Aryan Invasion Hypothesis

asaffronladoftherisingsun

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Contribution of cognates reconstructed for FRAUD pie by language group. Bhartiya tops the list :

Always remember pie is a fraud language. Cooked up horse shit. Its like saying you have a salad. You first make a salad out of cucumber tomatoes and carrots and then you claim that this salad is original and from this salad we get cucumbers tomatoes and carrots. In the same way they use modern languages and then they make this fucktarded claim that no pie is mother of all languages. Infact pie uses 90% Sanskrit words for reconstruction. Infact Bhartiya languages contribution is still 70 %.

kek.png


Source: Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Uralic and Nostratic: A brief excursus into the comparative study of proto-languages by J.P. Mallory, from the book Tracing the Indo-Europeans: New evidence from archaeology and historical linguistics (p.36).
 

Haldilal

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Ya'll Nibbiars Here is what even AIT Supportsre is not revealing. The IVC cline samples are not representative of all the Harappan Civilization people. Barring the low coverage Rakhigarhi sample, all the other 11 samples are not from IVC.8 of these are from Shahr I Sokhta , Helmand. Civilization in Eastern Iran where they make up half of the total samples
3 of them are from Gonur in Turkmenistan, a major site of BMAC. Now here is the point - Shahr I Sokhta was majorly influenced in its formation by migrants from the Baluchistan Chalcolithic tradition - the Nal pottery tradition, which is part of Amri-Nal early Harappan phase of Baluchistan-Sindh-North Gujarat. This Baluchistani influence in Shahr I Sokhta began right from its beginning around 3200 BC, with some of the earlier Indus Periphery or IVC cline samples from Shahr I Sokhta dating from that period too. This is centuries before the mature Harappan influence reached Baluchistan.herefore the IVC cline or Indus Periphery samples from Shahr I Sokhta mostly likely came there from Baluchistan-Sindh region and reflect the genetic ancestry of people of those regions during the Early to Mature Harappan period.But it cannot be assumed that this same ancestry profile was also prevalent further North & East into the Punjab-Rajasthan-Haryana region which were right into the heart of Harappan territory. One poor coverage sample from Rakhigarhi - a cosmopolitan site - notwithstanding. Even the 3 Indus Periphery samples from Gonur in BMAC could have likely reached there from Eastern Iran where cultures like Helmand & Jiroft existed - in close cultural contact with the western region of IVC. Shahr I Sokhta is the main site of the Helmand civilization. The Helmand and Jiroft cultures are considered to have played a major role, including migration, in the formation of the BMAC. So, looking at the archaeological context, it is presumptuous to assume that the Indus Periphery samples can be used to represent all IVC people.They are from the W-SW regions of the IVC, but the dominant cultural influence on the IVC was from the Kot Diji-Sotho Siswal tradition of Punjab-Haryana, from where we dont have any sample save the poor coverage Rakhigarhi one.Correction - Sothi-Siswal tradition. It is reasonable that rather than the western Harappans, it were people from the core Harappan territories of Punjab-Haryana which genetically influenced modern Indians. We need 10-15 samples from this region before proving this hipster larp. Let us not forget, the highest so-called steppy ancestry is found not in Brahmins but in the Jats of Haryana-Western UP, core regions of IVC but also right in the heart of Vedic Brahmavarta.
 

asaffronladoftherisingsun

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Ya'll Nibbiars Here is what even AIT Supportsre is not revealing. The IVC cline samples are not representative of all the Harappan Civilization people. Barring the low coverage Rakhigarhi sample, all the other 11 samples are not from IVC.8 of these are from Shahr I Sokhta , Helmand. Civilization in Eastern Iran where they make up half of the total samples
3 of them are from Gonur in Turkmenistan, a major site of BMAC. Now here is the point - Shahr I Sokhta was majorly influenced in its formation by migrants from the Baluchistan Chalcolithic tradition - the Nal pottery tradition, which is part of Amri-Nal early Harappan phase of Baluchistan-Sindh-North Gujarat. This Baluchistani influence in Shahr I Sokhta began right from its beginning around 3200 BC, with some of the earlier Indus Periphery or IVC cline samples from Shahr I Sokhta dating from that period too. This is centuries before the mature Harappan influence reached Baluchistan.herefore the IVC cline or Indus Periphery samples from Shahr I Sokhta mostly likely came there from Baluchistan-Sindh region and reflect the genetic ancestry of people of those regions during the Early to Mature Harappan period.But it cannot be assumed that this same ancestry profile was also prevalent further North & East into the Punjab-Rajasthan-Haryana region which were right into the heart of Harappan territory. One poor coverage sample from Rakhigarhi - a cosmopolitan site - notwithstanding. Even the 3 Indus Periphery samples from Gonur in BMAC could have likely reached there from Eastern Iran where cultures like Helmand & Jiroft existed - in close cultural contact with the western region of IVC. Shahr I Sokhta is the main site of the Helmand civilization. The Helmand and Jiroft cultures are considered to have played a major role, including migration, in the formation of the BMAC. So, looking at the archaeological context, it is presumptuous to assume that the Indus Periphery samples can be used to represent all IVC people.They are from the W-SW regions of the IVC, but the dominant cultural influence on the IVC was from the Kot Diji-Sotho Siswal tradition of Punjab-Haryana, from where we dont have any sample save the poor coverage Rakhigarhi one.Correction - Sothi-Siswal tradition. It is reasonable that rather than the western Harappans, it were people from the core Harappan territories of Punjab-Haryana which genetically influenced modern Indians. We need 10-15 samples from this region before proving this hipster larp. Let us not forget, the highest so-called steppy ancestry is found not in Brahmins but in the Jats of Haryana-Western UP, core regions of IVC but also right in the heart of Vedic Brahmavarta.
Much has been spoken about the R1a1 with regards to the aitfags. Vermins love to twist facts about R1a using disputed and inconclusive scientific studies to their advantage. One has to go and read these difficult hippy semi literate texts to see through their deception. I am listing some undisputed facts about the R1a they are :
  1. Bengali Brahmins got 72%
  2. Manipuris got 50%
  3. Nepalis got 69%
  4. Iyengers got 31%
  5. Sinhalese got 23%
  6. Maldivians got 24%
The 6 groups listed above are quite far from the north western parts of BHARAT, hence there is no chance (not even the slightest) these groups would show such high numbers for R1a1 if this gene traveled to Bharat from its north-west. So there is no way R1a1 came from outside to Bharat .With a Bengali origin of R1a1, its not native to Rakhigarhi anyway.A female rakhigarhi sample doesnt prove shit .aDNA was extracted from 60 skeletons but only one skeleton was used which is enough if you have a lot of data. The first finding was that the Rakhigarhi people were indigenous with tribal admixture and had no input from Central Asia or Iran . People should really visit the Rakhigarhi civilization. It is very technologically advanced, the brick measurements are very precise (within a millimeter) and precious gemstones have been found and its all indigenous. Advanced metallurgical work has also been found. They knew agriculture. We found rice, millet. Our (genetic) findings prove that agriculture was indigenous to the region because we did not find any mixing with Iranian farmers contrary to what ait cucks have been teaching that agriculture came here from Iran (It has been well established in other researches too). We had contemporaneous from data from Gonur (Turkmenistan) and Shar-i Sokta (Iran). The 20% people there that were till now considered as outliers at these sites have now been matched with Rakhigarhi indicating that those people went there from Saraswati Civilization . This is also a 100% percent full proof finding . On the other hand aitfags larp that a gene called R1a which is found in 40% of Indians had come from outside. But that is not logical because they had sampled only around 50 out of a population of 1.3 billion. Where the fuck is sense of proportion here . Now our own geneticists ( who are also "CHOSEN OWNERS" with Neeraj Rai ji and Vasant Shindey ji as head of geneticists and archaeology respectively in rakhigarhi cell paper - remember 50 % authors of cell paper are HINDUS ) have sampled 10,000 people from 500 communities (vagheesh dhimmi and david cuck dont matter). Genetics has a rule that the origin of a haplogroup is supposed to be where it is most diverse. The genetic diversity of R1a is 60% more than that in eurofags. Not to mention , BHARAT is genetically most diverse only next to africa.
 
