Airport, mainly extending the original 2,800 meters runway to the south to 3,600 meters. The auxiliary facilities such as communications, lighting and meteorology will be reformed. Comac also has a test flight base at Dongying Airport, where it has conducted a number of C919 test flights.

dreams dreams

Il-96 number built 30

unsuccesful project

L-1011 number built 250

Never recovered R&D cost forced Lockheed out of the civilian aviation sector

Convair 880

never recovered R&D cost


Continue dreaming the Chinese C929 very likely will struggle to be successful, why? simple with A-350s and B787 in the market and newer single aisle A-321XLR of long range and B-777 in the ultra long range nich and COMAC buying aircraft to it self and an economy faltering in 5% or less grow, it will be hard hard to succeed.


A more logic way is first concentrate on C919 and retire the crap of ARJ-21, but ambition will break the sack

 

[Azaad]

That should tell something about Evergrande and the other developers. Their collapse is not an existential threat to China's economy unlike Lehman Brothers was to the US

If it were, China would be bailing them out. But they are not and China also wants money that went into real estate speculation to be redirected to new economy drivers like EVs and semiconductors.

These are the world's IPOs in 2023. Half of the money raised globally are poured into companies in China View attachment 224006

Real estate is also allowed to collapse to bring home prices lower so young people could afford them.

Real estate is also allowed to collapse so as to make it affordable to the young , apparently which raises the question why was it allowed to be so high in the first place by the CCP ?

The CCP was busy making their packet weren't they before everything collapsed .

 

[ym888]

[

dreams dreams

View attachment 224417

Il-96 number built 30

unsuccesful project
View attachment 224418

L-1011 number built 250

Never recovered R&D cost forced Lockheed out of the civilian aviation sector

View attachment 224419

Convair 880

never recovered R&D cost


Continue dreaming the Chinese C929 very likely will struggle to be successful, why? simple with A-350s and B787 in the market and newer single aisle A-321XLR of long range and B-777 in the ultra long range nich and COMAC buying aircraft to it self and an economy faltering in 5% or less grow, it will be hard hard to succeed.


A more logic way is first concentrate on C919 and retire the crap of ARJ-21, but ambition will break the sack

For the Chinese civil aviation market by 2042, Boeing forecasts that in addition to single-aisle aircraft, China's civil aviation industry will need 1,550 wide-body aircraft to support the growing international route network. Continued growth in e-commerce and express delivery will drive demand for 190 new production freighters.

--------------

I don't know if Boeing's prediction is accurate



However, there is no problem in selling 500 C929s in China

 

[ym888]

China's int'l trade in goods, services tops 4 trln yuan in August
Source: Xinhua
Editor: huaxia
2023-09-28 22:50:16

This aerial photo taken on Sept. 7, 2023 shows a view of Xi'an International Port in Xi'an, northwest China's Shaanxi Province.(Xinhua/Shao Rui)
BEIJING, Sept. 28 (Xinhua) -- China's international trade in goods and services totaled 4.02 trillion yuan, or 559.9 billion U.S. dollars, in August 2023, official data showed Thursday.
Exports of goods came in at 1.93 trillion yuan and imports hit 1.54 trillion yuan, resulting in a surplus of 384.6 billion yuan, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange said.
Services exports totaled 187.1 billion yuan last month, while services imports hit 357.5 billion yuan, resulting in a trade deficit of 170.5 billion yuan, according to the administration. ■

 

[MiG-29SMT]

[



For the Chinese civil aviation market by 2042, Boeing forecasts that in addition to single-aisle aircraft, China's civil aviation industry will need 1,550 wide-body aircraft to support the growing international route network. Continued growth in e-commerce and express delivery will drive demand for 190 new production freighters.

--------------

I don't know if Boeing's prediction is accurate



However, there is no problem in selling 500 C929s in China

you still do not see the point.

Military aircraft are different to commercial aircraft.

If J-20 is good is base upon war fighting and deterrance, the sole customer makes propaganda and buys it upon thought capabilities that are only proven in war situations.

Civil aircraft are different they need safety and price.
C-929 can not be purchased upon the desire of the Chinese government upon buying something national, why?