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Peter

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Much has been spoken about the R1a1 with regards to the aitfags. Vermins love to twist facts about R1a using disputed and inconclusive scientific studies to their advantage. One has to go and read these difficult hippy semi literate texts to see through their deception. I am listing some undisputed facts about the R1a they are :
  1. Bengali Brahmins got 72%
  2. Manipuris got 50%
  3. Nepalis got 69%
  4. Iyengers got 31%
  5. Sinhalese got 23%
  6. Maldivians got 24%
The 6 groups listed above are quite far from the north western parts of BHARAT, hence there is no chance (not even the slightest) these groups would show such high numbers for R1a1 if this gene traveled to Bharat from its north-west. So there is no way R1a1 came from outside to Bharat .With a Bengali origin of R1a1, its not native to Rakhigarhi anyway.A female rakhigarhi sample doesnt prove shit .aDNA was extracted from 60 skeletons but only one skeleton was used which is enough if you have a lot of data. The first finding was that the Rakhigarhi people were indigenous with tribal admixture and had no input from Central Asia or Iran . People should really visit the Rakhigarhi civilization. It is very technologically advanced, the brick measurements are very precise (within a millimeter) and precious gemstones have been found and its all indigenous. Advanced metallurgical work has also been found. They knew agriculture. We found rice, millet. Our (genetic) findings prove that agriculture was indigenous to the region because we did not find any mixing with Iranian farmers contrary to what ait cucks have been teaching that agriculture came here from Iran (It has been well established in other researches too). We had contemporaneous from data from Gonur (Turkmenistan) and Shar-i Sokta (Iran). The 20% people there that were till now considered as outliers at these sites have now been matched with Rakhigarhi indicating that those people went there from Saraswati Civilization . This is also a 100% percent full proof finding . On the other hand aitfags larp that a gene called R1a which is found in 40% of Indians had come from outside. But that is not logical because they had sampled only around 50 out of a population of 1.3 billion. Where the fuck is sense of proportion here . Now our own geneticists ( who are also "CHOSEN OWNERS" with Neeraj Rai ji and Vasant Shindey ji as head of geneticists and archaeology respectively in rakhigarhi cell paper - remember 50 % authors of cell paper are HINDUS ) have sampled 10,000 people from 500 communities (vagheesh dhimmi and david cuck dont matter). Genetics has a rule that the origin of a haplogroup is supposed to be where it is most diverse. The genetic diversity of R1a is 60% more than that in eurofags. Not to mention , BHARAT is genetically most diverse only next to africa.
Some points to remember is that majority of Bengali Brahmins (atleast Rarhi Brahmins) were not indigenous to Bengal but came from Northern India during the Hindu Sena dynasty which supplanted the Buddhist Pala dynasty of Bengal. Bengal had a lack of Brahmins and thus Ballal/Lakhsmana Sen had to invite Brahmins from North India to carry out the religious and civil duties of his state.



As for Sinhalese people they actually have a linkage to Bengalis as it was a Bengali prince who invaded and conquered Sinhala and became the progenitor of that race. Sinhalese language is extremely similar to Bengali with obvious influences from Tamil.

 

Maharaj samudragupt

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Massive migrations from Steppes to Bronze Age India was indeed a myth. We have gathered Ancient DNA evidence now. The findings will be out next year. Thanks to the great efforts of scientists from India, USA, UK and others. Warm Greetings for upcoming 2021!

Mujhko pyara marwadi ghoda indian nikLa , iam happy very happy.
Koi arab turki akal teke Mongolian kuch nai.
Kewal marwar ka marwadi
 

asaffronladoftherisingsun

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Some points to remember is that majority of Bengali Brahmins (atleast Rarhi Brahmins) were not indigenous to Bengal but came from Northern India during the Hindu Sena dynasty which supplanted the Buddhist Pala dynasty of Bengal. Bengal had a lack of Brahmins and thus Ballal/Lakhsmana Sen had to invite Brahmins from North India to carry out the religious and civil duties of his state.



As for Sinhalese people they actually have a linkage to Bengalis as it was a Bengali prince who invaded and conquered Sinhala and became the progenitor of that race. Sinhalese language is extremely similar to Bengali with obvious influences from Tamil.

Sir,
The fact is that they all belonged to the Bhartiya branch Z93 which originiated in Bharat.
This research paper has concluded that the R1a1 found in Punjab is the oldest while the eurofags haplotype is comparatively very young. It is important to note the age of different population groups . The study has concluded that central/eastern eurofag is 12.5k years old while Northern Population is 6.9K years old. And the Punjabi/North Bhartiya Population is at least 15.5k years old.Had there been a slightest amount of truth in aitfags larp we would have seen if , we would have seen from the genetic results that the eurofag haplotype being the oldest and Bhartiya haplotype being the youngest, but we see exact opposite - Bhartiya Haplogroups OLDEST and eurofags youngest. The principle behind this study is that, newer groups of people would have far lower variations among them while older population groups would have higher frequency of variations. In other words, older populations would be lot less homogeneous than the newer populations. This is how modern humans’ ancestry is traced back to Africans, because Africans have the highest amount of genetic variations among the different groups of people today.