Simple civil aircraft are for export mainly, Il-96 is an excellent aircraft but compared to B-777 is obsolete in range and fuel savings.

Add Rusian civil aircraft do not have the logistics needed to service aircraft operating overseas as well as Boeing and Airbus do.

C929 by competing with Russian airliners simply moved russia away.

Foreign airliners need aircraft making money they do not care if its domestic or national here is safety and price.

will none chinese airliner buy C929? the reality depends in the market and aircraft available but by 2030 B787 and B-777 will have the experience Comac does not have and believe accidents doom aircraft

once concorde started to have accidents it was retired

same was DC-10

or Tu-144 or B-737 Max

No safety or cheap tickets no sales

 

[MiG-29SMT]

[



For the Chinese civil aviation market by 2042, Boeing forecasts that in addition to single-aisle aircraft, China's civil aviation industry will need 1,550 wide-body aircraft to support the growing international route network. Continued growth in e-commerce and express delivery will drive demand for 190 new production freighters.

--------------

I don't know if Boeing's prediction is accurate



However, there is no problem in selling 500 C929s in China

see a Chinese EV exploding tell me how you are going to assure customers of airliners there is safety in Chinese aircraft C929?

Only way to get western Subsystem which are proven, for such a reason C919 flies with western technogy which has more than 100 years of experience, China ha no experience in large aircraft sorry but it is not like making scooters and by the ways many chinese products have bad quality


see how 2 accidents made trouble to B-737 max

 

[ym888]

View attachment 224481

see a Chinese EV exploding tell me how you are going to assure customers of airliners there is safety in Chinese aircraft C929?

Only way to get western Subsystem which are proven, for such a reason C919 flies with western technogy which has more than 100 years of experience, China ha no experience in large aircraft sorry but it is not like making scooters and by the ways many chinese products have bad quality


see how 2 accidents made trouble to B-737 max

So China made the c929 not because it was easy, but because it was hard

 

[ym888]

you still do not see the point.

Military aircraft are different to commercial aircraft.

If J-20 is good is base upon war fighting and deterrance, the sole customer makes propaganda and buys it upon thought capabilities that are only proven in war situations.

Civil aircraft are different they need safety and price.
C-929 can not be purchased upon the desire of the Chinese government upon buying something national, why?

Simple civil aircraft are for export mainly, Il-96 is an excellent aircraft but compared to B-777 is obsolete in range and fuel savings.

Add Rusian civil aircraft do not have the logistics needed to service aircraft operating overseas as well as Boeing and Airbus do.

C929 by competing with Russian airliners simply moved russia away.

Foreign airliners need aircraft making money they do not care if its domestic or national here is safety and price.

will none chinese airliner buy C929? the reality depends in the market and aircraft available but by 2030 B787 and B-777 will have the experience Comac does not have and believe accidents doom aircraft

View attachment 224475

once concorde started to have accidents it was retired

View attachment 224476

same was DC-10
View attachment 224480
or Tu-144 or B-737 Max

View attachment 224478

No safety or cheap tickets no sales

When you heard that China was going to build the c919, What are you thinking？

 

[ym888]

JDI and HKC Divorce on Next-Gen Displays But Marry on Automotive Displays
September 29, 2023
By Emory Kale

Japan Display (JDI) made an announcement in Tokyo today that it has terminated discussions with China’s HKC regarding cooperation on next-generation display technology. Instead, the collaboration will now focus solely on high-end automotive displays.
The negotiations, which commenced in April, had the objective of establishing display manufacturing facilities in China, using JDI’s eLeap OLED technology, with mass production slated to commence in 2025. The deadline for reaching an agreement was initially postponed from June to September.
According to Reuters, which first reported the story, the impasse arose from disagreements between the two companies regarding the licensing fee that HKC was expected to pay for JDI’s technology. Additionally, the talks were likely impacted by China’s economic slowdown and HKC’s recent decision to withdraw its IPO on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, as reported by the Nikkei business daily.
In another development, JDI revealed that it has entered into a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the local government in China’s eastern Anhui province to construct display panels in the region. The company aims to finalize this agreement by the end of the year.
The MOU for JDI G6/G8.7 eLeap Project in China
JDI provided more details of its intentions in China by saying that it has been actively working to create a global display ecosystem, starting with eLeap mass production at its Mobara, Japan G6 fab in 2024, expected to produce 1.3K sheets per month. To meet JDI’s expectations for customer demand it has decided to embark on the Wuhu eLeap project, which involves the rapid expansion of production capacity through an MOU with the Wuhu Economic and Technological Development Zone (WEDZ) located in Anhui Province, China. The finalization of this agreement is contingent on obtaining approvals from relevant authorities, and both parties aim to complete this process by the end of December 2023.
Upon finalizing the agreement, the two entities plan to establish an operating company known as Wuhu eLeapco immediately. Wuhu eLeapco will play a crucial role in the project’s execution.
The Wuhu eLeapco has ambitious plans for the project, including the construction of two primary facilities:

• A G6 fab with a monthly production capacity of 10,000 sheets.
• A G8.7 fab with a monthly production capacity of 30,000 sheets, with G8.7 sheets being more than twice the size of G6 sheets.

This expansion is expected to increase JDI’s eLeap production capacity by more than 50 times. The G6 fab is scheduled to commence mass production in November 2025, while mass production for the G8.7 fab is set to begin in December 2026.
Specific financial details, such as the total investment and shareholding ratios, are currently undisclosed due to a confidentiality agreement between WEDZ and JDI. However, these details will be disclosed once the final agreement is signed according to JDI.

 

[SexyChineseLady]

Japanese cartoon on international trade in the coming years

 

[vin bharat mahan]

True. China invented gunpowder and paper.

West used gunpowder to conquer India and Africa and still control the world through its paper money. They had local production of gunpowder and paper.

The Iroqois, Mohawks, Sioux, Dakotas and Apaches were genocided by the white man with guns. If they had mastered the making of guns, they would survive but according to the Indians in this forum that would be copying and they should just let the white man kill them off

Master the production -- and then turn the tables:
View attachment 224062

u dont know history...neither ur china, neither india. british came in india in 1600, but only after 1757 they get oppertunity to rule, due to many incidents. they didnt get india, only by power. even indian kings hv gunpowder nd canons before british came. british hv advantages of modern guns, canon etc..not gunpowder. they r not using different kind of gunpowder, which indian was also using. yes gunpowder nd paper is important invention. but u r using it in wrong place (i mean india conquest). where it hv small role. paper money isnt only paper. a whole economy nd bank etc involve in it. before paper money, there were coins of different material (gold, silver, copper etc). they also did same thing.

 

[vin bharat mahan]

True. China invented gunpowder and paper.

West used gunpowder to conquer India and Africa and still control the world through its paper money. They had local production of gunpowder and paper.

The Iroqois, Mohawks, Sioux, Dakotas and Apaches were genocided by the white man with guns. If they had mastered the making of guns, they would survive but according to the Indians in this forum that would be copying and they should just let the white man kill them off

Master the production -- and then turn the tables:
View attachment 224062

do u know indian invented ink??? without ink, u r only using pencil or coal in ur paper. that not remain long lasting. so thank india again, for complete ur invention...

 

[vin bharat mahan]

True. China invented gunpowder and paper.

West used gunpowder to conquer India and Africa and still control the world through its paper money. They had local production of gunpowder and paper.

The Iroqois, Mohawks, Sioux, Dakotas and Apaches were genocided by the white man with guns. If they had mastered the making of guns, they would survive but according to the Indians in this forum that would be copying and they should just let the white man kill them off

Master the production -- and then turn the tables:
View attachment 224062

this claim that chinese invent gunpowder is also very wrong....indian used gunpowder from 300 BC in crackers etc, meanwhile chinese were using gunpowder near 900 AD approx.

India’s 2300-Year-Old History Of Diwali Fireworks, Explained

As Indian states ranging from Delhi to West Bengal have imposed bans on firecrackers this year, the reactions have been mixed. Many people are furious that their rights have been taken away, while some others

thedailyswitch.com

 

[vin bharat mahan]

True. China invented gunpowder and paper.

West used gunpowder to conquer India and Africa and still control the world through its paper money. They had local production of gunpowder and paper.