See - http://www.omicsonline.org/open-acc...plogroup-r1a-in-eurasia-2161-1041-1000150.pdf

The age component in these studies is the most important because as per aitfags larp that Saraswati ended because of invasion larp around 1500 BC i.e. 4000 years ago. In the light of above mentioned and similar many dozens other genetic studies, their larp is off the mark by at least 10000 years. The significance of this fact is that it demolishes the chutiyapa of brainded aitfags who push the narrative that Hinduism is not native to Bharat and came from outside . Since North Indian population is at least 15,000 years old, their larp falls flat on its face and make Hinduism indigenous to Bharat and Bharat alone.

See - https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg20082
 

asaffronladoftherisingsun

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Massive migrations from Steppes to Bronze Age India was indeed a myth. We have gathered Ancient DNA evidence now. The findings will be out next year. Thanks to the great efforts of scientists from India, USA, UK and others. Warm Greetings for upcoming 2021!

Also just to add :
RV does not give us any incontrovertible evidence proving that Ashvas described in it are only and exclusively true horses;On the contrary RV calls Ashvas absolutely different species of living beings —the horned deer of Indra, the spotty deer of Maruts, the goats of Pushan, the birds of Ashvins''RV does not contain any irrefutable proof that Ashvas mentioned in it were already domesticated and not just seen in the wild around Rigvedic settlements and their inhabitants (what is still true for khurs in Gujarat and kiangs in Himalayan region and Tibet).'These factual conclusions make us regard the so called ‘horse argument’ in the history of Rigvedic Indo-aryans as fictional and non-existent..

See - https://www.academia.edu/40693122/Semenenko_A_A_On_the_true_meaning_of_Ashva_in_Rigveda
 

Peter

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Sir,
The fact is that they all belonged to the Bhartiya branch Z93 which originiated in Bharat.
This research paper has concluded that the R1a1 found in Punjab is the oldest while the eurofags haplotype is comparatively very young. It is important to note the age of different population groups . The study has concluded that central/eastern eurofag is 12.5k years old while Northern Population is 6.9K years old. And the Punjabi/North Bhartiya Population is at least 15.5k years old.Had there been a slightest amount of truth in aitfags larp we would have seen if , we would have seen from the genetic results that the eurofag haplotype being the oldest and Bhartiya haplotype being the youngest, but we see exact opposite - Bhartiya Haplogroups OLDEST and eurofags youngest. The principle behind this study is that, newer groups of people would have far lower variations among them while older population groups would have higher frequency of variations. In other words, older populations would be lot less homogeneous than the newer populations. This is how modern humans’ ancestry is traced back to Africans, because Africans have the highest amount of genetic variations among the different groups of people today.

See - http://www.omicsonline.org/open-acc...plogroup-r1a-in-eurasia-2161-1041-1000150.pdf

The age component in these studies is the most important because as per aitfags larp that Saraswati ended because of invasion larp around 1500 BC i.e. 4000 years ago. In the light of above mentioned and similar many dozens other genetic studies, their larp is off the mark by at least 10000 years. The significance of this fact is that it demolishes the chutiyapa of brainded aitfags who push the narrative that Hinduism is not native to Bharat and came from outside . Since North Indian population is at least 15,000 years old, their larp falls flat on its face and make Hinduism indigenous to Bharat and Bharat alone.

See - https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg20082
Do not call me sir,I am too young. I commend the work you are doing.

On topic, whatever be our origins we need to be united and consider the Indian race as a monolithic identity. Indians all across the board from North to South India are one race and we need to foster that irrespective of anything. The Western establishment will always try to create enmity through their scientific "bodies".
 

asaffronladoftherisingsun

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More evidence proving indigenous origins of Bhartiya Agriculture :

Lahuradewa is a village in eastern Uttar Pradesh. These aitfags claim that agriculture and farming was introduced by invading steppy orangutans but this archaeological finding literally OBLITERATES their delusion. Infact there are hundreds of such sites in this post we talk about only Lahuradewa.

The site has been occupied since as early as 10,000 BC, and by 7,000 BC it provides the oldest evidence of pottery in South Asia.



uwu.png


Excavations here reported the earliest archaeological sites in South Asia for cultivation of rice 6500BCE -9000 BCE plus.

uwu.png


On the basis of the consistent presence of micro-charcoal in the nearby lake, human activity was considered to be going on in this area since 12,000 years. The presence of micro-charcoal observed in all the 28 sediment samples of Lahuradewa Lake, is an indicator of regular fire-events caused by human activity in the catchment area of the lake, during last 12,000 years. The site was brought to light by Krishnanand Tripathi, a resident of Lahuradewa.


There is an archaeologically well-defined record of settled life at this site, from the beginning of Early Farming traditions characterized by rice cultivation, from seventh millennium BC, spanning for several thousand years up to about 200 AD.

uwu.png

Initially, a husk-clot of domesticated rice was dated to 6,409 BC. This phase also showed evidence of wild mammals being utilized for food- like the Gaur, Sambar, Spotted deer, Wild pigs, Porcupine, Mongoose, Hare and common Squirrel. Species of birds were also consumed. There were also remains of at least four species of freshwater fishes – Ritha(Catfish), Sareng/Boal fish, and the famous Rohu fish apart from freshwater mussels.

uwu.png


Growth of population would have extended, plausibly due to increased sedentism and clustering of human groups, as to the need to exploit arable territories around the site for sufficient means of agriculture.

uwu1.png


Based on the 5 stages listed and other investigations, rice based agriculture was prevailing at least in an area extended from the Himalayan Terai to north Vindhyas during, circa 6th to 3rd millennium BC onwards. A diffusion of rice cultivation from the Ganga Plain to Harappan Zone was also suggested during the 3rd millennium BC, where the rice is documented on several sites in Haryana and Punjab datable from 2850 BC.


uwu1.png


The Corded Pottery right from the lowest levels at Lahuradewa, Jhusi and Koldihwa,etc., datable to 10th millennium BC is an evolved form. It is logical to surmise that the ceramic traditions had an even earlier beginnings in the region.

uwu1.png


On the basis of the authentically identified remains of domesticated rice, it can be expected that the picture of early beginning of agriculture in the region will be changed even further backwards. Nature of the remains and the grains by which the rice has been identified, seems to be sufficiently advanced. It is surmised that a certain level of cultural complexity and agricultural practices would have been a necessary prerequisite in still earlier stages of cultural evolution somewhere in Middle Ganga Plain, otherwise this status of rice domestication could not have appeared at Lahuradewa during 9000 BC.

See - https://docplayer.net/43297655-Early-farming-at-lahuradewa.html
 

asaffronladoftherisingsun

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On Vedic Migration to Sumer :

Folks there is irrefutable evidence that the Sumerian Civilization took off at this time with the help of an agro-pastoral economy which had arrived from Bharat and which relied heavily on the domestic water-buffaloes for the cultivation of rice in the marshy lands and water logged areas. Before 5500 BC, the people were hunter-gatherers in this fish, bird and small game rich region. Thereafter people from the east came with newer ideas and technologies. Uruk was one of the oldest cities of Sumer, which suddenly emerged about 4000 BC.

kek.PNG

A modern Marsh arab Village

The three viz. the buffalo, the cattle and rice had migrated to Sumer from northwest India between 5000 BC and 4000 BC, giving rise to a new economy which led the region into the earliest phase of urbanization and subsequently larger state formation Marshall identified the water-buffalo in many Sumerian pictographs and texts, and also the Indian wild bull Bos gaurus in a tablet (No. 312) excavated from Jemdet Nasr near Kish.

It is known by now that the water-buffalo was domesticated in BHARAT in the eastern part of the country which was kept wetter by the Bay of Bengal monsoon and the winter monsoon during the Early Holocene. In fact there is “evidence that both river and swamp buffaloes decent from one domestication event, probably in the Bhartiya subcontinent.”. It is at the very earliest Neolithic period that the water-buffalo had reached Mehrgarh as domestic animal. In northwest India, Mehrgarh received most of its rains from northern monsoon called the winter monsoon, which was strong then and hence the buffaloes could thrive at Mehrgarh as evident from the archaeology. In fact the Mehrgarh region was wet enough to support not only the water-buffalo, but also elephant, rhinoceros, swamp-deer and wild pig which prefer to live in the wetlands.

See - https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/90762

See - https://www.researchgate.net/public...estic_water_buffalo_Bubalus_bubalis_phylogeny

See - https://www.coursehero.com/file/pi2...-and-Euphrates-rivers-were-fed-by-the-winter/

See - https://www.academia.edu/10613581/Narrating_the_maritime_glory_of_Bharatam_Janam_Indus_writing_boat_carrying_oxhide_ingots_Reconstructing_the_Mohanna_boatmans_song_ēlō_ēlēlō_helava_helavo_Sense_of_Bharatiya_maritime_history_retained_in_folk_memories

See - https://www.academia.edu/10583287/Ancient_History_of_Bhāratam_Janam_Journeys_tossed_on_the_waves_of_Indian_Ocean_ēlō_on_the_Tin_Road_from_Hanoi_to_Haifa_Evidence_of_Gold_disc_studded_with_Meluhha_metalwork_hieroglyphs

Archaeological evidence of water buffalo from SARASWATI region comes in the form of buffalo-horn motif of deities and depiction of this animal in the seals. We get such motifs from a pot recovered from Kot Diji dating to Early Harappan-mature Harappan transition , and from a broken terracotta cake recovered from Kalibangan dating to mature Harappa period. A Period II pot from Lewan depicts the horns of the water-buffalo. Rojdi too had domesticated buffalo . Buffalo bones have been found from the Ahar-Banas site of Rajasthan.

See - https://www.academia.edu/10613581/Narrating_the_maritime_glory_of_Bharatam_Janam_Indus_writing_boat_carrying_oxhide_ingots_Reconstructing_the_Mohanna_boatmans_song_ēlō_ēlēlō_helava_helavo_Sense_of_Bharatiya_maritime_history_retained_in_folk_memories

This dominant presence of the Indian water buffalo in the Sumerian culture is enough evidence to say that the Indian farmer-pastoralists had led the transformation of this society by elite-dominance. Yet there is no evidence of the language change having taken place by this elite-dominance.


Vedic influence :


Tthe Sumerian divinity is entirely Vedic, with the gods and goddesses even conserving the Vedic Indo-european names. Dont forget the yazidi people in Iraq . They are hindus and their rituals include peacocks, tilak and deepak lighting. They worship peacock lord - Melek Taus which is no other but son of MAHADEV SHIVA - Kartikey or what they call him in south Bharat as Murugan. Their women also wear sarees. And peacocks aint native nor could exist in desert , peacocks are certainly native to Bharat.

See - https://www.sanskritimagazine.com/history/history-of-vedic-culture-in-the-middle-east/

See - https://www.speakingtree.in/blog/rig-vedic-king-and-sumerian-king-2600-bce

See - https://tamilandvedas.com/2014/05/11/a-hindu-story-in-sumerian-civilization/

See - https://books.google.co.in/books?id=VKS_C45BSOAC&pg=PA127&lpg=PA127&dq=”Milking+the+udder+of+heaven:”&source=bl&ots=uMom4-Y2nQ&sig=KhA8WZMOVY5q9-G9jk7KagHQqMk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=k5XTVIjrOoOXuATy4IHIAQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q="Milking the udder of heaven:"&f=false


Bhartiya Rice in Sumer :

The cultivation of rice in the marshes of southern Iraq, which revolutionized the whole region about 4000 BC has been generally bypassed by the modern historiographers.
“They traditionally constructed artificial islands, made of layers of reed and mud, on which they constructed their homes using woven reeds. They fed the sprouting reeds to their water buffalo and they used the dung of the water buffaloes for the fuel. They depended on fishing and hunting and they planted rice and tended date palms along the edges of the marshes.

This same is true even today of many of the marsh-dwellers of Bihar and Bengal’s Gangetic marshes. Not only that the ancient Mesopotamian buffaloes depicted in the seals have their native home in India.

kek1.PNG


Bubalus arnee which lives in the wild in India and is the source for the domestic river as well as the swamp buffaloes)

The ancient Sumerian buffaloes as in seal are in fact from this stock. This has been demonstrated genetically too :

uwu.PNG


See - The marsh dwellers of iraq.

The recent DNA study of the Iraqi rice has clarified that there is exact match of some Iraqi rice DNAs with the Bhartiya rice DNAs proving the migration of the BHARTIYA domestic rice to South Iraq :

“Also, the SSR marker (RM1) results confirmed that Amber and Daawat were very closely related, which means that the origin of Amber has come from Bhartiya ancestors the same as Daawat variety.”

See - https://www.academia.edu/10613581/Narrating_the_maritime_glory_of_Bharatam_Janam_Indus_writing_boat_carrying_oxhide_ingots_Reconstructing_the_Mohanna_boatmans_song_ēlō_ēlēlō_helava_helavo_Sense_of_Bharatiya_maritime_history_retained_in_folk_memories

We also saw already the irrefutable archaeological evidence with respect to farming and rice and agriculture dating as far as 10000 years before present in Lahuradewa and Mehrgarh alone. It has become clear from the DNA studies that Bharat was home of two important sub-species of cultivated rice and one wild semi-cultivated wild breed of rice. These are Oriza sativa indica and O. s. aus and the Oriza sativa nivara respectively (q.v.). It is no more held now that the Bhartiya rice has come from China and the earliest rice-cultivating Pottery Neolithic sites of the world have been found in the Ganga Valley. From the GANGA Valley its cultivation reached northwest India (Hakra-Ghagghar) by 5000 BC or 5500 BC when the weather of NW India became humid enough.