The Iroqois, Mohawks, Sioux, Dakotas and Apaches were genocided by the white man with guns. If they had mastered the making of guns, they would survive but according to the Indians in this forum that would be copying and they should just let the white man kill them off

Master the production -- and then turn the tables:
View attachment 224062

meanwhile chinese claim of discovering gunpowder was near 900 AD. chinese claiming indian thing isnt new. they even try to claim buddhism born in china.

Gunpowder | Facts, History, & Definition

Gunpowder, any of several low-explosive mixtures used as propelling charges in guns and as blasting agents. The first such explosive was black powder—a mixture of saltpeter (potassium nitrate), sulfur, and charcoal—which is thought to have originated in China, where it was being used in...

www.britannica.com

 

[MiG-29SMT]

So China made the c929 not because it was easy, but because it was hard

It is not that simple you use jingoism and girl power logic.


Aircraft are technologically feasible, to any country willing to spend money.

The problem always is sales, why? simple sales make economically viable any project.

Larger the aircraft, more expensive and more research and development needed.

Il-76 for example is a good example, its new wings and engines made it updated despite it is a 1970s design.

Why? price.

Technology is achieveable, however most aircraft are low wing, so C919 is low wing and Y-20 is high wing one is an airliner the other a cargo plane why?


In either design choice for the landing gear, the high wing aircraft will have more “stuff” hanging from the aircraft when compared with the low wing aircraft. Should the high wing aircraft also require a strut to strengthen the wing, it becomes obvious that the high wing aircraft creates more profile and interference drag compared to the low wing aircraft.

The lower drag profile of the low wing aircraft yields greater cruise performance relative to the high wing design; the result is higher true airspeeds and or lower cruise fuel burns.

High Wing vs. Low Wing Aircraft (Pros, Cons, and Key Differences) | AirplaneAcademy.com

The distinctions between high and low wing airplanes are, visually, obvious. High wing aircraft place the wing above the fuselage, the main body of the…

airplaneacademy.com

looking at the landing fuselage fairings of Y-20 and C919 you can see the extra drag of Y-20 landing gear.

An airliner needs fuel savings, thus Il-76 or Y-20 are not designed to be ultra efficient as an airliner like Ms-21 or C919.

C929 will need efficiency otherwise it will not compete

 

[omaebakabaka]

It is not that simple you use jingoism and girl power logic.


Aircraft are technologically feasible, to any country willing to spend money.

The problem always is sales, why? simple sales make economically viable any project.

Larger the aircraft, more expensive and more research and development needed.


View attachment 224519

Il-76 for example is a good example, its new wings and engines made it updated despite it is a 1970s design.

Why? price.

Technology is achieveable, however most aircraft are low wing, so C919 is low wing and Y-20 is high wing one is an airliner the other a cargo plane why?


In either design choice for the landing gear, the high wing aircraft will have more “stuff” hanging from the aircraft when compared with the low wing aircraft. Should the high wing aircraft also require a strut to strengthen the wing, it becomes obvious that the high wing aircraft creates more profile and interference drag compared to the low wing aircraft.

The lower drag profile of the low wing aircraft yields greater cruise performance relative to the high wing design; the result is higher true airspeeds and or lower cruise fuel burns.

High Wing vs. Low Wing Aircraft (Pros, Cons, and Key Differences) | AirplaneAcademy.com

The distinctions between high and low wing airplanes are, visually, obvious. High wing aircraft place the wing above the fuselage, the main body of the…

airplaneacademy.com

View attachment 224520

View attachment 224521

looking at the landing fuselage fairings of Y-20 and C919 you can see the extra drag of Y-20 landing gear.

An airliner needs fuel savings, thus Il-76 or Y-20 are not designed to be ultra efficient as an airliner like Ms-21 or C919.

C929 will need efficiency otherwise it will not compete

What you are saying makes sense but we are living in times where economics is going to take somewhat of a backseat meaning research costs, fuel efficiency and engine longevity and so on ofcourse safety not compromised if a country can afford it and has human talent to realize these things especially in the areas of civilian aircrafts, engines both aircraft, maritime and others, semi conductors and medical related stuff due to the simple reason of achieving economic soverignity. Alternative is modern victim of western colonialism. This is true for India, China and Russia....later two are ahead of India but India will also focus in the next couple of decades with its economy catching up and moving beyond social bigotry and nonsense