But the Arabian Sea monsoon was very strong up to at least 4000 BC and it is likely that the Indus Valley, particularly the western part of it, was full of perennial floods for about 1000 years or more between about 5000 BC and 4000 BC. It has been even known that the Saraswati civilization started growing faster only after the rains had decreased and somewhat safer and drier climate had arrived by 4000 bce in the region. “Harappan urbanism emerged on the face of a prolonged trend towards declining rainfall”. They also concluded: “adaptation to aridity contributed to social complexity and urbanization” . Thus the early humid flooded phase was not conducive to high civilization formation, and thus it promoted westward migration of people in search of drier better places to keep their livestock and do farming.

See - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277379105002908

See - https://www.pnas.org/content/109/26/e1688

See - https://www.academia.edu/10613581/Narrating_the_maritime_glory_of_Bharatam_Janam_Indus_writing_boat_carrying_oxhide_ingots_Reconstructing_the_Mohanna_boatmans_song_ēlō_ēlēlō_helava_helavo_Sense_of_Bharatiya_maritime_history_retained_in_folk_memories

Thus the early humid flooded phase was not conducive to high civilization formation, and thus it promoted westward migration of people in search of drier better places to keep their livestock and do farming.

It is during this flood time that many of the Bhartiya farmers and pastoralists from the Indus-SARASWATI region migrated westward to the places like Sumer along with their caravans of buffaloes, cows, bulls, goats and rice to avoid being eliminated by the devastating floods.

(To be continued...)
 

asaffronladoftherisingsun

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On Vedic Migration to Sumer :

[Final Part]continued ....

They have examined the Sumerian seals and tablets. They were able to identify the Bhartiya bison (Bos gaurus) and the Bhartiya water-buffalo depicted on the tablets at Jamdet Nasr.

See - (PDF) Narrating the maritime glory of Bharatam Janam. Indus writing boat carrying oxhide ingots. Reconstructing the Mohanna boatman's song, ēlō ! ēlēlō !! he'lava he'lavo !!! Sense of Bharatiya maritime history retained in folk memories. | Srini Kalyanaraman - Academia.edu

Recently a DNA study of the Marsh Arabs, that inhabit the Sumerian region today, was done for the purpose of identifying the Bhartiya connection, if any, of this population of South Iraq. The Marsh Arabs are considered to have arrived there from somewhere else, and some legends suggest BHARAT. The DNA study of the Marsh Arabs residing today in the former Sumer region showed that majority of the ethnic group carries the Semitic specific male DNA, yet up to almost 8% can be traced to Bharat. Bharatiya lineages found in the Marsh Arabs included: L-M20xM76 (0.7%); Q-M242 (2.8%); R1-M269 (2.8%) and R2-M124 (1.4%): all together adding up to 7.7% ). It may be noted that the R1a-M17 is an BHARTIYA Y-DNA haplogroup , which is absent from the Marsh Arab DNAs, yet is present up to 8.4% in the Iraqi population .
It was inferred that the R1a migration had taken place out from north west Bhart in response to the cold-dry weather of the 8.2 Kilo event (6.2 BC). This migration took place along the northern Iran which was wetter then due to good winter monsoon, and reached North Iraq, but did not reach South Iraq. Hence the R1a is absent from the Sumerian region (South Iraq) yet present in the northern Iraq

See - https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-11-288

In addition to these there is the presence of J2*-M172 at the frequency of 3.5% in the Marsh Arab population. This male DNA lineage originated in the Uttar Pradesh in North BHARAT. The association of J2-M172 with the spread of Neolithic (farming-culture) in the regions with good rainfall in Iraq, and also in the southern Europe, is well attested as concluded in the research paper “While J2-M172 has been linked to the development and expansion of agriculture in the wetter northern zone and is also considered the Y-chromosome marker for the spread of farming into south east europe” .

From the female lineage or the mitochondrial DNA side, we find a larger migration from Bharat to Sumer having taken place. Today it is represented in the Marsh Arab population by the presence of the mtDNA U7, R2 and M . One particular sample was found to have mtDNA of the type M33a2a (GenBank accession number: JN540042), which is found in the Uttar Pradesh state of Bharat . Thus the migrations from Bharat were not male exclusive, but they consisted more of the females. This is understandable, because women play a greater role in paddy cultivation as well as buffalo keeping.

See - https://www.pnas.org/content/103/4/843.full
 

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Evidence of BHARAT as Source of West Asian Farming :

In this research paper , they found in Syria, that the gazelle hunting was the predominant mode of subsistence for thousands of years before 7308 BC (8300 BP uncalibrated). However the first goat appears there at Abu Hureyra in 7730 BC (8600 BP uncalibrated) which had much resemblance with Dareh Ganj (Zagros, Iran) culling practices. It can be inferred that it had arrived in Syria from Dareh Ganj (Iran). Within the next 400 years, goat became the main food of the archaeological site at Abu Hureyra (Syria) completely replacing the gazelle hunting:

“However, it is also possible that the abrupt increase of goats in the Southern Levant at about 8600 BP uncalibrated marks the introduction of managed but morphologically unchanged goats from somewhere else. The first appearance of goats in the assemblage from Abu Hureyra in the northern Levant (most securely dated to about 8600 BP uncalibrated) is accompanied by demographic data that suggest a similar culling strategy to that detected at Ganj Dareh . Goats dominate in the assemblage from the site after about 8300 BP uncalibrated, reversing a many millennia emphasis on hunted gazelle.”

See - https://www.academia.edu/4550760/First_Steps_of_Animal_Domestication
See - https://www.researchgate.net/public...vestock_domestication_in_the_Fertile_Crescent
See - http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.724.3208&rep=rep1&type=pdf


Thus the west Asian (levant and anatolia) pastoral culture was not local innovation, but had arrived there from West Iran. This leads us to the next question whether the West Iranians and the West Asian people were the same people, or the people of West Iran had arrived from somewhere else.

A new technique, the ancient DNA (aDNA) technique is throwing much direct light on the matter. Recently the full genome of a human skeleton (female) from 7900 BC from ganj dareh was successfully recovered. Its study examined this DNA and found that these people who were the architects of the zagros Neolithic were not from anatolia nor the levant, or from eurofags, steppy or the caucasus, but were from a southern and eastern location. This cultural package brought to zagros was later adopted by the anatolians and the people of the levant (israel, lebenon, jordan, Syria), who brought the culture to the further west into Southeast Europe and Romania.

See - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/059568v1.full

On the basis of the DNA recovered it was concluded that the people of Zagros (West Iran) were not the same as the people of West Asia In fact, the farmers of Levant, those of Anatolia and those of Iran were there distinct genetic populations . This research paper concluded in the Abstract of their aDNA-based article that the people “of the Central zagros were somewhat isolated from other populations of the fertile crescent. Runs of homozygosity are of a similar length to those from Neolithic farmers, and shorter than those of caucasus and western hunter-gatherers, suggesting that the inhabitants of ganj Dareh did not undergo the large population bottleneck suffered by their northern neighbours. While some degree of cultural diffusion between anatolia, Western Iran and other neighbouring regions is possible, the genetic dissimilarity between early anatolian farmers and the inhabitants of Ganj Dareh supports a model in which Neolithic societies in these areas were distinct.” This research paper also concluded that the population had arrived to zagros from somewhere further south and east: “It is possible that the ancestors of the anatolian and ganj dareh farmers spent the LGM in areas further south or east

See - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/059568v1.full
See - https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19310?proof=t

The agricultural package of the Ganj Dareh site too matched the northwest BHARTIYA agricultural package found at the MEHRGARH. “The site has been directly dated to 9650–9950 cal BP7, and shows intense occupation over two to three centuries. The economy of the population was that of pastoralists with an emphasis on goat herding. Archaeobotanical evidence is limited but the evidence present is for two-row barley with no evidence for wheat, rye or other domesticates. while the Mehrgarh had six-row barley at 8700 BC, which is an advanced stage of agricultural development and domestication of barley. ” This finding too is consistent with the transfer from the Mehrgarh agricultural package. Also wild presence of the goat in afghanistan (Greater BHARAT) and north western BHARAT adds further proves that the goat was first domesticated here and so was sheep.

See - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-72963-y
See - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/059568v1.full
See - Jarrige JF (2008) Mehrgarh Neolithic. Pragdhara 18: 136–154.

(To be continued...)
 

asaffronladoftherisingsun

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[]Continued .... https://defenceforumindia.com/threads/aryan-invasion-theory.1403/post-1832087

On zagros neolithic people dna:

Folks ,It became clear from the ancient DNA that the West Asian farmers of levant (Syria etc) were not the same people genetically who were doing farming and goat domestication at the zagros site . They tried to find the source of the zagros farmers in light of the fact that the zagros region had become uninhabitable during the late glacial peak, and its farmers must have come from somewhere outside.

See - https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19310?proof=t
See - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/059568v1.full

The ancient DNA recovered from the single female skeleton (named GD13a) from Neolithic ganj dareh (zagros, west Iran) belongs to the mtDNA haplogroup X2 which is a sister of X1; and both X1 and X2 descended from X haplogroup. Today, the X2, along with X1 is well distributed in eurofags, and had been WORNGLY till late considered eurofags or Western Eurasian mtDNA. The recent studies of the ancient DNAs from eurofags revealed that this DNA was not present in them before 6000 BC.

In South Europe, which was warmer, the earliest sample of X mtDNA has been found from northern greece at Revenia dating about 6300 BC . It belonged to the X2b branch. Just at this time we get another sample of mtDNA X of X2m branch from Barcin in West anatolia . Hence we can say that the farmers of the zagros were gradually moving west through turkey into Southern europe via greece at about 6300 BC.

See - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/032763v1

The mtDNA X (which has two branches X1 and X2) reached Central europe as a part of the “Neolithic DNA package”, and its earliest presence in there occurs in the linear pottery culture, only about 5600 BC. This culture most probably arrived to Central europe from the north Black Sea locations.

See - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4039305/

However from the south, the starcevo cultural grows from the balkans and expands to central europe about the same time. From Starcevo cultural sites in hungary several people with mtDNA X (belonging to X2 lineage) have been found dating 5615 BC .

kek.PNG


See - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274009432_Tracing_the_genetic_origin_of_Europe's_first_farmers_reveals_insights_into_their_social_organization

Clearly, we can conclude from the available evidence that the people (and their DNA lineages like X2) were reaching europe from the zagros by two routes–one through anatolia, bosporus and romania and the balkans, and the other through caucasus, north black sea steppy and then to eurofags, effectively changing the DNA-landscape of the regions they were sweeping.

See - https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14317

(To be continued ...)
 

asaffronladoftherisingsun

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Modern distribution and origin of X2 lineage :
[]Continued.................https://defenceforumindia.com/threads/aryan-invasion-theory.1403/post-1832087
Final part.

The mtDNA X2 which migrated into eurofags with the Neolithic is present in European population till date. However it has been replaced in West Asia by arrival of newer people over time with different DNAs. Hence, the X2 mtDNA is not now that common in the levant in the general Arab population. However, it is found in good percentage in the relict minority population Druze living in israel, jordan, lebanon and Syria. The Druze, particularly the ones living in the secluded galilee area of israel have maintained an isolated existence, and thus have been able to retain the old genetic material.It is to be noted that this Druze community follows a unique system of religious belief which resembles the HINDUISM in many ways. These people acknowledge in the series of rebirths ultimately leading the soul to merge in the cosmic reality .It is very likely that the Druze are the relic descendants of the goat-keeping farmers who reached the levant from the zagros bringing the neolithic practices.

See - https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0002105

In South Asia, which we consider to be the likely source of the zagros farmers , the mtDNA X2 is found today in the hazara, baloch and makarani relict tribes of Afghanistan and porkystan (Greater BHARTIYA part). Hazara is a relict tribe of Afghanistan. A recent DNA study has shown that the Tajik and the pashtun speaking people of Afghanistan arrived somewhat later to Afghanistan from Bharat during the early Holocene , and that the Hazara had been in Afghanistan from much older days. This finding contradicts the notion that the Hazaras arrived there with genghiz khan’s army from mongolia.

See - https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0034288

The Hazara which constitute about 20 per cent population of Afghanistan today and speak Dari (an Indo-iranian) language are in fact the oldest inhabitants of the Afghan country since the late glacial period. Majority of the pashtun-speaking males of Afghanistan (51%) have the R1a1a-M17 Y-chromosomal DNA from South Asia. R1a1a- m17 again originated in BHARAT.However the frequency of R1a1a-M17 is only 6.6% among the Hazara males. It has been shown recently that the population of the arriving people with technological advantage expands much faster, and that it greatly decimates or replaces the population percentage, particularly of the males, of the original people of the locality. As concluded by this research paper , “Using either mutation rate estimate, the lineage expansions seem to have followed innovations that may have elicited increased variance in male reproductive success, innovations such as metallurgy, wheeled transport, or social stratification and organized warfare. In each case, privileged male lineages could undergo preferential amplification for generations. We find that rapid expansions are not confined to extraordinary circumstances and that the Y chromosome resulting from these rapid expansions can predominate on a continental scale and do so in some of the populations most studied by medical geneticists. Inferences incorporating demography may benefit from taking these male–female differences into account.”

See - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27111036/

This has been the case of the Hazaras vis-à-vis the Pashtun speaking Afghanistani people. The R1a1a-M17, which constitutes the 51% of pashtun male lineages, was found to have originated in BHARAT, expanded in Gujarat and the Saraswati civilization and then migrated through Afghanistan to Central Asia, steppyniggrs and then to eurofags. . It gave three important branches en route to eurofags. Out of these the one R1a-Z93 expanded in the Saraswati civilization during the late Bronze Age . It reached the steppyniggrs and then to eurofags mainly during the Bronze Age. It has been recovered in large numbers from the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age human remains from Central Asia (tarim basin) and europe, but with a much smaller frequencies before that time.

See - https://www.nature.com/articles/ejhg2009194
See - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27111036/
See - https://www.pnas.org/content/103/4/843.full
See - http://repository.ias.ac.in/21283/
See - https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg20082

This particular branch R1a-Z93 which expanded in the Saraswati civilization is also found in the Malaysian BHARTIYAS (of Dravidian speaking South Bhartiya ethnicity), as well as the Roma (Gypsy) from hungary, but not in the other hungarian population . Hence this lineage is of totally BHARTIYA origin. This body of genetic evidence only proves that the oashtun of Afghanistan reached their modern homes from Saraswati civilization/ North BHARAT and largely reduced the percentage of the native Hazara who had been the original people of Afghanistan and who had earlier migrated with the early farming and goat-herding to zagros at the advent of the Holocene.

See - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.22167

One particular branch X2d of the X2 lineage is found in the roma-gypsy population of eurofags and in none else . Its other early branch X2a is found in the amreecunt tribes only, who possibly migrated to North amreeka crossing the bering strait land-bridge after expanding through Central Asia, Altai and Siberia just before the end of the last glacial period.

“Principal Component Analysis” is a technique applied to the statistics generated from the study of the genome or the complete DNA. This was done for this ganj dareh DNA too. It was proved that the genome recovered from the ganj dareh lady was related largely to the Balochi, Makrani and Brahui populations of north western Bharat . This fact further supports the BHARATIYA origin of the zagros farmers.

See - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/059568v1.full
 
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Haldilal

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Ya'll Nibbiars these Idiota's argued that those who lived in the Saraswati civilization area worshiped Lord Shiva and hence, they were Dravidians from South Bharat who inhabited the Saraswati civilization. They failed to decipher the fact that both the words Shiva and Shambhu originate from Sanskrit and not Tamil. ‘Shi’ in Sanskrit means benevolent, helpful, gracious and auspicious. ‘Sam’ in Sanskrit means existing for happiness or causing happiness or being kind and helpful or benevolent.

Vedic texts have always used these words in the exact same sense they were first created. There has been no change. There are other important points to remember:
Lord Siva’s home is Mount Kailasa which is located in extremely inhospitable and remote area which today falls in Tibetan Himalayas. That’s north!
Varanasi, which is Shaivism’s most auspicious seat is also located in the north.
Rig Veda has extensive mentions of Shiva and Rudra where he has been portrayed as a very important and most powerful deity.
Hence Shiva is never strictly a Tamil or South Bhartiya god , Shiva was completely a Vedic god.
 

Haldilal

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Ya'll Nibbiars This research paper concluded that the genetic diversity of the BHARTIYA goats and sheep is much higher than that of the Middle Eastern goat and sheep populations . “The geographic location of origin can be inferred from the geographic distribution of certain alleles or lineages as follows. In all livestock species, including goats, cattle, buffalo, pigs and sheep, a divergent DNA lineage occurs only in Southern and Eastern Asia. This suggests a possible centre of animal domestication in Southern or Eastern Asia” This fact suggests India (and also China) as the most likely place for domestication of most of these animals.
Mitochondrial DNA variation is an index of the age of a lineage in any area. They also conluded “In goats, however, mtDNA variation is not higher in the Fertile Crescent region compared to most other continental region” . That means in simple words that the Fertile Crescent was not an early centre of goat (and by implication) domestication”, something which the other scholars have dared not pronounce so far. See - https://www.researchgate.net/public...ses_of_mtDNA_Y_chromosome_and_microsatellites
 

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Debunking aitfags lies on horses :
[Postings shall be done in parts...]

Folks , archaeology shows that the central asians were late to use horse, say about 50 AD, and the central asian bmac had no horse at all. Thus there was an archaeological disconnect between the ukrainian and the south Asian horse domestications, meaning that horse was domesticated independently at the two places.

The Light Race Horse of BHARTIYA origin :

Researchers noted that the Bhartiya domestic caballus horse recovered from 1200 BCE horse burials at Katelai (Swat, Bharat) belonged to the “eastern” breed which was different “from the bronze and iron age horses of eastern and central eurofags and recalls some horses from etruscan tombs: presumably it belongs to some oriental strain.”

The “eastern breed” certainly refers to the sivalensis horse. The Etruscan horses from populonia and castro from the first millennium BCE resemble the Swat horse and do not resemble the Bronze or Iron Age horse from north Italy and the rest of eurofags as well as the Pleistocene horse of the same area.

kek.jpg

This is etruscan teracotta Horse. Note the long neck and downward bent head, the features of Sivalensis type.

The sixth century bce horse burials at padova north italy resemble the Swat burial in style . This horse breed must have been brought by the etruscans arriving to Italy from West Asia where it had in all probability arrived to West Asia like the Mittani. This finding implied that the BHARTIYA horse had migrated to southern europe from BHARAT. That this horse and chariot had not arrived to Bharat from West Asia is made explicit by Azzaroli, who found that the Bhartiya chariots were different from the West Asian ones . The Swat petroglyph chariots are same in style as that of Central Asia and the steppy.

Thus it becomes clear that the light horses originated from Bharat and the eurofags horses were heavy, the fact made clear by Azzaroli in his book. This fact accords well with the Burgman’s Rule, which states that the animal’s of colder regions have heavier body size.


The only horse depiction detected from bmac is a seal (below; source David Anthony’s Blog, also cited in Anthony 2009) with a horse-rider.
kek1.jpg

A bmac horse.


The horse in it is clearly of the etruscan type, which is no different from the Marwari type (see below).


kek.jpg

A Marwari BHARTIYA Horse ^^^^^

See - https://books.google.co.in/books/ab...Horsemanship.html?id=KvEUAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y

Horse from water :

The fraud pie root-word for horse ek̂u̯o-s has been derived from another pie root akwā-, ǝkwā or ēkw- meaning “water, river, sea”. Starostin thinks that the horses were sacrificed to the sea-god (for navigational safely), hence they got named after “water”. However, sacrifices evolved in civilizations much later than language, and the words for animals like horse must have been coined much before any sacrificial rituals came into practice. Hence this view, is at best a good folk-etymology, and cannot be true. We need to search a different relationship between sea and horse.


RIG VEDAS
Account Consistent with Linguistic theory :


The derivation ek̂u̯o-s (horse) from akwā (water) is not understandable unless we take into account the Rig-Vedic mention that horse came from the ocean. Rig-Veda 1.163 (Hymns for the Horse) says:


1. What time, first springing into life, thou neighedst, proceeding from the sea or upper waters, Limbs of the deer hadst thou, and eagle pinions. O Steed, thy birth is nigh and must be lauded.


4. Three bonds, they say, thou hast in heaven that bind thee, three in the waters, three within the ocean. To me thou seernest Varuna, O Courser, there where they say is thy sublimest birth-place.


The abode of Varuna, the God of waters, is in the Arabian Sea. The foregoing is a picturesque description of retreating horses from the submerging coasts of the Gulf of Cambay in the Arabian Sea following the sea-level rise after the lgm . Just after the Last Glacial Maximum, about 16,000 years back, the sea-level started rising, forcing the coastal fauna, which included the wild horse, into mainland. It may be noted that the horse does not want to live in dense forests , and it must have lived on the coasts in large numbers in Bharat. Clearly, this would have given impression to the people at that time that the horses were coming out of the sea. Many studies have indicated that the earliest portions of the RIG VEDA pertain to the end of the Last Glacial Maximum.


This is a literary evidence for presence of wild horse in BHARAT during or just after the Last Glacial Maximum.

Evidence from BHARTIYA Archaeology :


Paleontological and archaeological evidence shows that the wild horses were widely distributed all over eurofags and Asia throughout the Upper Palaeolithic period between 10,000 BP and 35,000 BP. BHARAT was a principal home of horse during that period.

At , 80 kilometers east of Pune, 20,000 years old radiocarbon dated level yielded wild animal skeletons including Equus namadicus and Equus sivalensis were discovered, the types belonging to “caballus” species.
The latter breed was ancestral to many of the domesticated horse lineages of today like the arabic horse and the thoroughbred horse . Equus caballus, hemionus and other species have been found from Aq Kupruk of afghanistan (Greater BHARAT)dating back from 8,000 to 16,000 BP . Wild true horse bones were found from 20,000 BP strata of Bolan and Son valleys, and domesticated horse bones from dates 8500 BP and 6500 BP of the Bolan and Son valleys. The domesticated horse bones from Mahagara Neolithic complex of 7000 BP and Bagor (Rajasthan) 6500 BP have been noted.

See - Badam, G.L., 1985, “The Late Quaternary Fauna of imamgaon”

See -https://hub.jhu.edu/2014/11/20/india-fossils-perissodactyla/
 

asaffronladoftherisingsun

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[https://defenceforumindia.com/threads/aryan-invasion-theory.1403/post-1835400]....
Part 2 .

Folks this dna study concluded that two of the horse lineages (i.e. F and pre-JK) were found exclusively in the przewalskii (steppy horse), meaning thereby that the przewalskii is not the wild ancestor of the Asian and eurofags horses, otherwise these DNA lineages (F and pre-JK) would have been found in the caballus i.e. true horses too. Therefore they concluded, “This finding also supports evidence from other studies that the przewalskii’s horse is not the mtDNA source for the domestic horse” . Then weinstock found by DNA analysis that the “true horse” is closely related with the american slit-legged horse and the Asian hemionus horses, and that is distant genetically from the przewalskii horses.

Also and genetically speaking przewalskii horses are not “true horses”. The przewalskii has 66 chromosomes, where as the “true horses” have 64 chromosomes. They two are actually two species. On the other hand, all available evidence suggests that the Indian horse sivalensis was and its descendant modern Indian horses are “true horses” and have contributed genes to most of the domesticated caballus horse races of the modern world. Moreover evidence from weinstock’s study makes it clear that the surviving Bhartiya Wild Ass ghur (Equus hemionus of the Runn of Cutch) is genetically closer to the domesticated horses (caballus) than are the przewalskii wild horse of central asia.

See - https://www.pnas.org/content/109/7/2449
See - https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030241

This, apart from Tibetan kulan, is the closest surviving wild relative of modern “true horse” in the Old World. Skeletons of extinct “true” horse viz. Equus namadicus and Equus sivalensis have been recovered from BHARAT. This is consistent with the DNA studies which suggest that the modern BHARTIYA “true horses” are autochthonous to BHARAT, and the morphological studies which suggest that the Equus sivalensis was one of the ancestors of the “true horse”.

See - https://www.academia.edu/36101579/CHAPTER_3_ANCIENT_INDIAN_LITERATURE_AND_LANGUAGES_PART_3_docx

Hence it can be safely inferred that the deserted shithole steppy was not the place of early domestication of horse, otherwise the przewalskii’s would have got domesticated, not the non-przewalskii horses.

Lindgren found in their DNA study that although wild mares had been recruited from all over eurasia, on the male side only one male had been recruited, from whose breed all the domesticated horses have descended. This male was not the central Asian przewalskii, because the latter had split from the modern horse lineage about 120,000 years back. Possibly this progenitor male was of Tarpan or related wild type. However, with the death of the last living wild horse of eurasia the Tarpan, today we are not in a position to ascertain the location of the wild male progenitor of modern horses. Yet one thing is sure that this male horse had descended from a stallion line originating from a southern location, either the Iberian Peninsula or the South BHARAT after the end of glaciations.

See - https://www.nature.com/articles/ng1326?proof=t

They also studied DNA of five BHARTIYA caballus horse breeds viz. Marwari, Spiti, Bhutia, Manipuri and Zanskari vis-à-vis the eurofags thoroughbred horse. The result showed that the genetic distance varied as the geographical distance between the lineages. There is a geographical structuring of the horse breeds in BHARAT. This type of finding necessarily means that the breeds under question have evolved in their present location over a very long period of time, and also that they have not been imported from outside.

This finding means that these BHARTIYA horse breeds are indigenous of BHARAT living in their respective places for a very long period of time. A DNA study of the Spiti horses of the Himachal Pradesh showed that this domesticated breed of the “true horse” has been well in place in the region for a very long time, much before deluded date of aitfags. This finding is consistent with other studies demonstrating that the BHARTIYA sivalensis horse gave birth to many horse lineages of BHARAT and abroad.

See - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8042288_Genetic_characterization_of_Indian_Spiti_horses
See - https://www.ias.ac.in/describe/article/jgen/085/03/0199-0203
See - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6416053_Genetic_characterization_of_Zanskari_breed_of_horse
 

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